Basic Calculus

Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

REVIEW SESSION IN BASIC CALCULUS

February 20, 2021 @ 1:00 PM

COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES

 Basic Calculus
Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

Step 1
Categorize the function

Product or Quotient Composite Basic Function

Can you change the

function into another
form that’s easier to
differentiate? NO

Step 2
YES
Differentiate using the
Revise the function to appropriate differentiation rule
something that’s easier
to differentiate, then go
back to Step 1
COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES
 Basic Calculus
Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

Problem # 1: Differentiate 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + 3).

1. Using the product rule,

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′ = 2𝑥 + 5 𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑥 + 5 ∙ 𝑥+3 + [2𝑥 + 5] ∙ (𝑥 + 3)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥 + 5 1 + (2)(𝑥 + 3)
= 2𝑥 + 5 + 2𝑥 + 6

𝑦′ = 4𝑥 + 11

2. By multiplying first the two binomials before taking the derivative

𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 15
𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 15
𝑦 ′ = 4𝑥 + 11

COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES

 Basic Calculus
Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

4𝑥 3 +8𝑥
Problem # 2: Differentiate 𝑦 =
2𝑥

Simplify first the rational expression before taking the derivative.

4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 4𝑥 3 8𝑥
= + = 2𝑥 2 + 4
2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 4 Note: 𝑥 ≠ 0

𝑦 ′ = 4𝑥
Using the Quotient Rule:
𝑑 𝑑
2𝑥 4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 (2𝑥)
′
𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 2
′
2𝑥 12𝑥 2 + 8 − (4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥)(2)
𝑦 =
4𝑥 2
24𝑥 3 + 16𝑥 − 8𝑥 3 − 16𝑥 16𝑥 3
𝑦′ = = = 4𝑥
4𝑥 2 4𝑥 2

COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES

 Basic Calculus
Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

5
Problem # 3: Differentiate 𝑦 =
2𝑥+3 4

Put 2𝑥 + 3 4 in the numerator using the concept of negative exponent before

taking the derivative.
𝑦 = 5 2𝑥 + 3 −4

Using Chain Rule,

′ −4−1
𝑑
𝑦 = −4 5 2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′ = −20 2𝑥 + 3 −5 (2)

𝑦 ′ = −40 2𝑥 + 3 −5

40
𝑦′ =− 5
2𝑥 + 3

COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES

 Basic Calculus
Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

1
Problem # 4: Find the derivative of 𝑓 𝑥 = − 𝑥.
𝑥

1. Transform the radical expression to an expression with fractional exponent.

Use the concept of negative exponent.
1 1/2
𝑓 𝑥 = 1/2
− 𝑥
𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 −1/2 − 𝑥 1/2
2. Differentiate 𝑓 𝑥 .
1 −1−1 1 1−1 1 1
′
𝑓 𝑥 = − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥2 𝑓′ 𝑥 =− −
2 2 2 𝑥3 2 𝑥
1 −3 1 −1
′
𝑓 𝑥 =− 𝑥 2− 𝑥 2 1 1
2 2 𝑓′ 𝑥 =− −
2 𝑥
2 𝑥2 ∙𝑥
′
1 1 1 1
𝑓 𝑥 =− 3− 1 ′
𝑓 𝑥 =− −
2𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 2𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑥
COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES
 Basic Calculus
Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

3𝑥+2 4
Problem # 5: Differentiate 𝑦 = .
1−𝑥 6

Using the Quotient Rule and the Chain Rule,

6 𝑑 4 4 𝑑 6
1−𝑥 3𝑥 + 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 1−𝑥
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑥 6 2

1−𝑥 6 4 3𝑥 + 2 3 3 − 3𝑥 + 2 4 6 1−𝑥 5 −1
𝑦′ =
1 − 𝑥 12
6
1−𝑥 12 3𝑥 + 2 3 + 6 3𝑥 + 2 4
1−𝑥 5
𝑦′ =
1 − 𝑥 12
5
6 1−𝑥 3𝑥 + 2 3 [2 1 − 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 2 ]
𝑦′ =
1 − 𝑥 12
3 (2 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 2)
6 3𝑥 + 2
𝑦′ =
1−𝑥 7
6 3𝑥 + 2 3 (𝑥 + 4)
𝑦′ =
1−𝑥 7 COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES
 Basic Calculus
Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

2
Problem # 6: Find the slope and equation of the tangent line to the curve 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥
at 𝑥 = −1.
4. 𝐸𝑞: 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑥1
1. Find 𝑓′(𝑥) 2. Find the slope.
𝑦 − −2 = −2 𝑥 − −1
𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 −1 𝑚𝑡 = 𝑓′(−1)
𝑦 + 2 = −2(𝑥 + 1)
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = −1 2𝑥 −1−1 2 2
𝑚𝑡 = − 2
= − = −2 𝑦 + 2 = −2𝑥 − 2
−1 1
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = −2𝑥 −2
3. To find the equation, first find 𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 2 − 2
2 one point where the tangent line
𝑓′ 𝑥 =− 2 𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 4
𝑥 passes through.
at 𝑥 = −1,
2
𝑦 = 𝑓 −1 = = −2
−1
𝑃(−1, −2)
COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES
 Basic Calculus
Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

Problem # 7: The population size 𝑦 of a certain organism at time 𝑡 is given by

𝑦 = 4𝑡 2 + 2𝑡. Find the rate of change of population.
The rate of change is also the derivative of a given function.
𝑦 = 4𝑡 2 + 2𝑡
𝑑𝑦
= 8𝑡 + 2
𝑑𝑡

COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES

 Basic Calculus
Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

Problem # 8: Differentiate: 𝑦 = sin 3𝑥 5 and 𝑦 = sin5 3𝑥.

𝑦 = sin 3𝑥 5 𝑦 = sin5 3𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′ = cos 3𝑥 5 ∙ 3𝑥 5 𝑦′ = 5 sin 3𝑥 ∙ 4
[sin 3𝑥] ∙ 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′ = cos 3𝑥 5 15𝑥 4 𝑦′ = 5 sin4 3𝑥 (cos 3𝑥) (3)
𝑦 ′ = 15𝑥 4 cos 3𝑥 5 𝑦′ = 15 sin4 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥

COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES

 Basic Calculus
Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

Problem # 9: Differentiate: 𝑦 = ln 1 + 2𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑 1
Rule: [ln 𝑥] = → [ln 𝑢] = ∙ 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢
𝑦 = ln 1 + 2𝑥 1/2
1 𝑑 1
𝑦′ = 1 . 𝑑𝑥 [ 1 + 2𝑥 ]
2
1 + 2𝑥 2

1 1 −
1
𝑦′ = 1 . 2 1 + 2𝑥
2 ∙2
1 + 2𝑥 2
1 1
𝑦′ = 1. 1
1 + 2𝑥 2 1 + 2𝑥 2

1
𝑦′ =
1 + 2𝑥
COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES
 Basic Calculus
Basic Differentiation Rules & Chain Rule

Problem # 10: What is the derivative of 𝑦 = tan2 2𝑒 3𝑥 ?

𝑦 = tan2 2𝑒 3𝑥

𝑦 ′ = 2 tan 2𝑒 3𝑥 sec 2 2𝑒 3𝑥 (2𝑒 3𝑥 )(3)

𝑦 ′ = 12𝑒 3𝑥 tan 2𝑒 3𝑥 sec 2 2𝑒 3𝑥

COPYRIGHT © 2021 SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES