2.

SUGGESTIONS
SHALL

1. SHALL I GET YOU A CUP OF COFFEE?

1. OFFERS

2. WE SHALL GO TO THE BEACH TOMRROW.

1. REQUESTS
WOULD

1. WOULD YOU COME HERE FOR A MINUTE? YES, I WILL.

1. CERTAINTY

1. CHARLIE WILL COME TOMORROW. IT’S MY BIRTHDAY.

2. REQUESTS

2. WILL YOU PLEASE HOLD THE DOOR FOR ME?

3. OFFERS
WILL

(FUTURE)

3. HOLD ON. I WILL HELP YOU WITH YOUR HOMEWORK.

ADVICE/OPINION

1. SHE SHOULD BE AT HOME BY NOW. SHE GOT OUT OF WORK AN

SHOULD

HOUR AGO.
1. CERTAINTY

2. CERTAINTY

2. WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO FINISH ON TIME.

(PRESENT)

(FUTURE)

3. I THINK YOU SHOULD SLEEP MORE. (ADVICE)

3. GIVE

4. THE SERVICE SHOULD BE BETTER (OPINION)

ONE WORD MODALS

3. PROHIBITION
2. NECESSITY/
1. CERTAINTY

1. SHE MUST BE RICH. SHE DRIVES A TESLA.

OBLIGATION

(NEGATIVE
MUST

2. YOU MUST BE 18 TO DRINK IN CHILE.

(PRESENT)

3. YOU MUST NOT SMOKE IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

FORM)
3.SUGGESTION
2. CERTAINTY

1. HE MIGHT BE A TEACHER. HE’S ALWAYS CARRYING A BRIEFCASE.

MIGHT

1. CERTAINTY

2. WE MIGHT VISIT AUSTRALIA NEXT YEAR. WE HAVEN’T DECIDED YET.

(PRESENT)

(FUTURE)

3. IT MIGHT BE GOOD FOR YOU TO MEET NEW PEOPLE.

(REQUEST AND
3. PERMISSION
1. CERTAINTY

2. CERTAINTY

1. I SNEEZED TODAY. I MAY HAVE A COLD.

MAY

2. IF MY MOM REALIZES A LOST HER RING, SHE MAY GET UPSET.

(PRESENT)

4. OFFERS
(FUTURE)

3. MAY I LEAVE THE ROOM FOR A WHILE?

GIVE)

4. MAY I CARRY YOUR SUITCASE, MADAM?

3. CERTAINTY (FUTURE)

1. ANNABETH COULD READ BEFORE SHE STARTED SCHOOL.

4. PERMISSION (ONLY

2. A) I’M NOT SURE, BUT I THINK SHE IS A VET. B) ROSE HATES

PETS. SHE COULDN’T BE A VETERINARIAN.
5. SUGGESTIONS
1. ABILITY (PAST)
COULD

3. THE WORLD COULD BECOME A BETTER PLACE.

2. CERTAINTY

6. REQUESTS
4. COULD I BORROW YOUR NOTES FOR A SECOND?
(PRESENT)

7. OFFERS
REQUEST)
5. YOU COULD TRY TO BE NICER SOMETIMES.
6. MR. YOUNG, COULD YOU HELP ME WITH THIS EXERCISE?
7. COULD I TAKE THE MESSAGE FOR YOU?

3.CERTAINTY CAN’T
1. YOU CAN LEARN AT LEAST FIVE NEW WORDS EVERYDAY.
1. ABILITY (PRESENT
OR IN GENERAL)
2. A) CAN I GO OUT TOMORROW? B) YES, YOU CAN.

6. PROHIBITION
(REQUEST AND
2. PERMISSION
3. THAT CAR CAN’T BE HIS. HE IS BROKE.

4. REQUESTS
CAN
4. CAN I GET A WAFFLE? CAN I PLEASE GET A WAFFLE?

5. OFFERS
5. CAN I DO THAT FOR YOU SISTER?

(CAN’T)
6. YOU CANNOT USE YOUR CELLPHONE IN CLASS.

GIVE)
 1. DO YOU HAVE TO WORK THIS MONDAY? YES, I HAVE TO BE THERE
AT 9AM.
1. NECESSITY/

3. CERTAINTY
HAVE TO

OBLIGATION

2. YOU DO NOT HAVE TO COME TOMORROW. IT IS NOT

2. LACK OF

(NEGATIVE
NECESSITY

MANDATORY.
FORM)

3. SHE DOESN’T HAVE TO WORK ON WEEKENDS.

4. THE EXAM HAS TO BE HER. IT HAS HER NAME ON IT.
HAVE GOT TO

1. NECESSITY/

2. CERTAINTY

1. I HAVE GOT TO BE THERE AT 10 OR I’LL MISS MY FLIGHT.

OBLIGATION

2. HE HAS GOT TO SEND THE REPORT BEFORE MIDNIGHT.

3. SHE HAS GOT TO BE HERE. HER BAG IN ON THE TABLE
1. EXPECTATION

1. YOU ARE TO ARRIVE ON TIME.

BE TO

2. WE ARE TO DRINK 2 LITERS OF WATER A DAY.

3. I AM NOT TO LEAVE BEFORE I FINISH MY WORK.
PHRASAL MODALS

BE SUPOSSED TO

1. EXPECTATION

1. WE ARE SUPPOSED TO BE HERE AT 8AM.

2. I AM NOT SUPPOSED TO WEAR HOODIES AT WORK.
BE GOING TO

1. CERTAINTY

1. I’M PRETTY SURE AMANDA IS GOING TO BE THE FIRST TO

(FUTURE)

ARRIVE.
2. BRUCE PROBABLY IS NOT GOING TO COME TO THE PARTY.
BE ALLOWED TO

1. PROHIBITION/

1. YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO GO OUT ON WEEKDAYS.

(NEGATIVE
NECESSITY

2. YOU ARE ALLOWED TO GO OUT ON WEEKENDS.

LACK OF

FORM)
BE ABLE TO

(SINGLE EVENTS)
2. PAST ABILITITY
1. IF I KEEP STUDYING, I WILL BE ABLE TO GET A GOOD GRADE

1. ABILITY (ALL
ON THE EXAM.
2. LAST NIGHT, THE TEAM WAS ABLE TO WIN.

TENSES)
 1. YOU’D BETTER NOT SPEAK LIKE THAT TO YOUR MOTHER.
1. WARNING
HAD BETTER

2. YOU HAD BETTER RETURN THAT TODAY OR YOU WON’T BE

ABLE TO GET YOUR MONEY BACK.
MODAL-LIKE EXPRESSIONS

1. THE CONCERT OUGHT TO BE GOOD. THE TICKETS ARE

1. CERTAINTY

2. CERTAINTY
OUGHT TO

SOLD OUT.
3. ADVICE/

2. THE PLANE OUGHT TO BE LANDING BEFORE THE

(PRESENT)

OPINION
(FUTURE)

SCHEDULED.
3. YOU OUGHT TO GO HOME IF YOU ARE TOO BUSY.
4. PEOPLE OUGHT TO BE MORE RESPECTFUL. (OPINION)