1.what is vray?

2.What is Indigo?

Indigo is a software rendering solution.

It is an unbiased raytracer that simulates the physics of light to achieve photorealism from your
3D scenes and models.

3.Why is Indigo better than traditional renderers?

Indigo accurately simulates the physics of light which create many realistic effects that otherwise
would have to be manually created. Because of this, it takes far less set-up time than traditional
biased or 'global illumination' renderers. Simply creating a glass object and a light will produce
beautiful caustics.

Effects such as:

* Depth of Field – the depth of field (DOF) is the portion of a scene that appears acceptably
sharp in the image.
* Spectral effects – as when a beam of light goes through a prism and a rainbow of colours is
produced
* Refraction – as when light enters a pool of water and the objects in the pool seem to be “bent”
* Reflections – from subtle reflections on a polished concrete floor, to the pure reflection of a
silvered mirror
* Caustics – as in light that has been focused through a magnifying glass and has made a pattern
of brightness on the floor

4.What is Rhino software used for?

Rhinoceros, also known as Rhino or Rhino3D, is a 3D CAD modeling software package that
enables you to accurately model your designs ready for rendering, animation, drafting,
engineering, analysis, and manufacturing. Rhino is a free-form NURBS surface modeler.

5.What is mental ray?

mental ray Standalone is an offline rendering product. It works independently of Maya, 3ds Max,
3ds Max Design and Softimage software through a command-line interface, or acts as the
foundation of distributed rendering solution when used with Maya, 3ds Max, 3ds Max Design or
Softimage. mental ray Standalone is used primarily when additional rendering capabilities are
required beyond the built-in mental ray capabilities of these Autodesk applications. mental ray is
typically used in an internal render farm setup and can be used to supplement and accelerate
interactive rendering (for example, Maya software’s interactive photorealistic rendering).

6. what is adobe illustrator used for?

Adobe Illustrator is a premium application used for creating vector graphics for print or the
web. Developed alongside with Adobe Photoshop as a companion product, Illustrator is the
standard for making logos, graphics, comics, fonts, and much more.

7. How can you render wireframe with V-Ray?

You can use the VRayEdges texture to get a similar (although not exactly the same) result.

8. What is the difference between a pixel and a sample?

The pixel is the smallest addressable element of an image. The main task for any rendering
engine is to determine the color of each pixel. In order to do that it has to take samples from the
scene. Samples are small units of information about a certain point in the scene that the rendering
engine uses to determine the color of each pixel. One or more samples can be taken for every
pixel in the image.

9. What does photorealistic mean?

Photorealism is a genre of art that encompasses painting, drawing and other graphic media, in
which an artist studies a photograph and then attempts to reproduce the image as realistically as
possible in another medium.

10.what is presentation drawing in architecture.

Presentation drawings
Rendering is the art of adding surface textures and shadows to show the visual qualities of a
building more realistically.
1. What Is Adobe Photoshop?Pros and cons of adobe photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is a great program for modifying already-created images or graphics—like
photos—and is Adobe's most popular program. Editing photos is awesome in Photoshop,
because it includes a lot of unique filters, special effects, and tools. 

Pros of Adobe Photoshop software:

 Photoshop is also a popular choice for web graphics, photo editing and designs since
those projects will stay at a fixed size
 Another great benefit of Photoshop is that you can have complete control of your
projects, since you can edit your graphic pixel-by-pixel

Cons of Adobe Photoshop software:

 Raster or bitmap graphics are created in Photoshop and these graphics can sometimes
look a little jagged since raster images are made up of individual colored squares, known
as pixels. Everything in Photoshop is just a series of pixels, so if you're scaling something
up or down, it can lose its quality very quickly.

2. 10 Advantages for using VRay for architectural rendering

1 | VRay is fast. Real fast.

VRay will pump out a series of low-quality images that will give you a feel for material, colour
and light so that quick decisions can be made regarding composition and framing. Sure, all
rendering software allows you to create draft images, but none operate as quickly as VRay. If
you’re on a tight deadline - and I know you are - you’re going to want to be using something fast
that doesn’t sacrifice quality. That’s VRay.

2 | It works seamlessly with Rhino, 3DS Max, SketchUp.

And I mean seamlessly. No seams. Not a seam to be found. While VRay may be a tricky
program to fully master, there’s no denying its ease of integration with a variety of 3D modeling
programs. No matter your cup of tea or flavour of Doritos, VRay will be your huckleberry. After
all, VRay is a plug-in, so it would make sense that the success of that plug-in hinging on its
integration with a variety of potentially compatible software. This isn’t always the case with
competing renderers.

For architects, the integration with Google SketchUp is perhaps the most use valuable feature.
While not the most technically refined or sophisticated piece of modeling software, Sketchup
presents a fast and easy set of tools that can quickly get ideas on the page. Those ‘sketchy’ ideas
can just as quickly be brought to life with the use of VRay. Client meetings once held to iron out
conceptual program issues can use real-life visualization with VRay in your back pocket. It’s not
a crutch that should be leaned on, but a tool that can elevate your work from good to WOW!

3 | Extensive Material Library and resources.

An architect’s library of materials and finishes is almost as important as his skills as a designer.
The fit and finish represents the final touches on the labour of love poured into realizing a piece
of architecture. Get it wrong, and all that work is cast aside in vein: ruined by an ill-conceived
palate of finish materials and shoddy details. VRay provides a proxy for this problem. The
massive material library out of the box sets VRay above the rest. You’ll never design around a
material you won’t be able to render with life-like precision.

Being able to mock up finish combinations on the fly takes interior architecture and design to the
next level. You’ll no longer find yourself in marathon client meetings trying to explain how
certain finishes will look on certain surfaces. You’ll show them. They’ll make decisions faster,
be on their way sooner, and leaver you to do what you really love about architecture...the
architecture!

4 | A wealth of options.

For those who wish to venture into the bowels of VRay’s more difficult to manoeuvre
capabilities, you’ll find the rabbit hole goes deeper than most visualization plug-ins. Some
attribute the perceived learning curve of VRay to an overwhelming abundance of knobs, levers,
check-boxes, and sliders. While, yes, success can be evasive for newcomers, a grasp of the basics
will come quick and easy with the right guidance. For those looking for more than a surface level
understanding of what’s capable with VRay, that path is yours for the traversing.

Users eager to fine-tune camera settings, material bump maps and texture, source of light and
depth of field will find plenty to tinker with. Ultimately, that’s what comes with a massive cache
of options: flexibility. Everyone knows how difficult...I mean particular architects and designers
can be. VRay caters to that insatiable need to control every aspect of a design drawing. You’ll be
able to tailor make render settings so everything the plug-in pumps out is undeniably yours.

5 | It has a steep learning curve, but in a good way.

VRay is notoriously tricky to get the hang of. The abundance of options and settings, vast
material library and unique interface make for a bit of a learning curve. You’ll be putting in a bit
of work on the front end to wrap your head around what works well and what doesn’t.

That work is what makes VRay worth the price of admission. For architects, especially, the craft
involved in learning a system, tweaking it according to preference and getting the most out of a
resource is par for the course. There is a lot to be appreciated about a product that demands
expertise and rewards patience.

6 | VRay is simply the best for realistic visualization.

If you want the best - and who doesn’t - there is simply no substitute for VRay. Users and critics
alike consistently put the plug-in at the top of the list as far as quality of the end product. The
cleanest textures, darkest darks and brightest whites amount to the most accurate representation
of real-world conditions. If your aim is to put your clients IN the spaces you are designing in
convincing style, VRay is going to be your best option.

Whether you’re entering design competitions or presenting your work to the powers that be, it’s
important to keep in mind the value of quality. Quality is a subjective measure, hard to quantify
but easy to recognize. When your work just looks better than the rest, it will give the strength of
your design the extra layer of polish it deserves, catching the eye and boosting your reputation.
Something that - in the end - is all an architect or designer has.

7 | Speed of VRay is great for quick animations.

Animations are an underused method of design communication in the architect’s office. It makes
sense why: they are expensive, hard to produce and rarely present the information of the design
in the focused and precise manner architects and designers demand. With VRay, however,
animations can quickly be produced due to the relative speed with which the plug-in renders.
Clients will be impressed because what you show them will be unexpected, and give you an
extra advantage when attempting to explain design decisions.

Animations can be set up in SketchUp, which is fairly intuitive and fast. The rendering power
behind VRay can then pump out quality frames that make up the fully realized animation, all
without the need of a server farm to power it through!

8 | Real-world material rendering is much more...real-world.

There’s nothing worse than a realistic visualization that doesn’t look realistic. Architects often
find themselves in design communication purgatory, or the poisonous space between
‘conceptual’ and ‘finished’ that stamps ‘amateur’ all over your project. If you can’t represent a
design, how the hell are you supposed to build it? An architect must exhibit skill and capability
throughout all phases of the design in order to instil confidence and maintain control. The
consistency and precision of VRay makes this possible.

If you’re aiming for realism, you have to nail it. This is where VRay is a tick above the rest.

9 | Light and Shadow are its bread and butter.

“I sense light as the giver of all presences, and material as spent light. What is made by light
casts a shadow, and the shadow belongs to the light.”  -  Louis Kahn.

If an architect only had two tools to work with, they would be light and shadow. Louis Kahn is
one in a long line of master architects who would probably agree. Light and shadow, and how
they are represented in an architectural drawing, are vital to unconsciously understanding
realism. If the lighting of a particular drawing isn’t convincing, or seems off, it’s obvious. VRay
is championed for handling realistic light and shadow more accurately and more realistically
than all comparable renderers.

10 | There are plenty of resources for noobs and professionals alike.

VRay is probably the most commonly used rendering product on the market. And if you’ve been
listening at all it’s no secret why. As such, there are almost an endless cache of tutorials, lessons,
and available courses to take to maximize your VRay experience. With the steep learning curve
comes a necessary regimen of practice in order to get the most out of the product. The more
guided and focused that practice is, the faster you’re going to get good at it.

If you’re looking for quick tips or tutorials, a quick internet search will yield plenty of hits for
video lessons that range from 5 minutes to over an hour. For more comprehensive courses, there
are plenty of online schools that will make an expert VRay magician out of you in just a few
weeks of self-guided work. Learning the best visualization software has never been easier.

3. What is Adobe Illustrator Used For? Understanding Vector

Images
Adobe Illustrator is a program used by both artists and graphic designers to create vector images.
These images will then be used for company logos, promotional uses or even personal work,
both in print and digital form. So what is Adobe Illustrator used for? It is typically used to create
illustrations, charts, graphs, logos, diagrams, cartoons of real photographs, and more. While the
program may be difficult to understand initially, the final product will be well worth the learning
curve.

If you’re interested in learning more about Adobe Illustrator, enroll in our introductory course
today! It’ll teach you everything you need to know to get started.

What is a Vector Image?

Creating vector images allows you to create clean, beautiful works of art that can be scaled up
and down infinitely without ever losing quality. Have you ever created an image in Adobe
Photoshop, and then realized that you should have created it three times larger than you did? You
go into Image Adjustments, increase the size, and … oops. The image is now pixelated and looks
horrible. If the image was too small to begin with, you’ll need to start all over again. The same
does not remain true for Adobe Illustrator. Unlike the familiar gif, jpeg, tiff, etc images – known
as raster images –  vector images are not made up of a grid of pixels. They are instead created by
paths – a combination of a starting point and an ending point with a combination of shapes,
angles and lines in-between. These paths relate to each other by mathematical formulas, allowing
them to be scaled and rescaled infinitely.
This makes Adobe Illustrator a more ideal program for companies than Adobe Photoshop, since
they can create images and logos that can be small enough to be a tiny icon or large enough to
appear on a billboard.

What Can You Really Do With Illustrator?

Many people are intimidated by Adobe Illustrator due to the fact that they believe they have no
artistic skill. If you can’t draw on paper, what makes you think you can draw on the computer?
While this self-doubt is certainly not the right way to look at things, Adobe Illustrator actually
doesn’t require any prior knowledge of drawing or painting. You can use this program to create
freehand drawings, but you can also import a photograph and use that photograph as a guide to
trace and re-color a particular subject – turning it into a work of art that looks as though you
drew it freehand.

As a graphic designer, you can use Illustrator to easily create sleek, aesthetically pleasing
company logos. Do you want to type in a circle around a particular image or logo? Not a
problem! Do you want to type in the shape of the CEO’s head? You can do that as well, and it’s
not as complicated as you’d assume.

Illustrator is not only limited to artists and graphic designers. Those who are looking to create a
website can create a mockup through Illustrator, which they can use to create vector images that
can be used over a wide variety of platforms. Since it is an Adobe product, Illustrator works
seamlessly with other Adobe Programs in the Creative Suite. After creating your initial image,
you can drag it over into Photoshop to further edit it and apply filters, or drag it over to InDesign
for flawless printing and digital booklets or magazines. Want to turn your illustration into a game
or animation? Import it into Flash and watch it come to life! You can even add your logo and
illustrations to videos or animate them through After Effects.

4. What is Rhino 3D? Who can use Rhino 3D?

 
Rhinoceros 3D, or Rhino 3D, is the world’s most versatile 3D modeller. It can create, analyse,
edit, animate, render, document and translate polygon meshes, point clouds, solids, surfaces and
NURBS curves. Apart from the size of your hardware, there are no limits to the complexity you
can produce with Rhino 3D.
 
Rhino 3D offers the precision needed to design, prototype, analyse, engineer and manufacture
anything from an airplane to jewellery. Its uninhibited free-form 3D modelling tools are usually
only found in products 20-50 times more expensive, meaning you can model any shape you
want.
 
Rhinoceros has been designed to be compatible with a range of design, drafting and CAM
software, as well as engineering, analysis and rendering programmes. It can also be used with
animation and illustration software, presenting a range of new possibilities to your artwork. For
Windows users, Rhino 3D functions as a development platform for many different modelling
products, making it even more versatile. Rhino 3D has the ability to read and repair meshes,
including IGES files, which can be extremely challenging.

 
Anyone can use Rhino 3D. No special hardware is needed and it’s fast even on a regular laptop.
It’s affordable too, with an affordable price and no maintenance fees, coupled with the lack of
specialist hardware and the short time needed to learn how to use it, Rhino 3D is the perfect
design software. As you can focus on the design and visualisation aspect of Rhino, quickly
learning how to master it, it’s an insanely accessible product, unlike many other design software
packages.

5.