GLOBALIZATION, UNIT 1WATCH AND LISTEN PREPARING TO WATCH. 1) You are going to watch a video about how food rravels around the world Before you watch, read the text and match the words n bold (1-8) to the definitions below (a-h} RUC om 11} "Agriculture is essential to everyday life, “producing food, fuel and other materials that we couldntlve without ‘We eat “agricultural products every day. Ice cream, for example, is made from cows’ milk its sugar cores from sugar cane and its flavourings come frorr plants like cocoa UNDERSTANDING KEY VOCABULARY, and vanilla ‘As most people don't live on farms, it means that the food farmers grow usually has to be transported long distances to consumers. Crops like rice are grown in ®paddies in China and india and “exported internationally. These two countries are some of the biggest agricultural "providers in the world, a farming or related to farming. 'B to make sometting or bring It nto existence ‘¢ to send something to another country for sale ed plants that are grown for food -e farming. + people who buy products or services for their own use 8 fields of water vhere rice Is grown hi someone who grovides something i 2 Work with a partner and answer the questions below. 11 What foods are grown in your country? 2 Are the fresh foods sold in supermarkets in your country mostly grown locally, or imported from abroad? 3 Why do most countries import some foods? WHILE WATCHING 3 @ Watch the video. Which sentence best describes the topic? 11 The international food supply chain is wrong because it creates MAIN IDEAS pollution, ee 2. The international food supply chain offers consumers a wider choice of food. 3 The international food supply chain destroys local economies and farmers’ livelihoods. 4 ® Watch again. Answer the questions below. ING FOR KEY 11 Which factors are having a major impact on the international INFORMATION trade system inthe st century? Za 2. How long have farmers worked in the rice paddies in Longsheng, China? 3 How many countries in the world export more agricultural products than France? 4 What percentage ofits agricultural produce does Australia export? 5 How much money does Australia earn annually by selling agricultural produce abroad? +6 Where are the Mencan farmers prickly pears sold? 7. What positive effects has selling prickly pears internationally had on the community in the video? DISCUSSION '5 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. 1 Does your country export agricultural products? What does it export? 2 Which countries does it export to?USING YOUR KNOWLEDGE think will be included, 1 Supermarkets 2 Environmental pollution 3. The creation of jobs 4 Multinational corporations 1 You are going to listen to the first part of a radio programme called the 49.000km fruit salad, Before you listen, work with a partner. Look at the =F __ photograph and programme name and choose the topics (1-8) that you 5 Specialist food shops 6 Locally grown fruit and vegetables 7 Shipping food by aeroplane 8 International meat and dairy transport WHILE LISTENING 2 @M" Listen tothe radio programme and check your answers to erie 1 3 @mM Listen to the radio programme again. Write true (7) or fabe(F) next to the statements below. 1 The radio programme is investigating the types of food people buy. = 2. Most of the food David is buying is imported. a 3 David usually tries to eat foods that are grown locally aan 4 The global food industry limits the types of fruit and vegetables people eat a 5 Altogether, the fruit David is buying has travelled 47,000 kilometres 6 Locally grown food is always environmentally friendly. POST-LISTENING 4 Choose the statement (2-c) that best matches the radio programme reporter’ opinion 1 ‘Cheap food comes at a price: a Cheap food can have hidden negative effects 'b Cheap food costs less for consumers € Cheap food s better forthe environment 2 "The 49,000 kilometre fruit salad a Shipping rut by ar isa good thing bb Shipping fruit by air isnot environmentally friendly Shipping fruit by aris cheap and easy. 3 What’ the true environmental cost of Davids healthy lunch” a Shipping fruit around the world might cause global warming. b The price of fruit at the supermarket s too high € IF we don't eat enough fruit, we won't be heathy LSTENING FORGISI LISTENING FOF DETAIL LISTENING FOR OPINIONPRONUNCIATION FOR LISTENING ronan sound consonant cs can cause problems with note > write the wrong Word because you misheard the speaker. eos ated fly and cross ot feel ae ae rues 5 (QAM Listen to the consonant clusters in these sentences and underline the word the speaker says. 1 These agricultural products are already growing / going abroad. 2 We grow many kinds of tea / tree on this plantation 3. The police regularly fine / find illegal imports. 4 The company sold / sewed more clathes overseas last year, 5 The bananas are tied / timed so that they ripen together. | 6 Flying / Frying the crops causes air pollution. | 7 The products pass / passed through customs easly. | 8 | want to know why these routes cast / crossed more. | (@AB Listen and correct the mistakes in this student's notes. There hasn't been much sport rom thegovernment over the issuc of imported agricultural cps. There ave free issues with this Faso, nearly a sixefall ported fri canvot grow in our crime ate. Secondly the estate should help our own farmers rather than foreign growers. Finally, we should nt fall into the ap of not ging exough fod. What werd happen iit ide train and we were left with a focd shortage? DISCUSSION 7 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. 11 What fresh Foods are often imported in your country? 2. Do you often buy imported fresh food? Why / Why not? 3. Why do you think people in the UK buy fcod that has travelled long distances? is this also common in your country? tr usa ANOS SS | @ LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT ‘THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE The active and passive voice ‘We use the passve voice when the result ofan action is more important than vino or what made it happen (the agent). fe want to use the passive voice and include the agent, we use by. The passive I often used in formal spoken English, such as kectures Its formed with the auxiliary verb be + the past participle. Active: The Uk imports bananas from Thailand. Passive: Bananas are imported. from Thailand. Passive + agent: Bananas are imported from Thailand. by mary supermarkets. ‘Write active (A) or passive (P) next to the statements below, Ogece 1 This fruit is imported from all over the world, errs 2 Sea transport creates lewer carbon emissions than air transport 3 David has recently decided to eat a healthier diet. 4 The blueberries were flown about 1100 kilometres 5 Fruit and vegetables should be labelled with information about where they have been mported from. 2 Rewrite the sentences below using the passive voice. 1 Farmers grow tomatoes in greenhouses Tomatoes are gronn in greenhouses. 2. Companies ship frut long distances. 3 All supermarket chains import Spanish tomatoes. 4 Spanish farmers sell alt of produce for export 5 Farmers must heat greenhouses in the UK. — 6 Supermarkets should give customers more information about where their fruit comes from,GLOBALIZATION AND ENVIRONMENT VOCABULARY 3 Complete the text with words from the box. ‘carbon footprint transportation climate change. ‘environment processing produce supply chain carbon dioxideemissions imported purchasing PREPARING TO LISTEN 1 You are going to listen to a presentation on energy use in production. Before you listen, ciscuss the questions below in pairs USING YOUR KNOWLEDGE 11 What can farmers who live irc countries? 2 Not including growing food, what other parts of the pr food to your pl limates do 0 rage plants from hot ess of getting dn yous think use energy? WHILE LISTENING “A lot of us try to have the smallest possible : 2 @IBE Listen to the present ‘0 reduce our impact on the environment, but almost al fod the order they are discussed. a _____, mostly by lorry and zeroplane Number the statements (a-e) in LISTENING FOR ‘a Many people believe that locally grown food is more environmentally friendly — Ooiine Data shows that food distribution is only a small part of the energy used in food production. More and more people are trying to eat a healthy diet - way we produce food can harm the environment. = Data shows that the largest portion of energy used in the UK food system is used in households, for storing and oreparing food produces resi Onna putting products into tins, for c ‘example, ao uses alot of energy. How can eating ata restaurant, help with eis? If you want ro cat well without contributing to a «tty The Locavore, We serve delicious food that is less damaging to the es TERS Toa We keep out food ® as short as possible by m direcely from farms within 40 kilometres ofthe resurant and nocbuying a single'*_ ingredient, ftom locally sourced fruit and vegetables co bread we make on-site from wheat grown ten kilometes away.3 QU Listen to the presentation again and complete the pie chart with the words in the box. LISTENING FOR DETAIL households agriculture food service wholesale andrretall packaging transport processing ENERGY USE IN FOOD PRODUCTION ate ey yh rs yaa bys POST-LISTENING. 4 Read the sentences from the presentation and underine the cause of the action in each sentence. 1 Due to general changes in lifestyle, people these days are increasingly eating a healthier det. 2 You can buy fresh fruit and vegetables from all over the world. AS result it's easier than ever to find food that's good for you at the supermarket. 3 thas been suggested that we should choose domestic foods over ‘overseas foods, because of aeroplanes creating pollution that causes environmental problems. 4 Experts argue that foods that are the least damaging to the ‘environment are usually the ones grown locally. Consequently, some people believe that lacal foods are always more environmentally friendly 5 These greenhouses are heated, which therefore produces carbon dioxide. 5 Circle the language that indicates the cause of the action in each % Complete the sentences with ideas of your own. 1 Due to improvements in food processing techniques. 2 Food travels to supermarkets by aeroplane. As a result 3. Locally grown foods have a smaller carbon footprint. Consequently 4 Producing food packaging uses alot of energy, which therefore DISCUSSION 7 Work with a partner. Describe a meal that you enjoy eating. Then discuss the questions. 1 Which countries do the ingredients come from? 2.Do you think it takes a lot of energy to produce the ingredients? Why / Why not? [At the end of this unit you are going to do the speaking tak below. Give a presentation on the following: How can we ensure chat workers | in developing countries are paid fairly forthe food we import? TE a ets : ions of 100% or the entre cite, mt erate Scere ee aaa THEPRICE OF A ran BANANA me WHOGEIS WHAT? UNDERSTAND mer ER loge scenes t Fipeing Semen Dstinion || What does each section of the chart represent? 2. How many different activities does the chart present information about? 3 If the government reduced taxes on bananas to 10%, what would happen to theoller percentages i he har?UNDERSTANDING DATA IN A PIE CHART 2 Look at the pie chart and answer the questions below, 11 What account for the biggest share of the price of bananas? 2 What accounts for the smallest share? 3 Which accounts for a greater share: international transport or distribution? 14. What share does ripening contribute to the price of bananas? '5 What total percentage do import licences contribute to the pie chart? (ANALYZING AND USING DATA IN A PIE CHART 3 Does the ple char support or contrat the Following statements? —_* We suppor) or contadt () 1 The cost of transporting baraas from the plantation tothe TieSravker accounts forthe gest hare of thelr price, of bananas a | 2 Import ences contribute nearly the same amount to the price of bananas a5 international transport cots 4 The ipeing process accounts for amc bigger share ofthe ! ANALYZE I price of bananas than the growing process — 6 Supermarket costs are usually more than half of the price 4 Work with a partner and answer the questions below. 11 Why might supermarket costs contribute so much to the price of bananas? 2 Why might the cost of growing bananas contribute so little? 3. Why might plantation owners receive much more than workers? 4 If governments reduced the cost of import licences, what effect would it probably have on the supermarke: section inthe pie chart? Why? effect would it probably have on the overall price of bananas? Why? 5 Taxes contribute the smallest amount to the price of bananas, of bananas. = 5 if plantation workers received twice as much money per banana, what 1 Complete the introduction to the presentation below using the words ‘and phases from the box ‘would ike to show alot of discussion lookat many people believe they say others have pointed out consider Id like to talk about __ where your money goes when you buy a cup of coffee. There has been © in the media recently about fair prices for the people in countries who grow crops like coffee. that i's not right that a cup of coffee can cost £3 or more, of which the farmers only get afew pennies. However, ®. that the coffee beans are only one part ofthe cost of supplying cup of cof. that the other Ingredients, such as milk and sugar are abo a big par of the cos of cup of coffee. However, 1 that in 2 typical cole house, che ingredients are only a small par of the ‘overall cost, Let's _ some data, Ifyou the information on this chart 2 @M Listen and check your answers to Exercise |DESCRIBING A PIE CHART 3 Look atthe pie char forthe price ofa cup of coffee in the UK below and complete the sentences with the words from the box. THE Fae capa Adon 26, IN THE UK Prot ot Luar 18 at cae z ‘The largest part accounts for Three parts are related to ‘each make up atotal of _more than a quarter of ‘they make up. of the cost is administration, at 26%. That's the cost per cup. 2 Labour —______18% of the cost. 3 Tax, profit, and rent _ about 1% of the cost, or 42% of the price of your cup of coffee. the product you take away ~ milk at 6%, the ‘cup, sugar and lid at 4% and the coffee itself at 2% Together, 12% of the price you pay. 4 DRAWING CONCLUSIONS FROM DATA 4 QI Listen to the next part of the presentation and number the ‘expressions (a-g) in the order you hear them, a Asyoucan see bb This pie crart shows € You'll notice that d Finally, Id lke to draw your attention to e Next Firstly g Secondly HLT TIL 55 Match the sentence halves. 1 You can see that in a typical cup of coffee, 2 This data shows that the raw ingredients only 3. This means that it may be possible 4 Looking at the chart, we can conclude 5 In summary, the data shows that the two biggest account for 12% of the price you pay. b parts of the cost of a cup of coffee are administration and labour. « that we could pay coffee farmers a lot more for coffee beans, and offee drinkers woul notice the diference. d to increase the price we pay for raw materials without significantly raising the cost of a cup of coffee. «the milk can cost three times as much as the coffee itself. ‘SPEAKING TASK ‘Give a presentation on the following: How can we ensure that workers sn Geveloping countries are paid fairly for the food we import? 11 Work with a partner and choose one of the statements below. You are going to give a presentation agreeing or disagreeing with I. 1 Food producers and exporters should be responsible for helping workers in developing countries get a fair deal 2 Governments in importing countries should take the lead in sharing their income from the food trade with workers in developing countries 3. Consumers should put pressure on supermarkets and distributors to do more for workers in developing countries 2. Look at the ple chart from the Critical thinking section on page 25 and the statement you have chosen for your presentation. Answer the questions below. 1 Which segments of the chart relate to your statement? 2 What data evidence is therein the pie chart that supports your view? 3 What data evidence in the pie chart contradicts your view? PREPARE3 Using the information inthe char, organize your points inthe order you ‘want to speak bout them. Remember to put the most important points first and suppert your points with data. Remember to use language from ‘the Preparation for speaking section in your points. 4 Write notes ard a conclusion to help you organize your presentation 3 Practise the presentation with your partner. Remember to use language ‘from the Preparation for speaking section to organize your talk and present data ' Work with a new partner. Take turns to give your presentation, ‘TASK CHECKLIST Did you set the context in the introduction? Did you describe the pie chart? Did you support your view with data? Did you draw a conclusion supported by the pie chart? wacee Laren Ann raDEE LS “OBJECTIVES REVIEW Jean... understand a video abot Ao) ‘the global food supply chain, present data using a pie chart. | catbon dioxide emissions (n) carbon footprint (n) ‘imate change (7) crop (n) “imported (ad) provider (n) tice paddy (n) supply chain (o) very not very well well very not very well well mS very rot very well well es very not very -sgricultral (adv) -agricuiture (0) -consue () envionment (0) vexpor:(v) processing (9) produce () _ produce fy) purchase) “transportation (a)eg tatoe! Pegs on nasa! Padua fend ro penne pas ‘regs! paafos! ‘rasp ‘safe nrasspotterjond 8 i " © “ fest ® 0 0 o andor ering orange fang sterner fenton dx psa bso sess ofthe snout of con done oneones ees posce ‘te way ee waar chron penor abo oor sees i nn spinesachana a futon vee at pon nage mous ‘tes waer anlar anchor nse ‘wand grotto oer couney se beagle nfm arter coy ‘opp. geo tstondor val aban saponin restos ‘oath pomermaden lige gariteto bess ‘ona sone orbmgsametirg ro exeree sonere wo porting {fel ll eink ex gown ‘teayzamefpeapeand tire that we chain gether Fn te [Biren trace oth poem wha bai {etic tem of veties or geting frm one poet snatherLISTENING (20 marks) USTENING 1 1 EE Listen to the presentation and complete the pie chants with a percentage (e.g. 20%) 1 mark for each correct answer. Astudes to lobslzatin: Chine ‘Attitudes to globalization: Trkey Much too Much 00 Slowiy Abittoo About ight 1 det km Teen row USTENING 2 2 (AEE Liston to a radio programme about globalization and culute. Choose the correct option (ac) to.complete the statements. 2 marks for each correct answer, 1 The cultural changes as a resutof globalization 2... are mostly bad. bb... area mixture of good and bed. are mostly good. 2 A possible problem with American culture is that 2. Itmeans people don't have enough contact with their own culture bb itis eld fashioned and boring, « .. young people might stop being interested in their own culture, 3 These days, most people around the world 2... are only interested in American culture b ... still spend at least half ther time interacting with their ovm culture ~-ar@ no longer interested in Americar culture Walzer Lert Ako sree S0LLS4YEAeHS BOOK mennaRE MoNEGE UN a 8 FT4 Dr Martinis excited because ‘2. American culture is becoming less popular B she expects to s2e fins and music coming from many countries in future 1 has mad it easier to listen to music and watch fim, the inter 5. Dr Martin says that ue globaizston 2 vill never happen bony valves American culture ¢ si going to start soon. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT (15 marks) 13 Match the words to make phrases from this unit. 1 mark for each corect arse 1 carbon dioxide 2 footprint 2 can er 3 Se ° onto iw afl < 3 a a> ° weal 4 Plants that are grown on a farm 2 Another name fr farming 3 Te buy something, especialy for business 14 Turing a natural food into 3 manufactured product 5. Brought from another country 6 People wi buy and use a product '5 Complete the second sentence in each pair so thatit means the same asthe fst. Use the pastive owe, Don't use the words in (brackets) 1 matk for each correct answer, 1 (They) often transport food by aeroplane. Food — by aeroplane. 2 (People) should pay farmers in poor countries more for the food that they produce Famers in poor countries. {or the food that they produce. 13 (Shops) allover the world sll agricultural products from my country. ‘Agricultural products from my county. 16 (You) ean reduce your carbon footprint ifyou eat loca foods. Your carbon footprint ifyou eat loca foods 5 (We) didh'timport these vegetables ~they'e from this country. These vegetables. = they're from this county. allover the wold TOTAL 739 98 uNtook USTENNG AND SPEAKING A TEACH 220K mr Came ay Pn 7HYou sre going to give @ two-minute presentation on the following question: "When we buy petal for our cas, here does the money go? 1 Lcok at the pe chart shows a percentage breakdown of the price of petiol in @ European court Think about possible causes and effects ofthe different figures inthe chart. The price of petrol Who gets what? Patil 45. Marketing, 15% Distibuton, 153 Retning, 2 Work alone to prepare your presentation. Put the mast important points in your presentation fist ‘and support them with data, Write notes and a conclusion to help you organize your presentation, 3 Work with a partner. Give your presentation PRESENTING DATA IN A PIE CHART Cause-offect relationships Dueto because of “Asa resultof this, Consequently, - which therefore Describing charts and data Idlke to talk about ‘There has been allot of discussion inthe mein recently about ‘Meny people belave shat However, others hve poinsed out that However, | would lke to show that LLetslook at some data you consider the information ir this chart Describing 2 pie chart ‘The largest part ofthe costs ‘Thats more than half the cost accounts for X% ofthe cost 1 3X%, and ... each mal total of % “Throe parts are related to Together, they make up XS ofthe price Drawing conclusions from data This pie chat shows First... Secondly atention to Youll notice that ‘Asyou can see This data shows that This means that it may be possible to Finally the chart shows Looking at the chant, we can conclude that. In summary, the data shows that Lp about X% of the cost, ora Next, Id lke to draw your ‘nex USTEMNS AND SFEAKNG SALSA TEACHERS 500K none Camber Pes 204117RONUNCIATION ACTIVITY UNITS 1 AND 2 CONSONANT CLUSTERS Find a route from START to FINISH. You may only go through @ word fit has one sylable. You can move horizontally (3) or vertcally€H only START texts asked lengths problem rivers + profit items stopped city final ++ +e +4 ~~ purchase consume straight — groups split + + + + ++ process private. demand unite walked months + + A + + Present minutes —_travell jasons wanted === bought + + + + provide import manage visits sereen ¥ FINISH