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Introduction
There’s probably not a serv-
ice engineer on the planet
that wouldn’t agree that
intermittent electrical faults
are the most difficult and
frustrating to trace and
solve. Although these may
seem like random disasters
sent to test our patience,
invariably they have a sound
physical cause. The trick, of
course, is to discover what
this could be without spen-
ding hours monitoring the
offending equipment until
the elusive fault finally
chooses to show itself. This
application note, explains Although usually highly headache to trace in today’s
how the service engineer’s complex, modern equipment is ultra-sophisticated systems with
also incredibly robust, with their fast and complex control
life can be made infinitely
masses of protection circuitry to signals.
easier with the powerful guard against breakdown Fortunately the situation is far
trouble-shooting features of induced by, for example, current from hopeless since although
Fluke’s ScopeMeter® and voltage surges, mains intermittent faults share one
190 Series. harmonics, EMI…you name it! infuriating characteristic, i.e.
This complexity, of course, also their apparent randomness,
has its down side when it they all fall into several well-
comes to maintenance. defined categories. This offers
Intermittent faults in particular, an important clue to tracing and
always the curse of the service solving them.
engineer, can become a major
Troubleshooting with the before its significance can be signal level. The solution then is
Fluke ScopeMeter® 190 decided. to use pulse-width triggering
Any number of factors can lead set to capture say negative-
to spurious signals that may Wouldn’t it be nice in these going pulses with duration less
cause equipment to suddenly situations to be able to look than a specified time. With the
drop out for no apparent reason. back say over the past 5 or 10 200 MHz version (ScopeMeter
Some of these are equipment seconds to get another chance 199), which has rise and fall
related, for example, defective at spotting the glitch. times of 1.7 ns, pulses as
circuitry, dry solder joints, dust Fortunately, the ScopeMeter® narrow as 3 ns can easily be
or corrosion and overheating. 190’s automatic capture and captured using pulse-width
Others such as main fluctuations replay feature offers just this triggering. Setting the trigger to
and voltage spikes due, for possibility. capture negative-going pulses
example, to airco systems The Scope continuously records that last longer than 20 ms can
switching on, are related to the the last 100 screens in a FIFO also capture missing cycles on
mains supply. Identifying the memory. As soon as you spot an the mains. See figure 1.
most likely cause requires anomaly on the scope or
experience and intuition and, in suspect something has occurred To see how often the event
many instances, a lot of luck. that you might have missed, the occurs, just leave the
Now, however, with the Fluke Replay button can be pressed to ScopeMeter connected to the
ScopeMeter® 190 Series, luck freeze the last 100 screens and circuit for aslong as you like
doesn’t have to enter the allow you to play them over then pressing the Replay key to
equation. This new handheld again. The feature, in fact, see and analyse the captured
series combines the functions of allows two sets of 100 screens events. You may, for instance,
digital multimeter with digital with individual time stamps to find that the glitch occurs once
storage oscilloscope in be stored for later recall or a day at a particular time
bandwidths up to 200 MHz and download to a PC for more corresponding to factory
with up to 2.5 GS/s real-time detailed analysis. machinery being switched on or
sampling per channel. off, or weekly on a particular
The series also offers highly Catching signal transients day. Whatever, you should be
innovative troubleshooting with capture and replay able to relate the apparent
features found in the past only Another potential source of random fault on the equipment
on very expensive desktop intermittent faults – mains to specific external events
oscilloscopes. Available for the transients - can also be picked which could be a big step
first time in a portable up with the capture and replay towards solving the problem.
instrument, these features make feature. In this case, however,
the life of service engineer the ScopeMeter needs to be set
much easier, enabling him or to trigger on the glitch you
her to trace and solve all suspect is occurring. The
manners of intermittent faults. instrument then operates in
‘baby-sit’ mode, capturing 100
Tracking down faulty wiring samples of the event on which
Every service engineer knows it has been set it to trigger.
that bad wiring is often one of
the most frustrating intermittent If you’re looking for a voltage
faults to trace. Touching the spike on the mains, for example, Figure 1 : Setting the ScopeMeter to trigger on
circuit may trigger the fault but the instrument should be set to negative-going pulses longer than 20 ms will
detect missing cycles on the mains
even this is not predictable. trigger on positive- or negative-
And even if a scope is going voltage pulses with
connected to the suspect circuit, amplitude slightly larger than Looking for sags and swells
it may not be possible to keep main voltage. This method can’t with TrendPlot™
a continuous watch on the be used; however, to capture Gradual deviations in say
screen, or something may glitches that does not have voltage or temperature can
flash on screen and disappear voltage levels higher than the often signal the start of
Fluke Corporation
P.O. Box 9090, Everett, WA USA 98206
Fluke Europe B.V.
P.O. Box 1186, 5602 BD Eindhoven
The Netherlands
For more information call:
In the U.S.A. (800) 443-5853 or Fax (425) 356-5116
In Europe/M-East +31 (0)40 2 675 200 or
Fax +31 (0)40 2 675 222
In Canada (800) 36-FLUKE or Fax (905) 890-6866
From other countries +1(425) 356-5500 or
Fax +1(425) 356-5116
Web access: http://www.fluke.com