INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © ISO. 180 9956-3;1995(E) (< EN 288-3) Specification and approval of weldi g procedures for metallic materials — Part 3: Welding procedure tests for the arc welding of steels 1 Scope this part of ISO 9956 specifies how a welding pro cedure specification is approved by welding pro- cedure tests, it defines the conditions for the execution of welding Procedure approval tests and the limits of validity of an approved welding procedure for all practical weld- ing operations within the range of variables listed in clause 8. It is intended that tests be carried out in accordance with this part of ISO 9956 unless more severe tests are specified by the relevant application standard: or contract This part of ISO 9956 applies to the arc welding of steels. The principles of this part of ISO 9956 may be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties. NOTE 1 Specific service, material or manufacturing con. Gitions may require more ‘comprehensive testing than is ocifiad by this part of 1609956 ay ordur to gaits esc in formation and to avoid repeating the welding procedure test at a later date just to obtain auditional test data Such tests may include: — longitudinel weld tensile test; — all wold metal bend test — Charpy V-notch impact tust — Vield strength or 0,2 % proot stross — elongation — chemical analysis; — micro examination; — dolta ferrite determination in austenitic stainless steels,ISO 9956.3:1995(F) ‘he welding is covered by the following progesse: accordance with ISO 4063: ° 111 — metat.are welding with covered electrode; 114 — fluxcored wire metalarc welding without aos 12. submerged are welding; iat metalarc inert ans welding (MIG weldinal; 125 12 mrn. 3} One set in the weld metal and one set in the HAZ. Required only for r > 12 mm and only for parent metals having specified impact properties or when required by the application standard, i a testing temperature has not been specified, testing shall be performed at room temperature. See also 7.44 4) Not required for parent motals — festtic steels wit — group 9 steels. a, < 420 Nim (R-¢ 275 Nimn?) 5) When the pWPS or WPS has not been approved by other means, additional tests for the mechanical properties of the joint should be considered, 6) Only applicable for ferric steels and for t > 12 mm, 7), For outside diameters of less than or equal to 50 mm, no ultrasonic test is required; for outside diemeters greater than 50 mm if itis not technically possible to execute the ultrasonic examination then a radiographic examination shall be carried out for branch connection test pieces when possible (see figure 4) 7.3 Nondestructive examination Repending upon joint aeometry, materials and the requirements for production work, the NDE shall be 7.3.1 Method carried out in accordance with appropriate standards (e.g. SO 1106-1, ISO 11062 and ISO 1106-3), After any required post-weld heat treatment and prior to the cutting of test specimens, all test pieces shall 7.3.2. Acceptance levels be examined visually and nondestructively in accord- ance with 7.1 . ‘A welding procedure is approved if the imperfections in the test piece are within the specified limits of For non-post-weld heat treated test pieces, account level B in ISO 6817 except for imperfection types as ‘should be taken of the materials that are susceptible follows: excess weld metal, excess convexity, excess: to hydrogen-induced cracking and consequently the throat thickness and excessive penetration, for which NDE should be delayed. level C shall apply. olsISO pros am Welding direction — Discard 25 mm Figure 6 — Location of test specimens tor a butt weld Top fer tixea pipe \ 1SO 9956-3:1995(E) Area toe ‘ane Hensite specimen fone root and one face or two side bend specinens Area 2 for PCT ark adulionut best specimens If required ‘rea 3 or one Fensite specimen ~ one root and one face oF two side bend specinens Area & tor “one macro test specinen fone nordness test specimen ‘Area tor ‘one Fenste specimen ~ one root ang ene face or two side bend specimens Area zor Impact ond addtionat rest specimens it requieed ‘Area 3 for Fone Tensile specimen one root ang one face or two side bend specinens Area ¢ for ‘one macro test specimen = one hardness test specimen Figure 7 — Location of test specimens for a butt weld in pipeISO 9956-3:1995(E) Discaré 25 mm ©lso Macro hardness Figure 8 — Location of test specimens in a T-butt joint or a fillet weld on plate Macro and hardness 10 be token Inpositions A ana Figure 9 — Location of test specimens for a branch connection or a fillet weld on pipe 7.4 Destructive tests 7.4.1 Transverse tensile testing Specimens and testing for transverse tensile testing for butt joints shall be in accordance with ISO 4136. For pipes of outside diameter greater than 50 mm, the weld reinforcement shall be removed on both 10 faces to give the test specimen a thickness equal to the wall thickness of the pipe. For pipes of outside diameter less than or equal to 50 mm, and when full section small diameter pipes are used, the weld reinforcement may be left un: dressed on the inside surface of the pipe. The tensile strength of the test specimen shall normally not be less than the corresponding specified minimum value for the parent metal©1s0 7.42 Bend testing Specimens and testing for bend testing for butt joints shall be in accordance with ISO 5173. For dissimilar metal joints or heterogeneous butt joint in plates, one longitudinal bend test specimen may be used instead of transverse bend tests. The diameter of the former or the inner roller shall be 41 and the bending angle 120° unless the low ductility of the parent metal or filler metal impose other limi- tations. During testing, the test specimens shall not reveal any one single flaw greater than 3 mm in any direction. Flaws appearing at the comers of a test specimen during testing shall be ignored in the evaluation, The test specimen shall be prepared and etched on one side to clearly reveal the fusion line, the HAZ and the build-up of the runs. The macro-examination shall include unaffected par- ent metal The acceptance levels stated in 7.3.2 shall apply. 7.4.4 Impact testing Test specimens and testing for impact tests for butt joints shall be in accordance with this part of 'SO 9956 for position of specimens and temperature of testing, and with ISO 9016 for dimensions and testing For weld metal, test specimen type VWT (V: Charpy V-notch — W: notch in weld metal — T: notch through the thickness) and for HAZ specimen type VHT (V: Charpy V-notch — H: notch in heat affected zone — T: notch through the thickness) shall be used. From each specified position, each set shall be comprised of three test specimens. ISO 9956-3:1995(E) Specimens with Charpy V-notch shall be used snd sampled from 1 mm to 2 mm below the suitace of the parent metal and transverse to the weld, ‘The V-notch shall be cut perpendicular to the surface of the weld. In the HAZ, the notch shall be at 1 mm to 2 mm from the fusion line and in the weld metal the notch shall be at the weld centreline. For thicknesses greater than 50 mm, two additional sets of specimens shall be taken, one from the weld ‘metal and one from the HAZ, just below the mid: thickness or in the root area of the weld, Test temperature and absorbed energy shall be in ac- cordance with the specified dosign requirements for the complete product in question, provided the re- ‘quirements laid down by the application standard are met For dissimilar metal joints, impact tests shall be car- fied out on specimens from each HAZ in each parent metal 7.45 Hardness testing The hardness testing shall be in accordance with 180 9018. The Vickers method HV10 shall be used The indentation shall be made in the weld, the HAZS and the parent metal with the object of measuring and recording the range of values in the weld joint. This will include rows of indentations, one of which shal! be 2 mm maximum below the surface. Typical exam- ples are shown in figure 10. For each row of indentations, there shall be a mini- mum of three individual indentations in each part of the weld, the HAZ (both sides) and the parent metal (both sides) For the HAZ, the first indentation shall be placed es close to the fusion line as possible, ‘The results from the hardness test shall mest the re- quirements given in table 2. "180 9956-3:1995(E) iso Dimensions in milimetres bes ts 4 aoe ay, 2m aes é é sere ett parent ont \ waznarroe Satie Figure 10 — Typical examples of hardness testing Table 2 — Permitted maximum hardness values HV10 Single rh But and filet welds Mul bul and iat welds Stee! oroups Wonrheatveeted | Heat eared mz 0 20 350 20 3a 70 3 a0 ; ae 3 220 = 20 ; 3 0 a 350 wae 5 200 20 200 Ni>4% a a 400 o 1) Wheross (at re eaured 2) For steels with R, min. > 885 Nimm®, special agreements are required. 3) Speci agreements ar eae. 12© 180 7.5 Re-testing If the test piece fails 10 comply with any of the re quirements for visual examination or NDE specified in 7.3.2, one further test piece shall be welded and Subjected to the same examination. If this additional tost piece does not comply with the relevant require- ‘ments, the pWPS shall be regarded as not capable of complying with the requirements of this part of 1SO 9956 without modification, If any test specimen fails to comply with the relevant fequirements of 7.4 due only to geometric weld imperfections, two further test specimens shall be obtained for each one that failed. These can be taken from the same test piece if there is sufficient material available or trom a new test piece, and shall be sub- jected to the same test. If either of these additional test specimens does not comply with the relevant requirements, the pWPS. shall be regarded as not capable of complying with the requirements of this part of ISO 9956 without modification, 1SO 9956-3:1995(E) & Range of approval ¥.1 General All the conditions of validity stated below shall be met independent of each other. Changes outside the specified ranges shall require a haw welding procedure tust. 8.2 Rel 1d to the manufacturer An approval of a WPS obtained by a manufacturer is valid for welding in workshops or sites under the same technical and quality control of that manufac- turer. 8.3 Related to the material 83.1. Parent metal .1 Grouping system In order to minimize the unnecessary multiplication of welding procedure tests, steels shall be grouped as shown in table 3. Table 3 — Grouping system for steel Soup The of steal 1 1 Steels with a minimum specified yield stress R, < 386 Nimm? of R,, < 520 Njmm? and with mass factions expressed es percentages, not exceeding ho following vues ¢ 4 & ss Mn 20 Me ass 8 os P Zoois fy oor single eament oa Atte elon tal oe 2 | Normatzed or thrmormeshaicoly west no wan Scala wide Spedid rinmum Yd ass Ry > 355 Nimm? 3 Quenched and tempered fine grain steels with a specified yield stress R, > 500 Nimnv au ‘Stools with Cr max. 0,6 %, Mo max. 0,5 %, V max. 0,25 % Shoes wih Cr max 8, Mo mex. 1.2% 6 | Stels with Comox. 12 %, Mo max.1 %, Vox 05% 777 | Seas wah Rima 8% 01) | evineor marci stnioss Hast wah Gi fom PRO OK 9 [ Austen stanioss sees 1_Aloy contents las to nomial ale anata 1B1SO 9956-3:1995(E) A procedure test carried out with one of the steels of 8 group covers the lower alloyed steels of the same group for the intentional added elements, but not for fortuitous impurities, or the steels with lower speci- fied yield stress of this group, as long as the welding consumables used for the test can also be used for the other steels of this group. Group 2 covers group 1. Permanent backing material shall be consid- ered as a parent metal. ‘A separate welding procedure approval shall be ob- tained for each steel or steel combination not covered by the grouping system. If one steel could belong to two groups then it would be classified always in the lower group. 8.3.1.2. Dissimilar metal joints For dissimilar metal joints, the range of approval is given in table 4, Any dissimilar metal joint not covered by table 4 shall require a specific test with no range of approval 8.3.2 Parent metal thickness and pipe diameter 8.3.2.1 General Nominal thickness 1 shall have the following ‘meanings: a) For a butt joint: the parent metal thickness, which for joints be- tween dissimilar thicknesses is that of the thinner material b) Fora fillet weld: the parent metal thickness approved for joints between different thicknesses is that of the thicker material. For each thickness range ap- proved as in table5 there is also an associated range of approved fillet weld throst thicknesses as given in 8.3.2.3, ©) Fora set-on branch connection: the thickness of the branch pipe. d) Fora setin or set-through branch connection: the thickness of the main pipe. 2) For a T-butt joint in plate: the thickness of the prepared plate. “4 ©1so Table 4 — Range of approval for dissimilar metal joints Existing approved welding procedure tstfor group ofsteet | Range of or dissimilar metal joints ‘oe 2 Toweidod 3 2 wolded 11 welded to 2 welded to 1 welded to 2 welded 1 8 welded to 1 welded to9 welded to 2 welded to 8 B welded 2 3 welded 1 or 9 wolded to 2 welded 103 Swale to 8 8.3.2.2 Range of approval for butt welds The approval of a welding procedure test on thickness shall include approval for thicknesses in the rangos given in table 6. Table 5 — Range of approval for thickness Dimensions in millimetres Range of approval Thickness of | for single run or the test place, | singio run trom | fof multun both sides welding 1<3 8 to 1.17 1020 3 100 0,81 10 1.10 0.51 to 1,5¢ NoTEs 1. For tests below the impact limit (12 mm), epprovel is less than 12 mm without impact testing, 2. The range of approval may have to be reduced in oF dr to avoid hydrogen cracking, 8.3.2.3 Range of approval for fillet welds In addition to the requirements of table, the range of approval of the throat thickness a shall be 0,75a to 1,5a, However, a test with a throat thickness greater than or equal to 10 mm, shall give approval for all throat thicknesses greater than or equal to 10 mm,