LE DANG KHUONG Ding cho hoc sinh 6n thi THPT Quéc gia Nha xudt ban Dan TrfLoi néi dau Gécem hge sink than mén, BG bao gig em ty hdl ban thén minh nhimng cau hoi: = Lam thé'ndo dé hoc nhanh hon? ~ Lam thé ndo dé hoc Hoa thi vj hon? + Lam thé nao dé lay gic mon Hida nhanh nhde? Thay chic Ia em A4 timg haf mét trong cdc céu di trén, D6 Ié bf do em dang cam trén tay cuén séch ndy. Thay ciing da ting mat géc va thay théw hiéu cm gide lhhé khan thé ndo Khi gdp mOt bai todn héa hoc. N6 gidng nur mOe mé bong bong khéng I6i thodt. Mi lan ob bai kiém tra la mdi lan nhjp tim tang Ién vd mbt 6 ban a6 khéng kim ché nét, dinh hi bai ban hotic tim cdich quay bat. Thdy dé tim ciich thodt ra khéi mé bing bong trén bang cfch “Lap di lip lai” mét s6 dang todn v8 nang 46 va céch tinh theo phuong trinh phén ting. Thay hoc thuge long mdz s6 kién thc co ban va bat dau dp dung nd. Te ci, déin dn thay Idy igi gc nhanh chéng va c6 mde trong 46i tuyén thi hoe sinh gibi Hoa. ‘Trong cu6n stich nay, thity da chi tiét héa qud trinh thay lady lat ge va Kien thite héa hoe nhw thé nao. Em hay lam theo nhang chi ddn trong sdch. Hay nh6" Muda nhanh thi phd tir tir’, Didu dé ed nghia la gi? NO cé nghita la c’in pha ngdm kién thite cn ban, hoc thuBe long nhimg bai den gidn va ting téc theo phwong phép 30 gidy. Em sé nhanh chéng Iéy lat kién thite ciia minh va thodt khéi cdm gidc t0i Idi kia dé tén huéng cam aide honh phuic khi te tin voi mén Hea. Cuén sich néy sé gitp em tré Ibi ba cu hdl trén mt céch thi vj <3 Céc ban dong nghtep than mén, Ban da bao gid ne héi minh: = Lam thé néo dé day cdc em hoe nhanih hon? Lam thé néo a ede em hoe sinh thay mén Héa the vi? - Lam thé néo d8 gitip hoe sinh ly g6c mén Héa nhanh nhde?MUC LUC pie Nee re LEM SaN(eg yA) s)s(e PHAN I: KIEN THUG COT LOL CHIA KHOA VAN NANG XEP HINH KIEU HOA HOG '2 PHEP BIEN HOA THAN THONG BST ced Keys Wo els) ge a) hn) PHAN ti: HGA HOU CO (ime lien nce Go We lniced HIDROG: ie)s'§ ANCOL fasta ele LE BANG KHUONG Trang 5ei POLIME TONG HOP HOA HUU CO" PHAN Ill: HOA VOCO 17 i oe 181 18 PHAN UNG OXI HOA KHU 191 19 Mia ; 205 20 2142 2a 228 “22 236 23 Gn (Laie 246 24 ROM VA CAC KIM LOAI KHAC 256 25 TONG HOP VO.CO’ 265 [26 DE THI THI TONG HOP 280 LE DANG KHONG Trang 6Téi tin ring ban da ceg hdl cw hdl wén, Bang chitng la ban dang doc dén doan nay va dang cam thay sy the! vi ting dlén, phdi knéng ndo? CuGn stich ady s€ gitip ban rd [ot ba cau adi tren, Toi bidt ring kién thik cua t6i Id hiru han nén trong #huda khd cadn séch ndy, ¢61 chia sé edch mé cdi da dp dung cho rdc nhtéu hoc sinh tir mét g6c dé dat diém cao thé ado. T6i thd hidu ring ban cing daw khé khi day ed 2m hoc sinh mét gc re sav. Bin than tét cing da timg di day ahibu nhém, nhidu Isp thé lly. Cun stich néy mé té qué erink e5i day Age sinh ra sao. Mong han lam theo huréag dn UE c6 ché gig aoe stat cha bon ahah ching tdy lai kin chitc. Hay tin réng trén abi nay ein mat hing ahd, dom ah oh Khng 06 hoe sinh dét ma chi cd céch day chura phi hop khién cd me. Mile di 08 a deepe Au ter ve vide odin thin tay nhiéa cng khong thé erdnn kdl ahag thidu s6t, rét mong nhgn duvoe see g5p ¥ clta ct om va ed: ban ding aghigp dé tdi cb co h duoc stta chit Xin trtin trong ed on! Técgid Se Lé Dang KhongLOI DE TANG ‘ay 1A mt mén qua danh rigng cho ban, Hay lam theo quy trinh trong cuén sch nay, né sé gidp ban dat dwc myc tiéu cla minh, Cun sdch nay danh tng bé me ti, vo t6i va hai con yéu dau ciia t6i. LOI CAM ON Cudn sch da nhan duge rt niu dong gop qui béu. TOI xin bay t3 long biét on cia minh én nhimg con ngudi da dank tm huyét va nd lye cla ho dé cudn sach nay ra dot. Cam on cac cong su Nguyén Thanh Hoa, Tran Thi Thank Tém, Pham Thi Lua, Nguyén Phuong Thiy, H@ Thuc Link, Nguyén Thi Giang Hé, Pham Thi Duyén, Dao Thi Dung da hd try a8 cudn séch ndy dvgc hoan think. Xin cdm on cdc em hoc sinh da tin tuéng va anh déng hét mink. Chinh sy nd lye va than cong cita cdc em da truy8n cdm hiémg mgnh mé nhdt dén thay. Cm en Véin Anh, Son, Minh, Ha, Bat, Béch, An, Duy, Hodng Anh, Duy, Giang, va hang nghin hoc sinh online 6 trang ledangkhuong.com va hocmaiva. Cam on Céng ty TNHH In va Thuong mai Link Gia va Nha Xudt bn Dén Tri da gidp 46 t6i rét nhi@u trong qué trinh xt ban cuén sdch, Cudi cling, xin chm on ban dang gc eudn sich nay. Chic ming ban 4 twa chon diing! LE DANG KHUONG Trang 43. HUONG DAN DOC SACH HIEU QUA Jam bat tap mau + Hay hiéu ré céc bal tap nay bing mot cfch Lp di lp lai cho t6i khi tc 46 dat trung binh 30 gidy/c&u. Bim may voi t6c 46 trung binh 30 gléy/céu. Vi du lip 10 cdu la 5 phat. Lap 30 cau la 15 phot. Nhiing lan au ban sé lam chm va s6 m&e nhiéu 16i, Hay kién tri khi ban ip lai ‘mdi bai it nhat 10 fan ban sé thay kinh nggc v8 khd ning cia minh. Hay ei hanh dng hét minh nhs. BAI tp ty Iuy@n. Hay lam phn nay sau Ishi hiéu r6 cdc bai tgp mau. Lam xong hay xem 4p 4n phia sau. Hay lam theo phuong phép 30 gidy nhu véi bai tp mu, Saux 30 ngdy hgc itén tue, méi ngay itnhat 2 tiéng, ban chdc chan sé lay dure gécmon Hoa. C6 mOt nhém bi mgt trén facebook ghip tang twong tac gitka hoc sinh va thay. Néw 6 bit ky cu hdi no vé nhiing Kien thiéc trong cudn sch nay, ban hay vao nhém b mat ‘rén facebook, Dé tham gia nhém nay, hay truy c4p vao link sau dé biét huéng dan va0 nhom. hitp:/iedanekhuong.com/bdenlestmby Hay tap trung vao muc tiéu cia ban. Khi ban cdm thay mét mdi, cing thing thi hay xem va am theo video trong link sau: http://ledangkhwong.com//truyen-cam-hung/ Luén nhé LAP LA CHIA KHOA dé thinh céng véi cuén sich nay LE DANG KHUONG Trang 7PHAN 1: KIEN THU'C COT LOL PHAN I. KIEN THUC COT LOI ‘bay lA kin théte quan trong nhat tuy nhién nhiéu ban hoc sinh bé quén n6 va ban duge cho 1a “mat g6c” hodc tu cam nhan nhw thé hogc ai dé néi ban nhw thé. Blu tién ban can hiéu mét sd cing thitc tinh todn co ban nhu s8 mol, nBng &6, thé tich va thyc hinh nhing bai tap co ban dé c6 thé nhun nhuyén céc céng thive nay. Sau a6 ban Kip lai thong xuyén dé nhé né. Tiép dén 1a ban cin nam chéc céch tinh toda theo phuong trinh phan tng. Dé 1a mot kién thite ma bt ky ngwol hoc héa ndo cling phdi cln biét Ban cn phai biét duoc cdc chit phan tmg voi nhau theo ty 1g bao nhieu thi tao ra sin phim va céch tinh kh6i lung, thé tich, nBng d sin pham thu duoc. : Khi ban 43 “kim long” duge céch tinh todn co-ban ri thi ban c&n biét thém nhirng tinh chat hhéa hoc If thi cila cc chat co ban nika. Vay la ban da “c6 géc’ 101 d6. T1ép dén ban cin phat hoc them vé cdc kign thirc ma mt hgc sinh phé thong c&n biét. Ky thi THPT Quéc Gia chi la ky thi kiém tra kign thiic co ban nay. Vay nén hay yén tm lim theo ding 16 trinh nhé. Ban chic ch4n thank cong, LB DANG KHUONG Trang 8PHAN 1: KIEN THOC COT LOI Bai 1: Chia khéa Van nang MOL va cac cong thirc lién quan Cong thirc tinh: Trong dé 36 mol (mol) khdi loong (g) Ms kh6i luong mol phan tte/ nguyén tir (g/mol) Yi iy Tinh s6 mol eda nude trong 180 gam tinh thé muse A (inh bn). Tap Mao Hay hoe theigc long kh6i heng mol nhimg chit die6i Ay vi ching sé ding thudng xuyén trong qué trinh hoc tap cla ban, Nhiéu ban cho rang c® thi da c6 thi cling duge tuy mhién hu thé ban sé khong thé nhanh chong léy lal g6c duoc. Hay dank khoang 30 dén 60 phiit luygn tp, ban <6 thay khac hon ton véi vige m6i lin muén tinh todn Iai phai i tra bang, Néu ban tra nhiéu fan thi tng thoi gian tra bang ciia ban cé thé con mat nhigu hon thot gkan ban hoc thudclong, Néu ban hoc nhém ching moc ngudy nia thi rAtt6t, Hat ban sé tu'kiém tra cho nhau, 46 nhau dé nhé hét bangnay. Gia: Smo! Nabe: Myo = Bang khdi hrgng mol cia mot sé chat thong gap. {™ Chat v6 co (Chat hitu co (a a - (c# ie | Zz a _ [40 B (iz [44 [45 16 17 - beh LE DANG KHUONG ” Trang 9PHAN 1: KIEN THU COT LOL 19 F 23] Na ~~ 24 Mg 26 CoH 27 Galle (-CHi-Gi) 28 Gi | 29 CoH, -CHO, 30 NO Cols, HCHO | 31 P CALNE: (metyl amin) 32 s CH.OH (ancol metylie) 34 355 36,5 _ — 39 0 [| Gi, NaOH 44 (Calls (CHa=CH-CH-} 2 He 8 Gaily 44 N20, COz CHsCHO 45 “COOH, CoHsNH: 46 NOz GHsOH 54 Cale 55 Ma 56 Fe Cite, KOH 38 ~ Catia, GaHsCHO, (CHO)2 385 Natl 60 coy CH:COOK, CaHts0H 61 HCO; oe | NO Call (OH). (etylen glicad 63 HNOs _ 64 CuSO. 6 Za 2 Feo CiHs02 73. CoHSNH: 74 - CHe02 78 Nife-Cii-COOH (glyxin) | [76 GHe02 (6 ANGH)s ] LEDANG KHUONG Trang 10PHAN 1: KLEN THUC COT LOL 80 SO}, NHaNOz, Br 81 SO, GilisOz __ ~_CiHO:, CsHnOH CHis-CH(NA)-COOH (coon): GoHte0s (glyxerol), CoHsCHs (toluen) - ~~ GHaNH; (alinin) CeHOH (phenol) PO; fe el Of, HPO | - 1S0;, H,P0; 38 250, 115P0,, Ca(OH2 [99 “In(OH) 100 Ca0O;, KHCO> CHO 106 Naac0s 107 | Fe(Oti)s 108 Ag 137 Ba fT 135 Agcl 158 Kinds 160 Fe:Os, CuSD, 170 | ‘AgNO; 197 - BaCO; __ BL Fea0s | 233 Bas0y i 342 Al{SO)s | 400 _ Fe{S0); Vi dy 1: Tinh s6 mol ciia 300 gam CaCO; CIAL: go, = HE = 803 mot Meco, 100 Vi dy 2: Tinh khot luong cia 2 mot Fe:(S0s)s 1 oy me nM =2.400 =800 gam M Vi du 3: Tim kim loai X biét 0,5 mol X nang 32 gam. Gia 0= B= B H-o4 = xiacucaong). LE DANG KHUONG Trang 11PHAN 1: KIEN THU‘ COT LOL BAI TAP TY LUYEN Cau 4: Kh6t luong cla 08 mol BaCOs A.157.68 B.128.7 g C1588 D. 13798 ‘Cu 2; $6 mol cia 74,2 gam NazCOs la A.0,8 mol B.0,7 mol €.0,75 mol D. 0,6 mol Cau 3: $6 mol etia 1404 gam NaCl A.2,1mol B.2,2mol €.2,3 mol D.2,4 mol Cha 4: Khéi rong cia 0,9 mol $02 a A.544.gam B.S7.6gam €.58,5 gam D. 59,85 gam. cau 5: Khéi lugng cia 1,2 mol KMnOs la A.173,8 gam B. 189,6 gam 188.4 gam .190 gam Au 6: $6 mol cia 16 gam $ 1a A.04 mol B.0,5 mal C.0,2 mol D.03 mol au 7: Khéi lrgng mol cla hop cht M biét 1,85 mol M ngng 148 gam la A. 60 B. 2738 c. 146.15 D. 132 Au 8: Bigt 0,015 mol ¥ ngng 0,84 gam. Chat YB A Cu B Fe G Zn D. Mn cau 9: Tim chit x biét 0,14 mol X nang 9,1 gam. A. Fe B Cu ak D. in Cau 10: Tinh khdi long mol cia hop chat M biét 0,12 mol M nang 11,88 gam A. 97 B98 c. 99 B. 100 AP AN BAI TAP TU LUYEN «| t 5 6 7 8 9 10 A B D B B B a B D ¢ LE BANG KRUONG ‘Trang 12PHAN 1: KIEN THU'C COT LOL Chie mimg ban da doc dén day. TOl tin chic 18 ban da hoan thanh c6t bal tap khoi dong ‘trén ri diing khong nao? Ban da dat duge 1/3 myc tiéu bai hoc rBi d6. Ching ta cling tigp tuchoc thém 3 céng thére dom gian lién quan dén 6 mol nhé! 1, N6ng a6 mol cdc chat trong dung dich Cong thi ‘Trong dé: n:s6 mol (mol) V:thé tich dung dich (lft) Vi dy 2: Tinh sé mol HCl trong 100 ml dung dich HCl 1M Giak: Veer = 100 ml lit > Muci = Cu.V = 1.0,1 = 0,1 mol Yi du 2: Tin thé tich dung dich HNO; 2M biétsé mol HNO, 1a 0,2 mol He n Gia: Veer Hak Vaer= = = 0,1 t= 100 ml 2 ‘Vi dy 3: Tinh ndng 49 mol cila 500 ml dung dich chika 0,2 mol NaOH. Gidis Cu = BAL TAP TY LUYEN (Cau 1: Thé tich dung dich KCl 1M biét s6 mol KCL1a 0,5 mol La A. 200 ml B. 300 mil €.400 ml D. 500 mi (Cau 2: Tinh thé tich dung dich CuSO. 05M chita 1 mol CuSOx alte 5,05 it c.2itt D.1,5 lit Céu 3: Tinh 38 mol ciia NaOH trong 200ml dung dich NaOH 1,5M 4.02 mol B.0,3 mol €.04:mol D. 0,5 mol (Chu 4: Tinh ndng 46 mol cita 700 ml dung dich chika 0,4 mol 11:50 A.03M B.1,75M c.0571M D.05M Can 5: Tinh nbng 46 mol cia 500 ml dung dich chita 124,8 gam BaClz AIM 5.1,1M c.12M D.LAM (Cau 6: Tinh thé tich dung dich AgNOs 1M chéfa 0,2 mol AgNOs AO Me Bo2iit Co3it D. OF It Cu 7: Tinh s6 mol cia HCI trong 600ml dung dich HCl 2M ALi mol B.12mol €.1,3 mol 2.14 mol Cav &: Tinh s6 mol cila KOM trong 9 lit dung dich KOH 15M A135 mol B. 10,5 mol €.12,3 mol D.14 mol LE DANG KHUGNG ‘Trang 13PHAN 4: KIEN THOC COT LOL C4u 9: Tinh nbng 46 mol ciia 3 litdung dich chéa 5,1. gam AgNOs 4.0.05M B.0,02M €.0,04M, D.0.01M Cau 10: Tinh ndng 40 mol cia 2,5 It dung dich chéa 1,5 mol CuSO, A.01M 3B.03M C.0,6M D.0.9M DAP AN BAI TAP TU’ LUYEN 2 3 [ 4 5 6 | 7 [8 | [els c c B A c | COng tite: Vins = 0.224 (eens ‘Trong dé: n: sé mol khi ‘bibu kign tieu chudn 1a & nblét dg 0°C va dp suit aun. Cit 1 mol khi digu kién tiéu chudin 06 thé tich la 22,4 Itt Vidu 1: Tinh thé tich cia 2,5 mol khi Op 6 dkte. Gidi: V= 25.224 = 56 it Vi dy 2: Tinh s6 mol ctia 02 trong 112 litkh{ 02 & dlkte lca Ae oS mak 224 224 ‘Vi dy 3: Tinh téng thé teh (¢ dtc) eta hn hop khi gdm 0,2 mol CO;, 0,3 mel $02 va 0,15 mol Hi Gidis mar = 0,2 + 0,3 + 0,15 = 0,65 mol + V=0,65.22,4 = 14,56 lit Gidi: V = 0.2245 BALTAP TY LUYEN (Cau 1; Thé tich clia 1 mol khf bit ki & dktc la A.201it. B.22,4 lit. C.25 lit, D. 291i. Cau 2: Thé tich khf (6 dktc) cia 1,2 mol Nz1a_ A. 26,88 lit B. 22,4 lit. C.28 lit. D. 27,78 lit. Cau 3: O dkte, thé tich khi cia 2,4 mol Hala A.52,76 lit B. 53,76 lit. .56 lit. ‘D. 60 lit, Cau 4 Thé tich cia hén hyp khi gm 0,4 mol CO va 0,5 mol CO, 6 dktc 1a ‘A. 20,16 lit. B. 20 lit. C. 24 lit. ‘D. 18 lit. LE BANG KHUONG ‘Trang 14PHAN 1: KLEN THO COT LOL Céu 5: Tinh s6 mol cia Oz biét thé tich & dktc la 28 Mit A.15 mol B.1,25 mol, ©13mol. D.1 mol, ‘Cau 6: Tinh thé tich (6 dktc) clia 42 gam No A.33,6 lit. B, 30 lit. c42itt D. 35,84 It Cu 7: Tinh thé tich cia hén hop khf (Ate) gdm 0.44 gam COs va 1 gam Ha Al2itt B. 11,424 lt. 12,26 tt D.AL2 Mt, Au 8: Tinh 56 mol NOz trong 13,44 lit khi NO: & dite A.04 mol B.0,5 mol €.0,6 mol 3.07 mol. An 9: $6 mol cia 38,08 lit hn hop khi CO, COs, NOs, Hs (8 dtc) la 4.0,7 mol B.1,7 mol, €.1,9 mol D.2mol CAw 10: 16,8 lit chi O2 ¢6 86 mol 1a A.08 mol B.0,75 mol. €.0,65 mol D.05 mol AP AN BAI TAP TY LUYEN i z 3 4] 5 6 7 e 9 10 B | A B | A B c B B Trong 46: me : khéi lweng chat tan (gam) (awe) mmgekh6i lrgng dung dich (gam) Mas = Mysa* My.0 Vi dy 1; Tinh ndng a} % cia dung dich chéra 100 gam NaCl va 300 gam nuée 100 + 300 = 400 gam Gidis_mas = mma Mo = Come = 100% = 202 100% = 259% my 400 Vi dy 2: Tinh kh6i luong dung dich CuSOs 20% chita 12 gam CuSO, m,.100% _m,.100 _ 12.100 Gia: c% = Bx 100% > mas= My % = 60 gam 20 LE DANG KHUONG Trang 15PHAN 1: KIEN THOC COT LOL Vi dy 3: Tinh khdi ltrong Fe,($0«)s e6 trong 50 gam dung dich Fes(SO4)s 12% cose = HL come Mul% _ MC _ 5012 Git: CH= FS 100% mas HEE = = “Tog 8 gam BAI TAP TY LUYEN Cu 4: Tinh kehdi hrong NazSO« ¢6 trong 95 gam dung dich NazSQ« 30% A.275 gam 8.285 gam ©.29,5 gam D.305 gam Cu 2: Tinh kh6i lueng Ba(OH)2 6 trong 60 gam dung dich Ba(OH)2 28% A.15 gom B.32 gam €.168 gam D.40 gam ‘Cau 3: Tinh khdi long MgCl: c6 trong 120 gam dung dich MgClz 15% A.18 gam B.20 gam ¢.25 gam D.15 gam Cau 4: Hoa tan 25 gam CuSO, vio nurée Auge dung dich 20%. Khéi luong dung dich thu auge ta 8.125 gam 100 gam ¢.500 gam D, 200 gam Cau 5; Hoa tan 15 gam NaCl vao 45 gam nude thu duge dung dich cé ndng 46 1a 4.30% B,25% €.33,33% 20% ‘Cau 6: Tinh Kkhdi long dung dich KCl 35% chita 20 gam KCI A.57,14 gam B.52,24 gam 46,97 gam D. 3678 gam Cau 7: Héa tan 45 gam NaOH vio nuéc duge 200 gam dung dich. Nng 46 dung dich sau hi hda tan A.25% B,30% ©.22,5% D.25,5% ‘Cau 8: Hoa tan 28 gam Ba(Oli}: vio 200 gam nude thu duoc dung dich 6 ndng 46 1d A.20% B.12,28% €,30,12% D.32,34% ‘Cau 9: Khdi lugng cia AlCl ¢6 trong 60 gam dung dich AICls 15% A.9 gam B. 10 gam. 12 gam B.15 gam ‘Cau 10; Hoa tan 20 gam SOs vao 150 gam nude thu durge dung dich c6 ndng a 18 A2AS% B.25% C.11,76% D. 14.41% pAp AN BAI TAP TY LUYEN + 5 é 7 o 9 10 ~ Cc A A B A € 5 A D LE BANG KAUONG ‘Trang 16PHAN 4: KIEN THOC COT LOL Bai 2: Xép hinh kiéu héa hoc Tinh todn theo phyong trinh phan ng ‘Trong hoa hoc cé mét khai niém dac trung, 46 1a s6 mol. Vay tai sao ngw6i ta lai ding sé mol? Chéng ta sé lin trong dén bal todn xép hinb nhw sau: C6 8 hink trén va 7 hinh vuéng nhw hinh bén ®@960888 (96 HOR ESB 8 Hay sp xép vao 1 hép nhw hinh bén chicé 2 hinh tron va 1 hinh vubng. Hoi cb thé xép direc tdt ca bao niniéu hop nhu vay? Tra loi: Cach sp xép nhw sau: Vay ¢6 thé xép durge 4 hop theo yéu cau va dw3 hinh vudng. Chiing ta cing lién tuéng t6i bai toan héa hoc: C5 7 nguyen tir Fe cho tac dung véi 8 phan tr HCI. Sau phan eng thu dwrge bao nhiéu phan tir FeC,? Fe _+ 2HC] —> FeCk_+ Hat 6 Cét 1 nguyén tir Fe tac dung v6i 2 phan ttr HC! 48 tgo thanh 1 phén tit FeClztwong tir nhw 1 hinh vudng cling 2 hinh tri xép vao 1 hop vay. Vay c6 tat cd 4 phan tir FeCl. tgo ra va du 3 nguyen tit Fe. Chiing ta thay & day, cdc chat phan tg v6i nhau theo tI lé 6 nguyén tir (phan ti), Nhung néu tinh theo s6 nguyn ti (phan ti) thi phai cé trigu trigu nguyén tie (phan tir) méi duye 1 Lugng cin do dong dém duge vi khot hrong cia ching rat nho be. Nha bac hoc Avogadro da tim ra mt con s6 rit dc biét, 46 chinb 18 s6 mol, khigul2 Na Na = 6,02.10" Dac bigt: Y _Néa Wy kh6i lugng cia 1 nguyén tir Fe nhan v6i6,02.10% thi duoc $6 chin la 36 kh6i cia nguyén tt Fe Y Néu Ky Kh6i hong cia 1 nguyén tie Al nhén v6# 6,02.102 th) duvge 27 china Ia 0 khOi cia Al VY Twongty cienguyén té khéc cling giéng vay Quay tri lai bai todn Fe tic dung voi HCI, thay sé nguy8n tr bing s6 mol ta e6: LE DANG KHUONG Trang 17PHAN 1; KIEN THUG COT LOI ‘Trréng hop 1: cho 7 mol Fe tac dung véi 8 mol HCL Fe_+ 2HC —> FeCh + Hat Ban dau: 7mol 8 mol 0 0 Phan ting: © 4mel-8mol > 4mol > 4mol Sau phan ting:3 mol 0 4mol 4mol ‘Trung hgp 2: cho 7 mol Fe tic dung v6i 18 mol HCL Fe + 2HCL—> FeCh + Hot Ban dau: “7 mol 18 mol a) Phan img: 7 mol »14mol + 7 mol -» 7 mol ‘Sau phan ting: 0 4mol — 7mol 7 mol ‘Trung hgp 3: cho 7 mol Fe tacdung 14 mol HCL Fe + 2HC) FeCl; + Wat Ban dau: — 7mol__14mol c 0 Phinting: 7mol>i4¢mol > 7mol > 7 mol Sau phan img: 0 0 Tmol 7 mol BAI TAP TY LUAN (Cau 4: Cho 11,2 gam Fe tan trong 400ml dung dich HCI 1,5M. a) Tinh nbng 46 mol/ cla céc chit trong dung dich sau phn img. b) Tinh thé tich khi Hb sinh ra (6 atc). Huong dn giai 242 0,2 mol; mucr = 04.15 = 0,6 mol 56 . Fe + 2HCl—> FeCh + Hat | (1) Ban dau: 02 0,6 0 o mol Phinting: 0,2 704 3 02 30,2 mol ‘Sau phan tng: 0 0,2 02 0,2 mol + HCl du, Fe phan tg hét. Sau phan érng cé HCl du-va FeCk 0,2 202 osm: Gy,= 5h Sha = 94 =O5M Cua = 9g = 85M b) V,, = 0,2.22,4 = 4.48 Itt 4 saci pe . Mit 318 nao al 7 Cach 2: So sinh til8s sararteneciare "*Absvphinuegciawal’ 14 mAo nhé hom thi chat 6 phan tng hét, chat con lat du. LE BANG KHUONG Trang 18PHAN 1: KIEN THUC COT LOL He sO phan img, cia Fe Hg 6 phan ng cla HCl t 4 @re + @uci—> rec, + wet (1) Tacd: B= a2 Fer(S0s}s + 320 0,3 mol 0,6 mol 0,3 xereiig: ~ FeO: dur, HaSO. hét ~ dung dich sau phan ting chi ¢6 Fea{S0)a > tps, Fe0s 18 chat rn nén kh6ng tinh nbng a dung dich. ‘Cau 3; Dét chy hoan toan 16 gam S trong ox! vira dd. Tinh: a) Khdi long kei S02 thu durge. bb) Thé tich khé SO2 & dkte. Hwéng dan glai 1 w= 22 0,5 mot mee 05m S_+ 0, —> so, os > 05 mol > My, = 05.64 = 32 gam b)Vjp, = 05.224 = 14,2 hit ‘Cau 4: Cho 10 gam musi cacbonat cia kim loai R ¢6 héa tri II phan eng hét véi dung dich HCI dur Sau phan ting ¢6 can dung dich thu durge 11.1 gam mudi khan. Tim R Hwéng dan giai LE DANG KHONG Trang 19PHAN 1: KIEN THO‘ COT LOI RCOs + 2HCl —+ RCh +H20 + CO: Mot 2. 4 at R+60 R60 Vitilg sd mol cia RCO: va RCh M11 > = JEL _, R- 40 > Riaca R+60) R+71 (Cau 5: Kh hoan toan 20,88 gam FesOy bing khi He vita di. 2) Tink thé tch khi He cin dling (6 dtc). ) Tinh khdi long Fe thu duro. Huréng din gidt 38 = 2088 - 9,09 Peep. “J a9 mol FesOs 4 4H2 —“-> 3Fe_+ 4120 009 > 036 > 0.27 mol 1 36.22,4 = 8,064 lit 27.56 = 15,12 gam aM, b) mre: BAL TAP TRAC NGHIEM Cau 4: Héa tan hodn toan 4,8 gam Mg bang dung dich H,S0, loang, thu duge V It H, (@ktc). Gié tri cla VB A448, B. 3,36. C112. D. 2,24, ‘Cu 2: Dét chay hoan toan Fe trong 10,08 lit khi Cl, (8 Alte] vira du, thu duye m gam FeCl, Gié tri ca m 1a A658. B. 48,75. 325. D. 168. Cau 3: Kn hoan toan 48 gam CuO bang CO dur 6 nhigt a9 cao, Khdt lang Cu thu duge sau phan dng la A.38,4.gam. B. 3,84 gam. C.2.8gam. D. 28 gam. C4u 4: Cho 2.4 gam mét kim logi hod tr Il phan (mg hét voi dung dich HCl du, thu duge 2,24 it He (Akte). Kim loaf 46 18 A.Ca, B. Ba, Csr. D.Mg Cau 5: Cho 43.4 gam BaSOs tac dung hét voi dung dich HCI du. The tich khé sinh ra (& ate} la A448 lt, B. 3,36 ft. C.2,241it, D.1A2Ke ‘Cau 6: Niving thanh sit vio dung dich CuSO 1M. Sau mét thoi gian phan ting khdi lzong. Gu sinh ra [4 0,96 gam. Khoi long sit da phan tng la A. 0,75 gam. B, 0,96 gam. ©.0,84 gam. D. 1,12 gam, au 7 (2015): St chéy hodn toan m gam Fe trong kh Cl, du, thu duoc 6,5 gam FeCls. Gid tri cdma A056, B12. ©.2,80. LE DANG KHONG Trang 20PHAN 1: KIEN THU‘ COTLOI Cau € (2015): Hoa tan hoan toan 65 gam Zn bing dung dich H:S0, lodng, tha duge V lit H, (dktc). Gid tricta Va A448. B.3,36. c.142. D.2.24. Cau 9 (2015): Khir hoan to’n 4,8 gam Fez0, bang CO dur 6 nhiét dQ cao. Kh6l lwong Fe ‘thu dirgc sau phan ting la A. 1,68 gam. 8. 3,36 gam, €.2,52 gam. D. 1,44 gam. Chu 10 (2015): Cho 05 gam mot kim loai hod tri Il phan ‘mg hét véi dung dich HCI du, th ug 0,28 lit Hp (dtc), Kim loai d6 1a A.C. B Ba. €.Sr. D.Mg DAP AN BAITAP TRAC NGHIEM ol 4 5 6 7 o 9 io A B A D A € D D B a HUGG DAN GfAI BAI TAP TRAC NGHIEM Cau 4 = 0,2 mol 24 Mg+H:S0, —+ MgSO, + Het 02 = 0,2: moh > Vy, =0,2.22,4= 4,40 Itt = Dap and cau 2: = 10-08 «0.45 mot 22,8 2Fe + 3Cl; —S> 2FeCh, 045 + 03 ma 162, = 48,75 gam > Ma, 3 bapanB Cau 3: 48 Pao = 3g 7 0-6 mol Cu0 +CO —"+ Cu +C02 06 3 06 = mol + mea= 0,6.64= 38,4 gam 3 Dép an A chu 4: Goi M a kim loai c&n tim LE DANG KHU'ONG Trang 21PHAN 1: KIEN THOC COT LOL 2,24 = 224-0, By 55g 7 Otel M+ 2HCl —> MCh +I 0,1. mol = O01 mol 24 4 O1 cau 5: = 0,2 mol BaSOs + 2HCl —» BaCl + H:0+S027 0,2 mol - 0,2 mol Voy, = 02.224 = 4,48 It > Dip ana Cu 6: 0,96 _ “Gq 0018 mol Fe + CuSO, —> FeSO, + Cu 0.015 . 0,015 mot = mre = 0,015.5 Dap anc au7: Tyas, sos = 0,04 mol » 162.5 2Fe + 3Clz—> 2FeCls 0,04 = 0.04 mot mg = 0,04.56 = 2,24 gam = Dap anD caus: Zn + 2HClL—> ZnClz+ Ht Olmo = 0,1 mol > VY, 20,1.22.4=2,24 Itt + Dap an D cau 9: LE DANG KHUONG Trang 22PHAN 1: KIEN THUC COT LOL Fez0:+3CO —“> 2Fe + 300 003 + 0,06 mol > mre = 0,06.56 = 3,36 gam > pap an’ cau 10: 1,2 "224 Goi kim loai R c6 hoa tri ft R + 2H. —>RCh + Hat =0,0125 mol 00125 mol = 0,0125 mol my __ 05 , oy = M2 05-49 RKC: n, | 00125 “ > Dap ana Chiic mirng ban da hoan thanh v6 bat tap nay! Ban cn thay nhw thé nao? Hay chia sé cém mite cia ban v6i nhiing thank vién trong nhdm trén facebook nhél TE bine RHUONG Trang 23PHAN 1: KIEN THU'C COT LOL Bai 3: 72 phép bién héa than théng: So d6 phan tng cAC HOP CHAT v6 co co BAN 1, OXIT: Lahop chit cia oxi voi mét nguyén t6 khéc. Tinh chat héa hoc co ban Oxit axits La oxit phi kim 6 khd ning tac dung vi bazo tqo ra mudi va nude (hod ob axit tuong ting). Vi du: C02, $02, SO:.. ¥ Técdyng voi nude: S0s+ FO —+ HS0, VY Téedyng véibazo: CO2+2Na0H —> Na:CO; + H20 CO.+ NaOH —> NaHCO. ¥ Técdung v6i oxitbazo: SO: + Ca0 —> CaS02 Oatt Bano: La oxit kim loai c6 bazo twong ting) . Vi dy Na:0, BaO, Fe0. Y ‘Técdyngvéi meée: NazO + H.0 —> 2Na0H Y Téedyngv6iaxit: CaO + 2HC1 —> CaCls + H20 Fe;04+8HCL —+ FeCl: + 2FeCl + 4H20 2FeO + 4412804 se niag —> Fe2(SO,)s +S0z" + 4120 Y Téc dyng v6i oxit axit’ Ba0 + CO: —+ BaCOs Y Cc oxit tit ZnO bj khit bdi CO hodc H: : CuO + Hz —-> Cu+ HO Oxit hwéng tinh: La oxit e6 kha ning tic dung véi c& axit va bazo tgo ra mudi va nude Viddu: Al2Os, C203 Oxit trung tinh (hoc oxit khong tgo mudi): La oxit ma khOng téc dung véri axit hay bazo (hoi khéng e6 axit hay bazo trong ing) Vidu: NO, CO... ia nding tc dung vot axtt tgo ra mudi va ni 2.AXIT ‘Axit thang HCL SOs camp HsPOom | Axitcd tinhoxihéamanh | H:SOvayeinp HNOs | ‘Axitmanh HCL SO, HINGs... ‘Axiterangbink FPO: “Axit yéa HaCOs, HaSOs, HS... ‘Axitdé bay hoi HCl HNO, ‘Axit khéng bay hot FESO. ‘Axit dé bi phan hy HaCOs, H:S02 LE DANG KHUONG Trang 24PHAN 4: KIEN THU'C COT LOI Tinh chat héa hoc co ban Tae dung véi oxit bazo: 2HCl + Cu —> CuCl +20 ¥ Thc dungvéibazo: —-H,S0,+2NaOH —> Na;S0,+2H:0 ¥ Téc dung voi mudi: —HaS0 + BaCle —> BaSO,l + 2HC1 2HC1+ NasCOs —> 2NaCl + COst + H:0 ¥ Tac dung voi kim loal: + Axit thedng: Phan feng voi cc kim loal hoat dong (drng true H) K Wa Ca My Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Po H Cu Hg Ag Pt Av | 2HC1+ Fe —> FeCl, + Hit HCl+Cu —s kkhOng xy ra. + Axit e6 tfnh oxi hda manh: Phan tng voi hiu hét c&c kim loai tgo think mu6i (kim loai ¢6 hoa tricao) + san phim khiy + mirée. 3Cu + BHNOstoine —> 3Cu(NOs)s + 2NOT + 4H20 Fe+ 6HNO3 ax: ning —> Fe(NOs)s +3NOzI+ 3H2O 2Fe + GH2S01 aie ng —> Fea(SOs)s. + 38021 + 6H20 4MMg + LOHNOs —> 4Mg{NOz): + NHsNOs + 3120 3. BAZO’ COng thiic chung M(OH)a inh chat h ¥ Tac dung v6i axit + musi + nude Cu(OH}2 + ZHCl —> CuCl, + 2H20 Y Bazo tan téc dung véi oxitaxit > mudi CO: + 2NaOH + Na2CO3 + H.0 ¥ Bazotantac dung véi mudi — baz m6i + mudi moi 2NaOH + MgCh —> Mg(OH)2l + 2NaCl Y Bazo king tan bj nhigt phaa hiy: Cu(OH: —S> Cu + H.0 Fe(OH): —papabcorr > FeO + 20 4Fe(OH)2 +02 aig > ZF e203 + 4H20 hecee ban 4. MUO Bang tinh tan % Cation: Na’, K*,NH; tan tae Li: tan tat trir LisPOd! Vid: NaxSO«, K2COs, (NH)2504, @ Anion: NO; ,CH,COO™: tan tit LE DANG KHUONG Trang 25PHAN 4: KIEN THUC COT LOI Vi du: Cu(NOs)z, AgNOs, Fe(NOa)s, Mg(CHsCO0)2, Cu(CHsCOO)2, OH”,S* stan Na’, K*,Rbt,Cs* ca Sr, Ba”* Vi du: NaOH, KS, CsOH, Ca(OH), BaS tan Fe(OH), Zn(OH)z, CuS, PbS khéng tan Cl,Bro I": tan trir Ag*,Pb* : ZnCl, FeCl AIBrs, BaBrz, Cal, tan ‘AgCl, AgBr, PbCl: khdng tan Oz", SOF", SiO}: khéng tan tri Na”, K° Rb" Cs" Vi du: CaCO:, MgCO;, BaSO2, MgSi0a khong tan SOF": tan trir Ba’, Ca, Sr2*, Pb? Vi du; BaSOs, PbSO« khong tan CuSO4, NiSOs, MgSO. tan POP: kh6ng tan trirNa’,K*,.NBG Vi dus NasPOs, (NHls)sPOs tan Bas(PO,)z, Cus(PO,): khéng tan Tinh chat héa hoe co’ ban Te dung v6t kim loai manh hon trong mudi: Fe + CuCl —> FeCl, + Cul ¥ Téc dung v6t phi kim manh hon trong mu6i: Cl. + 2NaBr —> 2NaCl + Br: YY Téc dung v6i mudi: NaCl + AgNO: —> AgCll + NaNOs ¥ Tée dung v6i bazo: 3NaOH + AICI; —> AI(OH)s4 + 3NaCl Y Tac dung v6i axit: CaSO; + 2HCl —> CaCl + SOzt + 120 —Chat két tia ‘bleu ign: — Chat bay ho! - ~ Chat dign li yéu 5. KIM LOAI: Day hoat dng héa hoc clia kim loat K Na Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Su Pb H Cu Hg Ag Pe Au (Cach ah6: Khi nao cin may do giép sit ndn sang phé héi cira hing 4 phi au) ‘Tinh chat héa hgc co'ban ¥ Tc dung véi phi kim: 2Fe + 3Cl, —"-» 2FeCls 3Fe +20: "> Fe:0, ¥ Tae dyng véi axit, Tac dung v6i dung dich mudi 6. PHI KIM: ‘Tinh chat héa hge co’ ban Y Téc dung véi kim loai: 2Fe + 3Cl, —-> 2FeCls LE BANG KHONG Trang 26PHAN 1: KIEN THU‘C COT LOI Y Thc dung voi dung dich mui: 2FeCle+ Clk “> 2Fetls ¥ Te dung voi phi kim: 242 + 02 3 2H20 Y Tacdyngvoiaxit Clz+2HBr —> 2HC1+ Bre Hoan thank céc phan tg sau: (?VoN 2 co, «+ caco;~— Ca(HC05), YX ca(or), 2» cacl, (2) CaCO; + 2HCl —> CaCl + CO;1 +20 (2) Ca(HC0.)2 > CaCO: + C027 +H,0 (3) CO; + Ca(OH), —> CaCOs 4 +H,0 (4) CaCOs + COp + HO —> Ca(HCOs}> (5) Ca{HC03)2 + 2HC —s CaCl, + 20027 +2H20 (6) Ca(OH)2 + NagCO; —> CaCOs+ + 2NaOH (7) Ca(OH)2 + CuCl. —+ CaClz + Ca(OH}e+ (8) Cathe +NaxCOs —> CaCOs$ + 2NaCl (9) CaCO3 + 2HCl —> CaCh + C02? + 120 2 2 21 Fe,0;-——FeO _Fe(NO,), == Fe(NO3); $ 2 ; AA | fl 40 (° Ore Fe bo Fe(OH), 2 reon), it Zed 23{|> 54 sol]s7 FeCh “t= Fecl, “eso, HF FeASO9, 24 25 LE DANG KHUONG Trang 27PHAN 1: KIEN THU'C COT LOI (10) 4Fes0. + Ozer "> 6Fe203 (11) Fes, + BHC —> 2FeCls + Fete + 41120 (12) FeO; + 4H2 “> 3Fe + 4120 (13) 3Fe + 20: > Fes0s (14) FeClz + Zn —+ ZnCl + Feb (15) Fe + 2HCL —> FeCh+ Het (16) 2FeCla + Ch—*+ 2FeCle (17) 2FeCls + Fe —> 3FeC (18) 2FeChs + 3Mgay —> 2Fel + 3MgClz (19) 2Fe + 3Cls > 2FeCls (20) Fe + He —“> Fe + H:0 (21) 4Fe0 +0, —*-» 2Fez03 (22) 4Fe(NOs)2 > 2Fe20) + 8NO2 t+ 02t (23) 4Fe(NOs}p > 2Fe203+12NO2t +3027 (24) FeSO, + BaCle —+ FeCl, + BaSO4+ (25) Fex(S0)): + 3BaCl, —> 2FeCh + 38a50. (26) FeSO, + Ba(NOs)z —> Fe(NOs): + BasO4 (27) Fe + Cu(NO:)2 —> Fe(NOs)z + Cut (28) Fe(NO:)2 + 2KOH — Fe(OH): 4 +2KNO3 (29) FeSO, +2NaOH —> Fe(OH)2+ +NazSOs (80) Fe(OH}z + H:80sgoiny —> FeSO, + 2H20 (B1) Fe(NOs)2 + AgNOs —> Fe(NO3): + Ag+ (82) 2Fe(NOs)s + Fe —> 3Fe(NOs)z (83) 4Fe(OH): + 02+ 2H.0 —> 4Fe(OH)s4 (34) 2FeSO. + 2H2SOs sg —> Fea(SO.)s + 80:4 + 2H20 (35) Fex(S0,)) + Cu —+ 2FeSO, + CuSO, (36) Fe,(S0,); + 6Na0H —> 2Fe(OH); 1 + 3Na2SO. (37) 2Fe(OH): + 3H2S0, —> Fex(SO.)s + 6420 (38) Fe(OH): + 3HNO: —+ Fe(NOs); + 3H20 (39) Fe(NO:):+3KOH —> Fe(OH)3l +3KNOs (40) Fex(SO.}: + 3Ba(NO2)2 —> 2Fe(NOs}s +3BaSO.) LE DANG KHYONG Trang 28PHAN 4: KIEN THU'C COT LOI Bai 3: te 47 45 NO; === HNO, ===> 46 48, |e CO, |x HCO, NaNO (41) $0; + 2NaOH —> NaiSOs + H.0 (42) 2HNO; + CaS03 —+ Ca(NO,):+S80;4 + Hz0 (43) 2HNO; + CaCOs —+ Ca(NO)2+ C024 + H20 (44) CO2+ M0 == H2COs (45) HNOs + NaOH —> NaNO3 +120 (46) ZNaNOs w + HzSO¢ ase > NazSO« + 2HNO3 (47) 4NO2 +0: + 24:0 —> 4HINOs (48)Cu+ 4HINO; —> Cu(NOs): +2NO, t +2420 Bai 4: LE BANG KHV'ONG Trang 29PHAN 1: KIEN THO‘C COT LOW (49) 4FeS; +110. “> 2Fe203 +8802 ¢ (50) $0.+2H.S —> 381 +2H,0 (51) $+ 0: “+ soz (52) 2502+ 02 5+ 2503 (53) S0s+H0 —> 1.80, (54) Cu + 2H280.c —> CuS0,+ $021 + 2H20 (55) CuSO.+ Fe —> FeSO, + Cul Bais: ge et oy? 805 Fea(S0a)s Nn “ay Hs 1804 fecl, k os NaS Fe(OH), e n fo ous Foy(S03 (56) $03 + H.O —+ HzS0, (57) 2802 + 02 —a,> 280s (58) S+02 4 S02 (59) StH, > HS. (60) NazS +2HCL —> 2NaCl + HST (61) HS +2Na0H —> NaS + 2H20 (62) NaxS + CuCl, —s CuSL +2NaCt (63) CuS + 4H,S0se —“-> CuSO, + 480; + 4420 (64) 2Fe + 6H2SO,q —+ Fez(S04)3 + 38021 + 6420 (65) Fe2(SO,); + 3Mg ae —> 3MgSO, + 2Fe LE DANG KHUONG Trang 30PHAN 4: KIEN THU COT LOI (66) Fe +S —"5 FeS (67) FeS + 2HCI—s Fech + H.St (68) FeCl, + 2Na0H —» Fe(OH)z| +2NaCl (69) Fe(OH): +2HCl —+ FeCle +2H:0 (70) 2Fe(OH): + 4HzS04.j —-> Fer(SOs)s +SO2t + 6H20 (71) Fex(S0,), + Cu —» CuSO, + 2FeSO, (72) Cu + 2H:S04 a —“> CuS04 +802 + 2H20 LE BANG KHYONG Trang 31PHAN 4: KIEN THUCCOT LOI Bai 4: Ba dang toan kinh dién ‘Trong cdc bai toan héa hoc, ban sé gap ba kiéu tinh toan chinh: Kiéu 1: Tinh theo phwong trinh phan tng ‘Trong kiéu tinh toan dau tién va don gidn nhat trong bai todn héa hgc la tinh theo ti 1g phuong trinh phn tng. Vi vay vide cin thiét truéc hét Ia ban cén bing phan img hoa hoc that chinh xac, sau @6 ban phai tinh toan dwec chat nao hét va chat nao aur? Hay luOn ghl ah6: san phdm luén dug tinh theo chat hét! w= Bai tap mau C4u 1: Cho m gam kim loai Al tac dung véri mat hrgng dw dung dich NaOH, thu durge 6,72 lit khf He (6 kte). Gid tri cia m la (Cho H = 1, = 16, Na= 23, Al= 27) A, 10,8. B.8,1. C54 D.2, Hwéng din gi ‘Trude hét ban cdn tinh s6 mol He theo cng thite: => = 75 4 ‘Sau d6 viét phan ting héa hoc va cin bang: Al+! +NaQH->NaAl0,+3H, + Ban nhin vio tilg PTHH: hé s& cla Alli 1, h sé cita wha 3 nén ta tinh g6 mol Al theo ‘sO mol Hs nhu sau: =0,2mol->m, =n.M=0,2.27=5,4 gam > Dapanc Au 2: Cho 11,2 gam Fe phan ting v6i 300 mL dung dich HzS04 1M (loang) thu durge V it He (dktc). Gid trj cha VIA (Cho H = 32; Fe = 56) A560, B.6,72. C448, D.8,96. Huong din giat Ap dung céng thére m = n.M, ban sé tinh dwgc sé mol eda Fe: mol Ap dung cong thite n = Cy.V, ban tinh duoc s6 mol ctla H2SOs LE BANG KHONG Trang 32PHAN 1: KIEN THU'C COT LO 3 mol Sau d6 viét phuong trinh héa hoc: Fe +H,S0,— FeSO,+H:t 02 03 7, theo tf phan ing ben sé théy Fe hét, 1:80, dur “+ sn phim tinh theo Fe > n,, =n,, =0,2 mol “Vy, =1.22,4=0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (1) = Dépanc Bai tap ty luyén ‘Cau 3: Héa tan hodn toin 16,25 gem Zn bang dung dich H,S0, long, thu duge V lit Hy (Akte). Gia tr etia VI (Cho H = 1 0= 2; In = 65) AA AB. 23,36. ©1412. 5.5.60. Au 4: Hba tan 2,4 gam Mg trong dung dich axit HCI du, sau phan tig c6 can dung dich thi 96 gam muéi khan thu durge Ta (Cho l= 1; Mg= 24; Cl = 35,5) 4.950 gam 8.595 gam €.11,90 gam. 1D. 19,00 gam. 18 S: ThE “ich oxi vita dui dé d6t chay hoan toan 8,1 gam bot Al la (Cho Al = 27; 0 = 16) A672 Ii 8.504 Me 1,68 It. D. 20,16 Kt ‘CAu 6: Trung ho 100 ml dung dich KOH 1M cin ding V mL dung dich HCl 1M, Gid tri ota V RB ALO. B, 100,0. C224. 1.2240. Au 7: Cho 0,94 gam pheno! (GiHsOH) tac dung vita dl v6i V ml dung dich NaOH 1M. Gié tri cia VIA (Cho H= 1, C= 12, 0 = 16; Na = 23) A001. B. 100,00. €.1,00, D, 1000. ‘Cau 8: Khir hoan toan 9,6 gam Fez0s bing CO dur & mhiét & cao. Khdi lugng Fe thu duge ‘sau phan tmg li ( Cho € = 12; 0 = 16; Fe=56) 83,36 gam. B. 6,72 gam. €.252 gam, D. 1,44 gam. ‘Cu 9; Cho 0,5 gam mot kim loal hod tr} {1 phan tng hét voi dung djch HCI du, thu durge 0,28 Ift Ha (Ate). Kim loai dé la ( Cho Mg = 24; Ca = 40; Sr = 88; Ba = 137) A. Ca, B.Ba, Csr. Mg ‘Caw 10: € phan ting hoan toan voi 200 ml dung dich CuSO, 0,5M, cin vira da m gam Fe. Gid tri eda mla (Cho O= 56; Cu = 64) A28. B56 11,2. D.84. Hwéng dan giai caus [ Caud [| Caus | Cause | Cau? | Cane ciud | Ciui0 D a B ae E a | 8B LE DANG KHUGNG Trang 33PHAN 1: KIEN THUC COT LOL Cau 3 cand cau cau6 m=nMn,, = 0,25 mol M65 ‘n+ H,S0, + ZnSO, + Hat ‘Theo tile: my, > Dap énD =0,25 mol—> ¥,, =n.22,4=0,25.22,4=5,6 (L) m=nM ny M=0,1.(24+35,5.2)=9,5 gam 0,1 mol dy = Bay 2041 MOL PMs, > Dap an A m 8163 mol M 27 4Al +302 —"> 2AL0; ‘Theo tile PTHH: m=nM— y= Mg = GB = :09-0,225 mol Vo, -22\4=0,22522,4-5,04 (L) = Bip anB & bai nay ban dp dung cong thite Cy =" ->n=C,.V >V = v Luu ring thé tich duzgc tink theo don vj lit: 1 lit = 1000 ml ‘Trurdc hat ban tinh s6 mol KOH: D6i 100 ml = 0,1 lit > Myo KOH + HCl >KCl+ 0 Theo ti 16: nic: = neo = 0,1 mol n Od Cy.V=10,1=0,1 mol =0,1()=100 mi > bap anB LE DANG KHUONG Trang 34PHAN 4: KIEN THU’ COT LOL can? m 0,94 0,94 M=RM Ni, yoy == HOt MS 1264541641 94 = 0,01 mol (cation +NaQH + CaHsONa + Ho | Theo thé: Moy =Rgp,99=0,02 mot 0.01 Ap dung cong thie C,,=2 > v= 2 = 00g 011) =10 mL “ov Gt cau 2 Phuong trinb tng quat: _ [m.o, +yco—Sameyco, | watts | Feo, +300 2Fe+ 360, | Rg Ee, eM” 5624163 Theo tile: My = Ngo, =2.0,0 112.56 = 6,72 gam m=nM—n, 2:8 0,06 mol 160 12 mol m= nM “pap an & can 9 v0.28 0125 mol 22,494, 2A 224 Goi kim logi la M (M cé6 héa tr] II) nén ta viét PTHH nhwr sau: M+ 2HCl > MCL + Hat Kim loal héa tri Il c M=40 suy ra kim loai dé 1a Canxi (Ca) Dap ana Chu 10 DIV=200 mL = 0,21 Gy =F P00, .V=0,5.0,2=0,1 mol LE DANG KHUONG Trang 35PHAN 4: KIEN THUC COT LOL Fe + CuSO; > FeSO; + Cu Theo HIE: Mp = Reso, 1 mol +m, ~ Dap an B Ban hay lip tal cdc edu trén v6 tec a9 bam may 30 gidy fete Kiéu 2: Hén hop hai chat nhwng chi mét chat phan tng Voi kigu bai toan nay ban can xac dink rO chat nao la chét phan ting, chat nao la chat khong phin tng, Khl xéc @jnh déing bai toan 38 tro aén d& dang nhu ofc bai & kigu 1. Hay xem thém bai: 72 phép bin héa thin thng €6 viét cée phan tmg thudng gp ban nhé! va Bai tap mau Cu 11: Cho 10,0 gam hon hop X gdm Fe va Cu phan img voi dung dich HCI loang (dur), dén hi phan ting xdy ra hodn coln thu dugc 3,36 lit kh Ho (@ktc). Khdi lwgng cia Cu trong 10,0 gam hén hop Xa (Cho H= 1; l= 35,5; Fe~ 56; Cu = 64) A.2,8 gam. B.84 gam. ©. 5,6 gam, D. 1.6 gam. wong din giat Trude hét ban cn xée djnh vj tri cla Fe va Cu so voi Hl trong day hoat déng héa hoc ede kim loi K Na Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb Il Cu lig Ag Pt Au Nhiing kim loai tc dyng véi HCI la nhting kim loai hoat dng (aieng true H) Do a6 Fe phan tng vot HCl cdn Cu khdng phan dng, Cu + HCI - khéng phan feng Fe+2HCl+ FeCl +Fat LE DANG KHUONG Trang 36PHAN 4: KIEN THO'C COT LOI 3:36 «0,415 mol 224 15 mol—+m, =nM =0,1556 > ma= 10-84-16 gam ~ Dép én D cAu 22: Cho 1,62 gam hén hyp X gdm Al va Ag phan ting voi dung dich F250, loang du. Sau kl phn fg etc th dye (4672 le Hs (he), Pan tim kl ng. ela trong hén hgp Xa (Cho H=1;0 = 108) A. 66,679%. B, 33,33%, ©. 50,00%. 3. 53,55%. viwéng din gial Al diing truéc H nén tac dyng véi H:S0, lodng sinh ra khi Ho, dm Ag ding sau H nén khdng phan ting vi H2S0s loang Ag+ H,SO, > Ikhéng phan ing 2al s J+ SR 02 mol» my =n.M=0,02.27=0,54 gam mj, =1,62~0,54=1,08 gam > %m,, =~ sq 100% +2 100% 66,67% > Dépan A Bai tap ty huyén ‘CAu 13: Cho 15 gam hén hop Zn va Cu vao dung djch HCI du, sau khi phan img xay ra ho’n toan thu duge 3,36 ekhf He (aktc), dung djch X va m gam chat ran khong tan. Gid tr} cia m 1a (Cho H = 1; Cl= 35,5; Cu = 64; Zn = 65) A978. B.5,25. ©.487. D. 10,12 au 14; Cho 40 gam bén hop gdm phenol (CsHsOH) va ancol etylic (C:HsOH) tac dung vira ii v6i 200 ml dung dich NaOH 1,5M., Khdi livong cia phenol trong hén hyp du la (Cho H = % 0 = 16; Na=23) 4. 28,2 gam. 8, 11,8 gam, ©.13,8gam. D. 26.2 gam. cau 45: Cho m gam hén hop Al va Cu vao dung dich HsS04 dc, ngudi, dur thu @uge 6,72 lit Khi SO; (Akte), dung dich X va 8,1 gam chat rin khdng tan. Gié trj cia m 18 (Cho H = 4; 0 = = 32; Al = 27; Cu=64) A 16,2. 2.177. GAZL. D273. Cau 16: Cho dung dich X chita hén hyp HCOOCzH; va CHsOH téc dung vita di v6i 300 mi ung dich NaOH 1M thu duro dang dich Y chitam gam mudi. Gid tri elia m 18 (Cho H = 1; Ce = 16) LE DANG KHVONG Trang 37PHAN 1: KiEN THOC COT LOL A204. 8.136. 162. D.17.8, cau 17; Cho 11 gam hén hgp X gm Fe va Al tic dung voi dung dich NaOH du, sau khi phan éing hoan toin thu dugc 6,72 Ift hi Hs (dktc). Kh6i heong cia Fe trong kén hop X la (ChoH=1; 0 = 16; Na=23; Al = 27;Fe = 56) A. 1,2 gam. B.5,6 gam, 2,9 gam. D.5,4 gam. Cau 18; Cho 74,2 gam hin hop AkO3 va FeO; téc dung vira dd 26,96 lit Hl (@ktc) néng tha. urge chit rn X. Khdi lung kim logi e6 trong Xa (Cho H=1; 0 = 16; Al = 27; Fe=56) A.224 gam. B.67,.8 gam. €. 64,6 gam. D. 44,8 gam. Caw 19; BE trung hda dung dich X chita 3 gam axit axetic (CHsCOOH) va 9,2 gam ancol etylic (CcHsOH) clin V ml dung dich KOH 0,5M. Gia tricia V18 (ChoH=1; € =16; K=39) A. 50. B. 100. ©250. D.500. Au 20: Cho 10,08 lit hin hyp khi X ghm etan (CzHe) va etilen (CoH) te dung vita di véi 4,48 Mit khi Ha c6 xtc te Ni, nhiét 49. Cac khi do & dtc. Khét lurong ciia etan cé trong hin hop la (Cho H 1) A. 5,6 gam. 5, 6,0 gam, 7,5 gam. D.7,0 gam. Huwéng din gidi Cauis [Cais [Cauis [caute [caui7 [cauis [cauio | cauzo 5 A B D B c Cau 13 han xét: Zn phan tg vo HCI, Cu khong phan ing voi HCI chitin Kong tan 1& cu Cu+HCI > Ichéng phan tng 2n+2HCl~ ZnCh + Hot =0,15 mol "224 22,4 Theo tilé: ng, My, “+ meu = 15 - 9,75 = 5,25 gan ),15 mol >» m,, =n.M =0,15.65 =9,75 gam = Dap anB cau ld n Cu ,5.0,2.=0,3 mol > Dyson = Ge v Phenol tic dung dwgc voi NaOH, cin ancol etylic khéng phan tmg voi NaOH GHsOH + NaOH ~> khong phan tng | CcHeOH + NaOH — CcH-ONa + H:0 LE BANG KHUONG Trang 38PHAN 1: KIEN THU'C COT LOI Theo tile: Nejaoa=Myapy “0,3 mol >, y,99 =WM =0,3.(6.12+5 +16 +1)=28,2 gam = Dap dna cau 15 C4c kim loat Al, Fe, Cr.. thu dong (khong phan ting) véi H:S0« diac. ngudi va HNO: ec, nul Do 6 Cu phan img cdn Al khéng phan tong voi H.SOs dc, ngudi — chat rdn khong, tan A Al ‘Al+H:SOs¢eicnpon > khong phan ng | [C+ 288044019 ~ CuS0s +50:1 + 28:0 Van224ng, =) 997? 2 22,4 22,4 Theo tilé mg, =e, 0,3 mol —> mg, =0,3.64=19,2 gam =0,3 mol > m= mat mw = 19,2 +8) = Dap and cha 16 On hop gdm mot este va mét ancol, ancol khéng phan ng v6i NaOH cdn este phan img ‘voi NaOH theo PTHH dang tng qudt nhw sau: RCDOR’ + NaOH > RCOONa + ROH Vé mat hinh thite sn phim: nhém RCOO sé di cling v6i Na + RCOONa, R’ sé di cing véi OH > ROH Xac dinh drgc R va R ban sé dé dang viét drgc PTH can thigt. RH RICH, (CH,OH + NaOH khOng phan teng ~) HCOOCzHs + NaOH ~> HCOONa + C:kicOH J Me eecccricnatbiiinrmetnnctenntt V=1.0,3=0,3 mol Mycpona =Pyacn =0,3 mol WM = 0,3.(1 +12 + 16.2 +23)=20,4 gam =27,3 gam 6 day taxée dinh { n, uot macoons = Dapan cae 17 Al tac dung duwge voi dung dich NaOH, Fe khong phan tmg LE DANG KHUONG Trang 39PHAN 1: KIEN THO‘C COT LOI Fe + NaOH ~ khéng phan éng Al+-H,0+Na0H> NaAlo, +n, t 0,2 mol ->m, =n.M=0,2.27=5,4 gam > bapanB Cau 18 K Na Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb Cu lig Ag Cée oxit cla céc kim logi tir Al tré 1én (mau 4) khdng tham gia phan ting nhigt luyén v6i He, CO — Alz0s khdng phan img véi Hs. 4c oxit cla kim loai tir Zn tréy xudng (smu xank) tham gia phan tng nit luyen v6i Ha va CO M,0, +yH,—">xM + yH,0 M,0, +yCO—>xM+yCO, rm, =nM=0,8.56 = 44,8 gam > Dap dn D cau 19 CoHlsOH + KOH > khéng phan eng CH,COOH + KOH + CH,COOK + H20 LE BANG KHUONG Trang 49PHAN 1: KIEN THU'C COT LOL Verron™ = =~ a0 (L)=100 mL mu OF Etan la hidrocacbon no nén khéng tham gia phan tg cong voi H>. Btilen la hidrocacbon khOng no nén cé tham gia phan tng cOng voi | GaHe+ He Iehéng phan tng ) cH, =CH, +H," 9H, -cH, V__10,08 224° 22.4 Mey, =NM=0,25.(2.12+ 6) = =0,45 mol ng, =0,45~ 5 gam r3n. vb4 te db biim méy 30 gidy bu Kiéu 3: Lap hé phwong trinh Vou kidu bai thp nay Bay hewy tert choi vanhanb nade nhé! ping t9 58 lap hé phwong trinh dé tinh ra s6 mol clia timmg chat hngng hode 36 mol 42 cé trong G8 bal 6 tim ra phwong trink ding ~s Baltapmau C4u 21: Cho 8,9 gam hén hgp bét Mg va Zn tc dung v6i dung dich H:SO, long (dix), tha urge 0,2: mol khf Ho, Khoi heong cla Mg va Zn trong 8,9 gam hn hop trén lan hot fa (Cho H= 1; 0 = 16; Mg = 24; S = 32; Zn = 65) A.1,8 gamva 7,1 gam. B.2,4 gam va 65 gam. €.3,6 gam va 5,3 gam. D. 12 gamva 7,7 gam. Huréng dan gial &t s6 mol Mg va Zn Tin lugt Ia x vay. LE DANG KHU'ONG Trang 41PHAN 4: KIEN THU'C COT LOL Ban sé lap de phuong trinh au tian La phuong trink vé tng kh6i lvong cia hai Kim ogi: 24x + 65y=8.9 (1) Mg+H,S0,—> MgSO.+H:t ge ease as ‘Zn+H,SO4— ZnSO. + Hat I “ey n,, =0,2mol—>x+y=0,2 (2) ‘Tir (1) va (2) ban 06 he: Pax + 65y =8,9_ fx=01_ (my, ~0,1.24~2,4 gam x+y=0.2 1” [m,, =0,1.65=6,5 gam > DépdnB CAu 22; Cho 22,2 gam hdn hop X gdm Al va Fe téc dung véi HCl loding du thu duge 13,44 lit khf He (dktc). Khoi hung cia Al va Fe trong X Fan lot 1A (Cho H 27; Cl = 35, Fe = 56) A. 5,4 gam va 16,8 gam. B, 8,1 gam va 14,4 gem. €.11,0 gam va 11,2 gam. D. 168 gam va 5,4 gam. Hung din giai Gol s6 mol cia Al va Fe Rin Iugt lax vay Phuong trinh khdi luong: 27+ 56y=22,2 (1) 2Al + GHC! ZAlCls + 3Eat 3 2 Fe +2HC1> FeCh + Hat v ‘Tir (1) va (2) ban 06 he: Coe =22,2 fo 3 jex+y=0,6 get ~ Dap An A LE DANG KHUONG Trang 42PHAN 4: KIEN THUC COT LOI Bai tap ty luyén cau 23: Trung héa hon hop X gdm HCOOH va CHsCOOH can vita dit 300 mL dung dich KOH 1M thu duge dung dich Y chita 28 gam hén hop hai muéi, Khéi hugng clia HCOOH trong X 1A (Cho H = 1; C= 12; 0= 16; K=39) A46. 8.120. 6.69. D138. 4: Xa phéng héa hoan toan 26,8 gam hén hop metyl format (HCOOCHs) va metyl axetat (CHsCOOCH,) cn 500 mL dung dich NaH 0,8M (vira dii), thu duoc dung dich Y. Khdi lwong cta muéi c6 phan tir khdi lon hon cb trong dung dich Y1A (Cho H = 1; C= 12: 0 = 16; Na=23) 4.13, 2. 16,4. 6.120. D.9,2 Cau 25: Hoa tan hoan toan 29,30 gam hdn hop X gbm K va Ba vio nwéc dir thu age dung ch ¥ va 6,72 lft kt He (Ate), Phin tram khéi hrong Ba ¢6 trong X la (Cho H= 1; 0 = 16; K= 39; Ba=137) 4, 46,76%. B. 53,2496. €.9351%. B. 649%. ‘cou 25: Khir hoan toan 39,2 gam hén hop X gOm CuO va FesOs cn vira dd 13,44 lit CO (Aktc) thu duge chat ran ¥. Khéi lugng Fe 6 trong ¥ la (Cho € = 12; 0 = 16; Fe = 56; cu=68) A112 gam, B.33,6 gam, © 168 gam. D.5,6 gam. Cu 27; Hoa tan 23,9 gam hén hop bot BaCO; va MgCOs trong nurée c&n 3,36 lit C02 (€ktc), Kh6i legng cita BaCOs trong hin hgp [a (Cho C = 12; 0 = 16; Mg = 24; Ba = 137) A,19,70 gam, B.9,85 gam. ©.14,77 gam ©. 13,79 gam, ‘Cau 23: Cho 88 gam hén hop X gdm Mg va MgO tac dung vira du voi 2 lit dung dich HCL 0,3M thu durgc dung dich Y, Khoi lreng Mg c6 trong hon hop X 1a (Cho H= 1; 0 = 16; Mg =24;Cl = 35,5) A.4.0 gam. B24 gam. C72 gam, D.48 gam. Cu 29: Dé téc dung hoan toan v6i 15 gam hin hop X gdm Cu va Al c’n vira dii 31,95 gam Cla, Khdi long cita Cu va Al tronghén hop lin lirgt la (Cho Al = 27; Cl = 35,5; Cu = 64) 4.9.6 gamva 5.4 gam. 8.12.8 gam vA2,2 gam. ©, 10,95 gam va 4,05 gain, ©. 6.4 gam va 8,6 gam. Cu 30; Cho 48,25 gam hin hgp X gbm CuSOs va FeCh téc dung via di v6i 350 ml dung ich NaOH 2M thu duoc m gam két ta. Gia tri ciia m Ia (Cho H'= 1; O = 16; Na = 23; $ = 32; (l= 35,5; Fe=56; Cu = 64) 498. B. 10,7, 6303. D.3L2. Huéng din giai cau cau23 [ Cin2e | cau28 | cau26 | cauz7 | Ciuze | Cauz9 | Causo A B A ¢ a D a € LE DANG KHUO'NG Trang 43PHAN 1: KIEN THUC COT LOL Cau 23 Voi phan ting trung hda gia axit hiru co va bazo, ban nh PTHH dang tong quat hu sau; RCOOH + KOH ~ RCOOK + #20 Voi R la H taco axit HCOOH va viét duge PTHH HCOOH + KOH > HCOOK+H.0 Xone Kae X V6i R la CH ta cé axit CHaCOOH va viét dwoc PTHH, CH,COOH + KOH > CH;COOK + H.0 y > ymn->y Ggi 96 mol cia HCOOH va CHsCOOH lin lugt x vay Ngo =Cy-V =1.0,3=0,3 mol->x ty =0,3 (1) Hai mudi trong dung dich Y la HCOOK va CHsCOOK: 84x + 98y = 28 (2) ‘Tie (1) va (2) ban cd hé: x+y =0,3 X=0,1 [Moon > > 84x+98y =28 |y=0,2 ” [Mearcou > Dap ans cau 24 Véi phin img xa phong héa cila este, ban nhé PTHH dang tng quat RCOOR’ + NaQH + RCOONa+R'OH | 1.(1412+162+1)=4,6 gam 0,2.(124+3412+16.24+1)=12 gam ‘Voi HCOOCH ta xc din ff a + CH, HOOOCHs + NaOH HCOONa + CHOW R: CK Voi CHsCOOCHs, ta xac dinh i os (CHsCOOCHs + NaOH + CHsCOONa + CH,OH LE BANG KHUONG Trang 44PHAN 4: KIEN THU‘C COT LOI Goi s6 mol ciia HCOOCH vi CHsCOOCHS trong hdn hop du Pin lot Bx vay Phuong trinh kh6iluong: 60x +74y=26,8 (1) Myon =Cy-V =0,8.0,5=0,4 mol x+y =0,4 (2) ‘Tir (1) va (2) ta 06 he: 60x+74y=26.8 _ [x=0,2 3 x+y =0,4 = bap anB > Me coons =0,2.(12 +3412 + 16.2+23)=16,4 gam Goi s6 mol ciia Kva Ba trong X Van lugt Ia x vay Phuong trinh khdilwong: 39x+137y=29,3_ (0) x sx | Bat 2H20— Ba(OH)2 + H2t y~ yg =n 82 “22,4 22,4 ‘Tir (1) va (2) ta che: a =0,3 mol Paty =03 @ ~ bApan A can 26 M0, +yCO—\+xM+yCO, Goi s6 mol ciia Cu0 va Fes0s trong hin hop X lan lugt a x va y Phuong trinh kh6i rong: 80x-+ 232 = 39,2 (1) Cu0+Co—*+Cu+Co, Kono x wax Fe,0, +4CO—"93Fe+4CO, oy - LE DANG KHVONG Trang 45PHAN 1: KIEN THOC COT LOI ropa te 16 mol-> x+4y=0,6 (2) ‘Ti (1) va (2) taco he feeneete, eas =nM=0,2.64=12,6 gum xt4y=06 y=01” |m,,—nM=0,1.3.56=16,8 gam = Dapén cau 27 Goi s6 mol BaCO3 va MgC0s trong hin hop lan lurgt Lax va y Phuong trinh kh6i lwong: 197x + B4y=23,9 (1) BaC03 + C0; + H20 > Ba(HCOs)2 Xo ‘MgCO; + CO: + H20 > Mg(HCO:)z V_ 3,36 Mo “224 22,4 ‘Tir(1) va (2) ta c6 he (a +B4y =23,9 fete xty=0,15 y =0,05 > Dapdn A cau 28 Goi s6 mol ciia Mg va MgO trong hdn hop X ln lurgt a xvay Phuong trinh khéi hong: 24x + 40y = 8,8 (1) =0,15 mol>x+y=0,15 (2) Mga, =2M =0,1.(137+12+16.3) 9,7 gam Mg + 2HCI-> MgCle + Hat xe 2x MgO + 2HCI— MgCl: + H:0 you>2y Nye; =Cy-V =0,3.2=0,6 mol 2x+2y =0,6 (2) ‘Tir (1) va (2) ta c6 he: z fearsaor=o8, x=0,2mol_, [amy =240,2=4,0 gam |ax+2y=0,6 ~” |y=0,1 mol” | myo =40.0,1=4 gam > Dap anD cau29 Goi 96 mol cia Cu va Al tronghén hop X Tin lwgt lax vay Phuong trinh khél lueng: 64x +27y = 15 (1) LE BANG KHUONG Trang 46PHAN 1: KIEN THU‘C COT LOL Cu+Cl, “CuCl, xox 2AL43CE, "> 2Alc1, yoy 2 45 (2) fo 35.52 ‘TW(1) va @)ta ob he eta 2 Tuts 15 _ {mm,, =0.15.64=9,6 gam > ~ y-02 Sy 0.45 my «0,227 25,4 gam = P4panad Goi sé mol ciia CuSO. va FeCls trong X lan lugt 1a x va y Phuong trink Khoi lwong: 160x + 162,5y = 48,25 (1) CuSO, + 2NaGH— Cu(OH) 21 + NazSO, FeCl; + 3NaOH ~ Fe(OH)ss + 3NaGl FORRES “ey Dy.oy =Cy-V =2.0,35 =0,7 mol—>2x+3y =0,7 (2) ‘Tir (1) va (2) ta 06 hé: 160K +162,5y= 48,25 fx=0.2__ {Meyon, =0,2.98=19,6 gam 2x+3y=0,7 920.1” [Mpcop,, =0,1.107=10,7 gam > m=19,6410,7 =30,3 > Dap ane Ban hay i ‘én v6t thc a6 beim may 30 gtdy/cau LE DANG KAUONG Trang 47PHAN II: HOA HOU CO’ Bai 5: KIEN THUC NEN TANG HOU CO’ ‘Trong héa hitu co thi céc kién thie sau la kign thie vO cling cde 1OL Vige nam chic cae ign théte ndy i& nBn ting cla vigc lim chit mén Héa. 1. Ding phan 2. Danh phap ( se duoc chia sé day dui trong timg bat) 3. Phan tng chay Ching ta cling khémm phé no! 1. Khai ni@m D6 khéng no: DO khOng no (6 bat bao hda) ta ting s6 len ket (72) vd vong (¥) cla agp chde héru coz C.H,0,N, k= nty= t2oy +t Vi Celly hod CyH,0, : ke mtv = ol Lign két don gb: 1 ith két o (xich ma) c2c Then kee adi gona Len kéca va Lon ket a C=C Lign két ba gO: 1 én keto va 2 lidn két 1 = c&c Hach vang Vidu: Catt che JS, Ls H¢ —a K(higu tam gide trén 6 nghia la mdi dinh 6 1 nguyén tir cacbon, mdi dogn thang 1a 1 én Kt, Cacon héa tri 1V, Oxi héa tr hiro ha tej Vidu: a => chicé lién két 6 H-C-H 4 >cOLhenkétr: — CHa=CHe R= 1,V=0: CHy=CH-CHy A LE DANG KRUONG ‘Trang 48 oo R= Ojv=PHAN II: HOA HOU CO" ve (khong xét) ng dung cita 49 khéng no: -Viét dng phan, + Tinh toan phn ting chay. - Xéc dinh céng thitc cu tao, nhém chitc, céng thiécténg quét (CTTQ). a) Ung dung viét ding phin Hidrocachon: Bue 1: Tinh k, xem c6 lién két rhode vong hay khong Bue 2: Tinh theo thé tyr sau: © Mach Cacbon v khong nbénh ¥ nhanh vong © Thay déivi tt lién két dé}, ba Vi du: Viet cac dbng phan cau tao cia céc chat c6 CTPT 1a: Calo Buée 1: Barra = 0 => Iching.cé lién két x hodc ving Khéngnhénh C-C-C-C Bu6c 2: Mach Cacbon _ { 6 nhanh ¢ ‘ < LE DANG KHONG Trang 49PHAN Ii: HOA HOU CO" Chit f: Vide C - C - € ~ C 58 higu 1a Cs ~ CH2 - CHa ~ CH; do hidro (H) qua mhiBu nén vige 'b6 H Khi viet dOng phan sé nhanh hon trong thi trdc nghiém, Néu mudn viét day dit ta chi can léy héa tr] ctia cacbon (C) la {V trix di s6 lién két xung quanh C, con lai la sé hidro. 4-22,thém2H a Vidyt: C-C-C-C =>CH,-CH;-CH.-CH, | them 3 HL cHc-c > CHACH CH é CH; Vi dy 2: S6 dng phan céu tgo cilia céc chat c6 ciing cng thitc phan tir CsHy2 1a: BA ct D.S => Khéng c6 lién két w hoac vong. 2 Buc 2: Viet mach Cacbon ~ Mach khhdng nh: 41)C-C-C-C-C ~ Mach nhdnh: Mach chinh 4 Cacbon, Lnbank; 2) C~C—C—C - § Mach chinh 3 Cacbon, 2 nhénb: 3) C-¢-€ Mach vong: Cée ankan khéng e6 a®ng phan mach © yang, => G03 Ong phan = Dap 4nd ‘Vi dy 3: S6 dong phan cau tao cla cac chat co cling cng thirc phan tir Cota, 1a: AS B.6 C4 D.2 Huéng dan gidi Buec 1: k= 222-4 «9 <> khong c6 lien két ehoae vong. 2 Buréc 2: Viét mach cacbon -Machkhéng nhdnh: = 1) C-C-C—C-C-C - Mach nhanh: 2) C—C-C-C-€ 3) C-€-C-C-C Mach chinh § cacbon, L nba: ¢é ¢ Mach chinh 4 cacbon, 2 abiinh: c 54 dng phan 4) c-¢-c-C 5) ¢-C-C-C ¢ ce LE DANG KHUONG Trang 50PHAN I: HOA HOU CO" > Dap an A ‘Vi dy 4: $6 dng phan clu tgo cia cde chat o6 cong thite phan tik Catls La: AL R2 3 Da Huong din gidt 2342-6 cs Bue 2: Viét mach cachon ¢ Tretng hap i Buée1: rt 6 1 lign két x hoge 1 vong. > 6 lién két d6i trong phan tir => co Ong phan anken: =Mach knéngabénh: = C—C=C Mach nhanh: Vi s6 cacbon => Ithdng c6 ding phan ankon mach nhanh, : > ¢6 dng phan mach vang: -Vong: CaHn v6i n= 3.c6 1 dng phn mgch vong: AN => C62 dng phan ~ bap anB iu 5: $6 dng phan céu tao ca céc chat 6 cong thiée phan tit Cate a a5 a4 C6 D2 Riréng dn gid Bube t: k= 244278 «1 25 061 nenkétmhoge 1 vong, 2 Buc 2: Mach cacbon ¥ ‘Towing hyp 1: m= 1 => 06 én két Adi trong phan tir => C4He c6 cc @ng phan anken sat ~ Mach khéng nhanh: Thay di vj trf n6i déi trong mach cacbon ta durge céc dng phan cacbon mach khong nhanh: 1) C—c-—c=c 2) C—-C=C-C ‘Mach nhanh: mach chinh c6 3 cacbon, 1 nhanh: vv Trwang hop 2:v=1 => e6 dng phan mach ving: = Vong CeHs 06 cae dng phan sau: ‘Vong 4 canh: 4) ‘Vong 3 canh va 1 nhanh: 5) A C6 5 dBng phan > Dépan A Vi dy 6: S6 dng phan céu tao ciia cae chat c6 cng thite phan tt CsHm0 Bs 410 Bo cs D7 Huéng dan gidi Boe 1: k= 254210 | = 06 1 Hen ket whodc 1 ving, z LE DANG KHONG Trang 51PHAN II: HOA HOU CO’ Bur6c 2: Mach cacbon ¥ Truong hop 1: w= => ¢6 lin két di trong phan tir => CeHio c6 cdc déng phan anken sau: ~Mach thang: 1) c=C-C—C~C 2) C-C=C-C-C Mach nhénh: C6 3 dng phan mach nhanh (mach chinh ¢é 4 cacbon va 1 nhénh) 3) c=c-C-C 4) c-C=C-C 5) c-C-C=¢ Cc c c ¥ — Trudng hop 2: v= 1 => ob ding phan mach vong: = Vong Csthiocé cae dng phan sau: Vong S canh: 6 Vong 4 canh, Inhénhs 7) LT 8) DA oL- 10) LK =>C610dingphin = + DApANA Vi dy 7:56 dng phan cfu tao cia cic chat o6 cOng thee phidn tr Catia la A13 B.18 C22 D.19 Huwéng dan gidi Vong 3 canb, i obénh va 2 nhauh: Bude 1: k => 06 1 lien két w hoge 1 vong. 2 Buéc 2: Mach cacbon ¥ Trudng hop 1: w = 1 => ¢6 lién két di trong phan tir => Ces 66 céc dong phan anken sau: = Mach khéng ahanh: a C=C-C-C-C-C 2) C-C=C-C-C-C 3) CC + Mgch nhanh: ‘Mach chinh 5 cacbon, 1 nhank: A)C=C-C-C-C_S)C-C=C-E-C 6) C“C“C=E-E 7). C“C“C~C = c c c c ‘Mach chinh 4 Cacbon, 2 nhanh: =C-C-C € 9)¢-C=c-C 10) ¢~¢-c=C cc Cc ¥ ‘Trvong hop 2: v= 1 => c6 dng phan mach vong: LE BANG KEUONG Trang 52PHAN Ii: HOA HOU CO" - Vong GHz: Vang 6 canh: 11) CO Yong 5canh,1nhénh; 12) Co Vong 4 canh, 1 nhanh va 2 nhanh: 3 ee) 15) 16) Yong 3 canh, 1, 2 va 3 nhanh: mA» wmAQO » De 18) 19} 20) AVN aay a 2 /\ =>05 22 dongphan > Dapan ‘Vi dy 8:56 dOng phan ciu tao, mgch hd cia cée chat o6 cOng théte phan ti CoH la Aa B.2 C3 Da Huong dn gial BE+2O4 2 o> 06.2 lidn két x (2 litn két dO1 bode mot ign két ba), chi xét Buéet: mach hé nén v= Bu6c 2: Mach cacbon -Mach khéng nhénh: C™ ~ Mach nhanh: Vi s6 cacbon n = 3 => khdng cb dong phan ankin hogc ankadien mach nan, => (62 ding phin > Dap anB Vide 9:56 dng pin edu lgo, urge he eda cic cht c6 Ong Unde phn tir CaHe 1a: Ad B3 G2 Dit Hwéng din gidi As Buéc 1: k 2 => 06 2 lign két x (2 lién két 461 hoac mét lién két ba), chi xét mach hé nén v= Bw6c2: Mach cacbon. = Mach thang: Thay di vi tri cfc n6i doi, ndi ba ta thu direc cae ding phan mach thang: 1)c=c—c-c 2)c-c=c-c 3) —C 4) C=C-C= LE DANG KHUONG Trang 53PHAN i: HOA HOU CO" - Mach nhinh: Vi sé cacbon n = 4 => khéng cé dng phan ankin hoje ankadien mach han. =>Co4ddng phan Dap an A Vi dy 10; $6 ddng phan cau tgo, mach hd cba céc chat c6 cOng thitc phan tit CsHHs las A6 B7 cs D9 Huong dan giai 2. 42-8 2 mach hénén v=0. Buc 2: Mach cacbon ~ Mach khéng ahah: Thay ai vj tr{ cdc néi déi, ndi ba trong mach ta thu duge cdc déng phin ankin va ankadien: Buoe t: k= <2 => 06 2 lidn két 1 (2 lién keét A0i hdc mOt lién két ba), chi xét 2) c—c=c—c-c 5)C=C—C—C=C - Mach nhdnh: Viét cc dbng phan mach nhanh gdm mach chinh 4 cacbon va motnhénh: => Co9 dong phan > Dap anD LE BANG KHUONG Trang 54PHAN i: HOA HUU CO’ PHAN UNG CHAY Phan tmg chay la phan tg chiém tét 60% cac bat tap trong héa hiru ce. Viena chic cdc kién thre nay sé gidp em nhanh ch6ng lam chd phin tink toan phitc tap. Hay don gin héa nhéing bai toan khd bling cich hoc that kj va bm mAy sao cho tBe 46 dat trang binh 30 giay/cau. Phan tng a6t chay: lnsy rast = me 12°16‘ i4 Hote Het. WIN, - YetMy | a2 4 46 a4 rdierd © CBng thite don gian nhat (CTBGN) cla X18 CH,O.Ne © Congthttc phan ti (CPT) ca Xa (CHsONs), My= (12aeb+16c+14d)n => CiHiyOsNe Gach 1: Céch 2: CoHyO.Ne + (x +4 —5)02— xCO2+2H20 +5Ne we & mol a mate te Bao toan nguyén té: im, +m, = Mp, +M,.+m, (5) mg =m, +g + My +1 o) Bao toan khdt lwong: Khi cho sn phan chéy di qua dung dich Ca(OH)2 hod Ba(OH): Néu Ca(OH}, hode Ba(OH) dur =>[Reo, = Myc] OAC cach 3: 2 Diang 49 khong no (¢.H,0,) k= 22-2). ¢c,t,0.Ng © Cong thite phan tir ciia X 1a GyHore22i0- Gablane2-2x02 + AO2 > NCO? + (n+L-K)H:0 a na (ntL-kja LE DANG KHUONG Trang 55[k= O=> ng, , Nyy Neg f ankan, ancol, ete no, mach hi k=1= tq, =f anken, andehit, xeton,axit, este no, dom cite, mach he. 1, co, ~My] :ankin, ankadien le = 2 Weg, > Bagg =, = Pe Au 4: Hop chit X c6 phan tram khéi lang cachon, hidro va oxi lin luot bing 48,65%, 8.11% va 43,249. Khdt lugng mol phan ttrcita X bing 74,0 g/mol. COng thitc phan ti nao sau day ting véi hop chat X? A.CoH.O B.CoH.O. C.CaHOr D. CHO. Hwéng dan giai Goi cOng thiéc phan tir cha X12 CHO: 4,05 : 8,11 : 2,70 Aso3s 1 Vay cOng thie don glan nhat cita X 1a CaHl Vay cOng thite phan ti cla X 18 CaHeO: > Dip an Cau 2:DSt chéy ho’n to’ mgt ancol don chitc, mach hi X thu duoc 6,72 lit kh COs (Aktc) va 7.20 gam H.0. COng thitc phan tir cia ancol X A.C3Ht0. B.CoHts0. C. Calls0. D, Calle0. Hwéng din gidi en, Myo > ancol XA ancol no, Goi céng thie cia ancol no, don chite, mach hé 13 C,H2s-sOH C,Ha,10H +320,—"»nc0, +(n+1)H,0 >n=3 ~ cing thite cia X 1A CoH/OH hay C3Hl0) LEDANG KEUONG Trang 56PHAN U1: HOA HOU CO" > bapana (Cau 8: Dét chay hodn toan hn hop X gm hai hidrocacbon ké tiép nhaw trong day ding ang, thu dunge 2,24 Iit khi CO: (kte) va 3,24 gam H20. Haf hidrocacbon trong X 18 Ay Calle Va Cats, 1B, CHe va Colle C. Cathe va Cally D. Cafe va Cotte Hinréng dan giai 3,24 0,1 MOL Do hai chat1a dong dang hin tiép nén hal chat la CHs va Coe + Dépans ‘Cau 4; DOt chdy hoan ton 6,96 gam bai ancol no, don chirc, mach héX va Y (Mx < My) can vita dit 0,36 mol 0,, Céng thie phan tie cia X va Yin lugt la ‘A, CHSOH va CHsOH. B, CoHsOH va CsH-OH. © CaH:0H va CaHo0H. . CaHlsOH va CaltOH. Hwéng din gidi Goi cng thute chung cita hat ancol no, don chic, mach hia C,H; 0H Cit;,04 + S20,—+nco, +(n+2)H,0 2 se 0,36 1an+18 ‘Theo ti Ié phurong trinh: 696M o6-sn=12 Tanei6°2 Vihai ancol la déng dng Ké tigp nhau nén ancol X 1a CH2OH va ancol Y 1a C:He0H = Dapana Au § (B-08): Dét chay hoan toan 1 lit hén hop khf gdm Colt: vahidrocacbon X sinh ra 2 Iit khf CO2 va 2 Itt hoi H20 (cdc thé tich khi va hoi do cing diéu kign nhiét 45, 4p suit). Cong thiic phan ti cta X la ACH BCH, Gch. D, CHa. Huréng din gia: ‘THI8 ve thé tich cting chinh la til@s6 mol Vi Golf: 66 2 Cacbon nén trong X cing phal c6 2 Cacbon -+loai C va D LE DANG KHUONG Trang 57PHAN I: HOA HOU CO Vin Vi Caflz 66 2H < 4+ Xcé nhiéu hon 4H > Dap an A ‘CAu 6 (B-12): Bét chay hoan ton hén hop X gdm hai hidrocacbon (ti !é sé mol 1: 1) c6 Ong thie don gian nhat khéc nhau, thu dwyc 2,2 gam C02 va 0,9 gam H.0, Cac chat trong xa A.mptankan va mgt ankin, Bhai ankadien. D. mt anken vamét anki, Huong din gidi 08 mol 08 0,05 mol 18 ~ hai anken 1g, =Myo ~ trong X gdm} mBt ankan va mét ankin ~mot ankan va mgt ankadien Vihai hidrocabon cd cOng thc don gién nhdt khécnhau nén loai Kha ning hai anken Dap ina cau 7 (CB-12) : Bt chay hoan toan hdn hop X gbm hai hidrocacbon ké tiép nhau trong day dong dang, thu duoc 2,24 Mt khf CO2 (dktc) va 3,24 gam HzO. Hal hidrocacbon trong X a A.CoHe va CoH, B.CH,va Ce Gath va Cals. D.CiHy Va CH. Huong din gidt gg, Mx), thu duoe 11,2 lit Khi CO2 (Aktc) va 10,8 gam H20. Cong thite cita Xia ACaHs B.CHe ©. Calle. D. Calla Hwéng dan gidi p bio toan nguy8n td oxi, nghfa Ia s6 mol oxi ruse hang kh) bang s6 mol oxi saw phan ting (c6 trong Vv 12_ ViMy> Mx + X 06 86 C<1,67 va H <4 X18 CH > Dap An B. (phuong phap trén durge got fa phwrong phap trung binh, throng duoc strdung trong céc bai todn hdn hep!) LE DANG KAVONG Trang 59PHAN Il: HOA HOU CO" Au 10 (CB-08) : Détchdy hoan toan hbn hop M gdm mét ankan X va mptankin Y, thu: durye s6 mol C02 bing sé mol H,0. Thanh phan phan tram vé s6 mol ciia X va Y tronghén, M Bn lot a A.75% va 25%. B, 20% va 80%. C.35% va 65%, D.50% va 50%, Huéng dan gidi Goi cong thie phan tircia ankan la CyHan2 COng thitc phan tir cita ankin la Cottam CHa 220, + (0-+1)H,0 xonoon ne m= > (n+ 1x CgHyg.2 22+ MOO, +(m=1)H,0 y- > my——>(m-lly ‘Theo dé bai neo, no Nén ta cé phirong trinh nxt my = (n+ 1x4 (m- Ly >x=y $6 mol cia X va ¥ bing nhau nén phan tram s6 mol cia X va ¥ 1 50% va 50% = Dap anD ‘cau 14: B6t chay hoan toan 20 ml. hoi hip chat hitu co X (chi gm ¢, H, 0) cin vira du 110 mL khi0,,thu urge 160 mL hbn hop ¥ gbm khf va hoi. Dén Y qua dung dich HzSO, dic {qu), con Iai 80 ml. Khi 2. Biét cdc thé tich Kei va hoi do & cing didu kiga. Céng thie phan tiroila Xl AL CAH. B.CyH00 C. Cotig0- D, CaO. Hwéng dan glai ‘Tig thé tich cing chinh la tiIé 56 mol ta coi nw thé tich [a mol trong tinh toan: Dya vio dit kign 4 bai: 7:CO, =80mol > H,0=160-80=80mol Bao to’n nguyan t6 0: any, Goi cng thite: X:C,H,0, >) y=—"S = > pap and Phuong phép béo toan nguyén 6 oxi: s6 mol oxi true phan img (6 day Oxi cé trong O2 khong khi va O c6 trong X) bang s6 mol oxi sau phan ‘eng (c6 trong C0; va H:0) LE BANG KHUONG Trang 60PHAN II: HOA HOU CO" BAI 6: HIDROCACBON ANKAN LLY THUYET 1. Day dng ding ‘ Day dong dang ankan(parafin) gdm: CHs, CoH, CaHe.... % Cong thére chung: CyH2952 (82 13 & Trong phan tir ankan cli cd 2. Danh phdp Ankan mach khéng phan nhan! Gécankyl: & Goitén a kEtdon, ‘H¢metan, Colts etan, CsHs propan... CH, metyl, -CH,-CHs etyl, -CH:-CHz-CHs propyl... ankyl) + > Mach chénh: mach cacbon dai nhSt va ahiéu nhénh nhs. > Dénh sé thet tw cacbon mach chinh: bat dau tir phfa gan nhSnh hon. > S6chi vi tri nbanh: bang sé thw ty cacbon ma nhanh lién két. > Néunhidu nhnh: got tén mach nhénb (tén nhém ankyl) theo thie ty vin cht efi > Néunhi’u nhdnh gidngnhau thi thém ti8n t6 di, tr, tetra, ..trwée tn nhdnh, Vedy: Hy- CH, -CH-CH -CH, te ta CH ¥ Bués 1: Xéedinh mgch chink © Céch a: Mach chinh c6 5¢ (img voi pentan),2 nhénh—> Bing. © Cach b: Mach chin c6 SC (ting v6i pentan), 1 nhanh —> Sai. W Buée 2: Dinh s6 thé ur “Bude 3: Xéednh tén nhnk va vj trf nhanh: nhém —CHy metyl & vj tri the 2, mh6m ~CoHs etyl 6 vi trithir3 Y Buée 4: Gol ten: 3-styl-2-rnetylpentan ( © dig tnréc rs trong hang chit cAi). + Biccacbon: durgc tinh bing 96 lién két cia cacbon voi nguyén ti cacbon kha. Vi dy:xét chat 3-etyl-2-metylpentan trén © Cacbon bac 1: C1, Cs. © Cacbon bac 2: Cas. LE DANG KHUONG Trang 61PHAN 1; HOA HOU CO" * Cacbon bac 3: Cs 3. Tinh chat vjelt @ O dieu kien thudng ti Ci, 4én Coli LA nhieng chat kh, Con lai la chat long hoac chat rin, Tét cd ankan hu nhue khéng tan trong auée. 4, Tinh chat héa hoc Phan dng thé bo4 halogen a CH,CH,CH,Cl+ HCL Gnyeu,eH, + cl; aC ‘Sin phim ph CHs- CH -CH, + HCI a Sin phim chink » Nguyen uk hidre én két véi nguyen Uk cackon bie cao hon dé bf the hen nguyen th hidro lidn k6t vb nguyén tik cacbon bac thélp hon. ~ Clo sé iru tidn th8 véi nguyén ti hidro lig két voi cacbon s6 2 (cacbon cé bac cao hon). * Phan ting tach Hs - CHs 55 CHa=CH2+Hz og He # Colle CH; -CH;-CH, -CHe Sadan, + CoH, Cally + He Phan dngoxi héa Catlws+ AE 9, 2 C00 + (net}H0 > Nhan xét: letan 5. Didu ché © Trong phdng thi nghiém CHsCOONa + NaOH —*"> CH, t + NazCO3 + Trong cong nghigp: diéu ché tirdiu mé, khi thién nhién. LE DANG KHUONG Trang 62PHAN Ti: HOA HOU CO” BAIT§P TY LUYEN C4u 1. Hidrocacbon X c6 céng thite phan tir la CsHa. Tén goi ctia X la: Avetan, B, metan. C. propan. D. Butan. ‘CAu 2, Cong thite edu tgo CHsCH(CHs)CHs eng voi tén goi nao sau day? A. L-metylpropan. B. isopentan. < butan, B. 2-metylpropan. C&u 3. Ankan nao sau day khong & trang thai khi? ACH. B.C ©. Cae D. CH ‘Au 4. Khi cho CHs-CH(CHs)-CHs tac dung voi Clz theo ty l@ mol 1:1 thi tao ra sin phém cha A, CHs-CCI(CH,)-CHs. B. CHls-CH(CHs)-CHICL. €. CHa-CH(CHs)-CH2-Cl 1B. CHo-CCI(CHs)-CH:Cl Cau 5. Hidrocacbon X ¢6 cong thite phan tit 1a CsH, X c6 s6 d@ng phan cu tao mgch ho 1a A B3. G4 DS. C4u 6. Dét chy mét hidrocacbon X thu dure sé mol H,0 lén hon s6 mot CO:, Céng thite ‘chung day dong dang cita X la A,CoHlinet (M21). B.CoHarea(n2 1). €. Catan (n= 1). D. GaHlanes(2 1). c&u 7. Khfmetan duge digu ché trong phong thi nghigm bing phan ting nao sau day? A.CHsCOONa + NaOH —*> CH, + Na:COs B.CsHs —S> CHy + Colle CC + 2H > CH D. Cato —8* > CHy + CsHs Au 8. Cho 3,36 lit khf etan CaHe phin tg voi Cle(askt) ty 1 11. Khéi long sin phim thé monocto thu duoc ta A,9,576 g, B.9,675 g ©. 15,150 g. D. 9,825 g. Cau 9. Bét chay hoan to’n 11 gam CsHe cin vita dd V lit khi O> Gia tri VIA A224, B.28. €.26,88. B, 29,12 ‘Cau 10, Dt ch4y mgt hidrocacbon thu duoc 1,334 lit (dktc) khé CO2 va 1,35 gam H20. Cong thtée phan tir ca hidrocacbon d6 1a A.CoHe B. Cala ©. CH. D.GHts, DAP AN z 2 3 ¢ 5 6 7 a 5 io c D a B 5 a E B c LE DANG KHONG Trang 63PHAN II: HOA HOU CO" HUONG DAN GIAT Gui. Ban Cin nhé tén 4 ankan mach khong phan nhénh dau day: metan CH; etan C:He; propan CsHo; butan CHio > Dapanc. cau2. ve 3. Cit; - CH Clg CH Bu6c 1: X4c dinh mach chinh: mach cé 3C + ankan tong tng voi mach ehinh 1a propan. Buse 2: Dénh s6 tht tw mach chinh, Bude 3: Nhdnh ~CHs (metyl) é vi tri cachon s6 2 ‘Bute 4: gol tn 2-metylpropan + Dap an D. cau 3. Do digu kién thudng, chi ankan tiv CHs dén Cotto Ia nhting chat khi. = Dap du A. Cau 4. Cachon 36 1,36 3 vasé 4: bée 1. Cacbon s6 2: be 3. ~ Cacbon s6 2 c6 bac cao nhat, nguyén tt clo sé wu tién thé v6 nguyén tt hidro lién két voi cacbon s6 2. = Dap ana. caus. Céc dng phan cfu tg0 cha CsHtiz (CHs-CHz-CH:-CHz-CHs ; CHs-CH(CH.)-CHa-CHs ; CHs-C(CH3): = Dap in B. cau 6. Dét chay mét hidrocacbon X thu dugc s6 mo! H20 lin hon s6 mol COz + Hidrocacbon 14 no, mach hd. The ding ding ankan. COng thitc chung: CaHlan2 (n> 1). = Dap dn B. cau 7. Phan tong di8u ché kh metan CH trong phdng thi nghiém Ia CH.COONa + NaOH 5 CHiT + NazCOs > Dap ana. LE DANG KHU'ONG Trang 64PHAN IL: HOA HOU CO cau 8. ey 15 mol; 22a 224 Gols + Ch —“*> CoHsCl + HC] 0,15 > 0,15 mol Mayjq WM =0,15.64,5=9,675 gam > Bap an B. cand. Neg, = =H -0.25mol GH + 502 > 3002 + 410 0,25-> 1,25 ‘mol = Vy, =1,25.22,4=28 le = Dap an B. cau 16 eo, oa . a = 006 mol ;m,,5 = 075 mol > 0,06 Suy rathidrocacbon [a ankan, CTPT: CeHzn2 CoHanea + wah 0: —£+ nCOs + (n#4)H20 Aaaan =Myyo “Nee, = 0.075 ~ 0.06 = 0,015 mol n= 2a = 006 «4, Hidrocacbon a Cellas Tapas 0,015 = Dap nc, LE DANG KHU'ONG Trang 65.PHAN Ik HOA HOU CO" ANKEN LLY THUYET 1. Day déng dang % Day dong ding anken(olefin) gom ; Calls, CaHs, CoH, > Céng thire chung: CaHz, (n> 2). Trong phan tir anken chia mét lin két dai C=C. 2. Bdng phan Mach cacbon Ong phan cd tao: | vie en ket doh 3.Danh phap Tén thong thudng: etilen Cs, propilen CsH, butilen CaHle Ten thay thé: $6 cle vj tri + tén nhénb + tén mach chinh + vj tri lién két 461 + en © Mach chinh: mach cacbon chira lién két doi, dai nhat, nbiéu nbanb ab anh s6 thir tw cacbon mach chinh: bit du tir phia gan Hén ket @i mat, S6 chi vi tri nhdnh: baing s6 thé ty cacbon ma nhinh lin két. Néu nhigu nhénh: goi tén mach nhénh (tén nhém ankyl) theo thir tu van chit i. Néu nhieu nhanh ging nhau thi thém tien t6 al, er, cetra,..trwéc ten nhdnb, vid: CH -CH=C-CH CH; ¥ Bude 3: ¢- Vjtri nhanh: nhank -CHsmetyl 6 vj tr the2. © Vitri néi déi: vi tri thi 2. Y Bute 4: Gol ten Z-metylbut-2-en 4. Tink chat vatly Tir CoH, 8a Catle WA chat ht, con lal 5. Tinh chat hoa hoc % Phan ing cong CH2=CH-CHs + Hy —“"+ CHy-Clz-CHy CH=CH + Bri{dd) + CH.Br-CHBr (au nau dd) (dung dich khéng mau) chat ling va chat ran, LE DANG KHUONG ‘Trang 66PHAN I: HOA HOU CO” CHz=CHz + H-OH —"+ CH,-CH,-OH t no CHg- CH, -CH,-Br_ (Sin pham phy) CHy-CH=CH, + HBr 1 CHs-CH-CHs (San phd chinh) Phan ting oxi héa > Oxi ha hoam toan: Cyl + 2 > Oxi héa khéng hoan todn: anken lam mat mau thud tim: 3CH:= CH: + 4H:0 + 2KMn0, > 3HO-CH:~CH:-OH + 2MnO;4 + 2KOH 6. Diu che Phong thinghiém: 3 cqrjon MME ou cous + 1,0 Trong céng nghiép: Catlin YE» Colas + He BAL TAP TY LUYEN Goiténanken sau: CHs-C =CH- CH, - CHy CH Avhex-Lon. B, pent-t-en, ©, 4-metylpent-3-en. D. 2-metylpent-2-en. (au 2. Anken nao sau day Ikhng & trang thai khi (dieu kign thurémg)? 4. Col 2. Gil, ©, CsHio. D. CoH. 40 3. Hidrocachon X ¢6 cng thitc phan tirla CaHe. S6 dng phan mach hé cha X12 Az 5.3. oa D.5. Cau 4. Dét chy hidrocachon X ta thu duge sé mol COz bang sé mol H0. céng thite chung lia day dng dng Xa A, CoHane2 (2 1). 8. CoHen (nz 2). ©. Calfmna (a2 2). D. CiHona (N23). ‘CA 5. Khi cho CH: ~ C(CHs) - CH tée dung v6i HBr thi tao ra sn phim chinh la ‘A, CHa — C(CHe):Br. 8. CHB: ~ CH(CH) ©. CHeBr~C(CHs):Br. , Br ~ CH ~ CH(CHs):. LEDANG KHUONG Trang 67PHAN Ik HOA HOU CO" ‘Cau 6. DE nhan biéthai khf Cats va C:Hh, ta co thé ding A. Dung dich NaOH. €. Dung dich Brom. B. Dung dich HCl. D.Nuvée. (Cau 7. Hiro h6a hoan toan hén hyp X gim CHa va CsHe (xtic tic Nit) thu dugc hén hop Y gdm hat hidrocacbon. Hat hidrocacbon a6 la A. Calls va CHa. . CoH. va Cable B. CH va Cals. D.C:Hava CH. Cau 8. B6t chy hoan toan 1 anken X thu duoc V lit (dk) khi CO> va 9 gam H20. Gi tri cla ve A.22. B44, ©1142. D.22,4. Au 9. Cho hén hop khf B gdm CaHeva CH Khi cho 1,12 It (@kte) hén hop khi B Idi qua ‘dung dich Brom thi thy 3,2 gam brom phan ting, Phan tram thé tfch cta C:He trong hén hop ki Bla A. 40%, B. 50%. ‘Cau 10. Cho 2,24 lit (dktc) hén hop ¥ gém 2 anken la dong dang ké tiép. DOt chay hoan toan hin hop khi ¥ thu duge 4,68 gam If,0. Cong thiéc phan tiranken ¢6 khdi lweng phan €. 60%, D.70%. ti lén hon lb ACH, B. GH. CGaHle D.CsHie. AP AN i 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 io] D c B B A c a A B | HUONG DAN GIAT Caut, CH; C= CH- Cita Cs CH; Bude 1: Xéc dinh mach chinh: mach c6 SC -> ankan twong tng véi mach chinh fa pentan. Buge 2: Dinh sé thir ty mach chinh, tly du gin lién két d6i hon. Buc 3: Nhdnh -CH; (metyl) 6 vj tri cacbon s6 2, néi adi 6 vj tri s6 2. Bude 4: Goi tén Z-metylpent-2-en ~ Dap dn. cau 2. Chi tir Cols dén CiHe [a 6 trang thai Khi, > ap anc. cau 3. CaHacé 4 dng phan mach hor: LEBANG KHUONG Trang 68PHAN I: HOA HOU CO 1. CHa= CH - CH: ~ CH 2, CH,=C-CHy cH, 3. CH ~ CH = CH-CHs > Dap an B. caus, COng thie chung cita anken: CaH2e (n> 2) + Dap an B. tau 5, -City “cH, Quy tic Mac-cdp-nhi-cép : Trong phn ting céng HX vito ién két d6i, nguyén tir H chit ‘y€u cOng vito nguyén tit cacbon c6 nhieu H hon, con nguyen te hay nhdm nguyen tir XcOng vio nguyén tir cacbon cé it H hon. Ta thay cachon $6 2.cé ft H hon cacbon sé 1, nén nguyén tr Br sé cong vao cacbon sé 2, con nguyén ti H sé cng vao cacbon s6 1 cH, Br San phdm chinh la CH, ~-C-CH, hay CHs~ C(CH:):Br ti > Dap én A. can 6. CoH, phan ting lam mat mau dung dich brom cdn C:He thi khong. > pap anc, Phuong trimh téng quit hidro héa hoan toan anken: CoBlin + Ha > Catena Gall + He My Calls Dap dn. Gslle + Hy Bey CHa cau 8. yo = = 77 =0,5 mol mo“ N18 Dt chéy anken ta c6:Mn, =My, > = 05.224 = 11,2 pap ane. cane, va v= B* -0,05 mol 22,4” 22,4 mo Khi cho hén hop khi B I6i qua dung dich brom thi chi cé CsHephan éng nn GHs + Br > GHeBre m _ 32 Dey, My Ss "My, 160 ,02 mol LEDANG KEUONG ‘Trang 69PHAN I: H6A HOU co" Nou 0,02 > Way, = = 100% = 40 aN 0,05 id i 7 Dap an A. cau 10. 4,68 v2.24 CT chung : Collen hyo = 2 = 22 =0,26 mol; ny=—— = chung Gillan: Mag == gq = 0.26 mol: nes 1 = Se CoHay + 320, > aco; + nto 2 a, n fae 08 26 suy ra 2 anken ding ding ké tip 1a CoH VA CoHs. > Dip dn B. LE DANG KAVONG Trang 70PHAN I: HOA HOU CO" ANKIN LLY THUYET 41. Day dong ding + Day dong dang ankin gdm: Calla, CsHy Catto. Cong thire chung: C,Hisez (02 2) * Trong phan tie chits mot lién két ba € 2. Danh pap % Ténthudng HC=CH axetilen, CH= C- CHy metylaxetilen,.. © Ténthay thé: ( Séchivitri+ ten nfanh + ten mach chink + vjurtiténxérba vin} anne eVidu C-CH~CHs 2-metylbut-1-in CHy 3, Tinh chat vat li Tir CoH: dn CoH 18 chat kt 4. Tinh chat héa hoe Phan éng cong CH=CH + 2H-H “4 CH CHs — . CH=CH + H-H MAE CH= Ss Ha CH=CH + 2Brz —s CHBr2~CHBr: ooo CH=CH + H-OH —%#%# 5 CH; ~ CHO (andehitaxetic) NS CH=C-CHs + 2H-Cl > CHs~CClz~ CHs(Qui tic Mac-cOp-nhi-cép) ¢ Phan éng vii dungdich AgNOs/NHs CH=CH + 2AgNOs + 2NH; > Ag-C=C-Ag+ + 2NH«NOs Bay a phan wag dc trung cha hidrocacbon cb ten Seba dau mach. 4 Phan ting oxi héa Gane + + nCO2 + (n-1)H20 [eae] LE DANG KEUONG ‘Trang 71PHAN Ti: HOA HOU CO” 5. Diéu ché © Trong phong thi ngniem: CaC; + 2H20 -> Ca(OH), + Cott ‘> Trong cong nghiép: 2CH, 22> Colle + SHe I. BAL TAP TU LUYEN (Cau 1. Goi tén ankin: CH=C - [CH] - CH; A.but-L-in. B. propin. €. but-2-in. D. pent-L-in. Cau 2. Ankin X c6 cOng thirc phan tf 1a CsHe. X c6 sé dng phan la Ad, B32. C4 DS. (Cu 3. Cho But-I-in téc dung véi hidro dur vii xtc tic Ni, te. Sin pham thu due 1a A. C3He. B.CeHe CCH. D. Coe. Cau 4. Hidro héa propin bing xiic tac Pd/PbCO; thu duge san phim gi? ACH B.CoHe C.C3He, CsHe. Cau S. Cho propin phan tng voi HCl ti lé 1:1. San pham chinh thu durge la A. CHg ~ CCl = CHa. B. CHs - CClz - CH. CH; ~ CH = CH-Cl. D. CHs - CHCl - CHz- Cl. C4u 6. Dé logi bé tap chat CoH: va CoH, ra khdi C2Hengwdsi ta cho Idi qua dung dich A. Brom. B. AgNO3/NH3. C. HCL. D.H20. (Cau 7. Dé didu ché Coli trong phong thi nghiém ngudi ta ding A. CH. B.CzHe, CALC, D.CaCz. Cau 8. Din 4,48 lit axetilen (6 dktc) qua dung dich brom du. $6 mol brom phan tng 1 A023, B.0A. 05, D.08. Cau 9. Dét chéy hoan toan 2,24 It hn hop khi 8 gém hai ankin, thu duge 5,6 litkhiCOz va x gam H.0. Gia trix la (cdc thé tich kf do & dete) ASA. B.36. C27. D.72, ‘Cu 10, Dét chay hoan toan 2,24 It hidrocachon B thu dugc 6,72 It hi Op, Mat kixdc 2,24 It hidrocacbon B téc dung voi dung dich AgNOs trong NH; sinh ta kéttda Y. Khéi lugng ¥1a A147 gam. B.294 gam. C25.4gam. D.50,8 gan. DAP AN 1 z 3) 4 5 | 6 7 8 9 10 B clic a [A D B c | A LE DANG KHUONG Trang 72 (PHAN i: HOA HOU Co” Hwéng din gidi cau. CH= ~ [CHo}e~ CHs Buse 1: Xéc dinh mach chinh: mach cé 5C+ ankan twong ting voi mach chinh 18 pentan, Bue 2: Danh s6 thir tw mach chin, tir du gan lién két ba hon. Bude 3: Lign két ba & vi tri thie 1, Bude 4: Goi tén pent-1-in + Dap and. can 2, Ankkin Cols 66 3 Ang phan Ia CH =C- CH: - CH: ~ CHs (CH3- C=C - CHa - CHa CH3- CH (CH) - C=CH > Dap 4nB. Cau 3. Di kign “hidro du” va “xtc tac Ni, te" nén xdy ra phan tng hidre héa hoan toan. (CH=C~CH2~ CHs + Hp “> CHs -CH2-CH2-CH; > Dap an C. cad, Xtic tac Pd/PbCOs: ankin + anken > papanc caus. ~ CH ‘Theo qui tic Mac-c6p-nhi-c6p, nguyén tir Clo cong vao cachon c6 ft H hon (cacbon 362) > Dap ana, Cau 6. CoHe va CzHa phan tng vor dung djch brom con Cats khong phan tng, Gol: + 2Br2 > CullsBre Coy & Bre > CoBABr: > Dap an A. cau 7. Phuong trinh didu ché C.H.z trong phéng thi nghiém: CaCz + 2H.0 ~» Ca(OH): + CHT > Bap an, caus, Mote D4 22.4 CoH + 2Bre + CoHBre 02> 04 nol > Dap an. LEDANG kuvonG Trang 73PHAN I: HOA HOU CO" cau 9. Cong thite chung: C,H,,. 93 Be = én hop kihi gbm 2 ankin nén: Ayo Neo, ~Mgyq = 0.25-01= 0,15 mol > x= 0,15.18=2,7 > bap anc. cau 10. Gy: my Tach: Hy > x02 No, 03 a OL Hidrocacbon trong phan tt chtta 3C ma lai phan tng voi dung dich AgNOs/NEs ~ Hidrocacbon la Cif = C- CHs CH=C-CH; + AgNO; + NHy -» Ag-C=C-CH3! + NH\NO; Mol =O > oa my= nM = 0,1.147 = 14,7 gam, > Dép ana. LE BANG KHUONG Trang 74PHAN II: HOA HUU CO’ Bai 7: ANCOL LLY THuver 4, Dinh aghia Ancol la nhiing hgp chat htru co trong phan tir c6 nhém hidroxyl-OH lién két tree tiép vi nguyén tir cacbon no. 2. Ding phn va danh phap % Dan php: > Ten thong thurdmg oncol + a ge anky! + i ‘Vi du: CHOH ancol metylic, CHsOH ancol etylic,... » Tén thay thé: Tén hidrocachon teng véi mgch chink + 36 chivi trfnhém ON + of | ‘= Mach chinh: Mach cacbon chiva ~O8, dal nbat. & Anh 36 thietw cacbon mach chinh: bat dau tir phia gan nh6m -OH how, © $6 chi vj tri nhém OH: bing sé chi vj trf cia cacbon mi nh6m -OH lién két. Vidu: CH3OH metanol, CHsCH2OH etanol, CHCH2CH20H propan-1-ol, % Ancol @e chite: CH- OH CH,-OH 3 te i etilen glicol, ‘ ixerol Chig- OF ‘Mach cacbon + Dong phan: Fens OF Védu: Cong thite c4u tao va ten thay thé cdc dong phan cita ancol CyHicO: Gn, dn, - Gs, - CH, - 08 én,-én,-En-0n Butan - 1-ol CH3 Butan-2-ol Cu; - CH=CH, - oF “cts CH CH; 7C-OH 2 metylpropan - 2- ol 2+ metylpropan -1- ot cH, % Bac cacbon: la bée cla nguyén tir cacbon no lién két voi nhém -OH LB DANG KHIFONG Trang 75