‫ عبدهللا محمد خليل‬: ‫اسم الطالب‬

‫ الثالثة‬: ‫المرحلة‬
Group D

Q1: The Rate of distribution of the drug from the vascular compartment
to the tissue is more rapid in healthy patients than in those who are
medically compromised as congestive heart failure patients, why?
Answer:
The distribution of a drug is dependent on severl factors:

1. Vascular permeability.
2. Regional blood flow.
3. Cardiac output.
4. Perfusion rate of the tissue.
5. The ability of the drug to bind tissue and plasma proteins and its
lipid solubility.

In medically compromised patients, one or more of these factors are

altered, leading to reduced rate of distribution of drug.
For example, in congestive heart failure, the cardiac output is decreased,
blood flow out of the heart slows (the heart is unable to pump blood
efficiently), and there is inadequate tissue perfusion. All these lead to a
decreased rate of distribution of the drug from the vascular compartment
to the tissues.

Q2: How the local anesthetic agents are sterilized?

Answer:

Local anesthetic drugs are stable and can be sterilized, boiled or

autoclaved without being broken down.

The problem is that the diaphragm and vasopressor is heat liable and can
be easily broken down, so cartridges should not be autoclaved.