Hikvision IP Camera

Hikvision Certified Security Associate

HCSA 1
Training Objectives

 Familiar with Hikvision IP cameras function

 Master the configuration of IP cameras

HCSA 2
Contents
 Image Adjustment
 Night
 Strong light
 Fast moving objects
 Others

 Bandwidth Control
 Audio & alarm
 Troubleshooting

HCSA 3
Tips to Enhance Image Quality at Night

How to achieve a good and clear image at night?

DAY &
NIGHT IR/SMART IR AGC DNR DARKFIGHTER
SWITCH

HCSA 4
Day & Night Switch
 At night or under low illumination scenes, the camera switch from color mode to B/W mode
automatically, which can improve low-light performance effectively.

Day (color) mode Night (black and white) mode

 A network camera with day/night functionality has an automatically removable infrared-cut filter.
The filter is on during daytime, enabling the camera to produce colors as the human eye sees them.
At night, the filter is removed to enable the camera to take advantage of near infrared light and
produce good quality, black and white images. This is one way of extending a network camera’s
usefulness in low-light conditions.
HCSA 5
ICR (IR-Cut Filter Removable)
 ICR sits behind a camera lens, and in front of the image sensor. The role of an IR-cut filter is to filter out
infrared light to enable cameras to produce colors that the human eye sees. However, if the filter is
removed under low light or nighttime conditions, the camera’s sensor is able to take advantage of infrared
light and deliver black and white images even when there is not enough visible light.

• An IR illuminator that provides infrared

light can also be used in conjunction with
a day/night camera to further enhance
the camera’s ability to produce high-
quality video in low-light or complete
darkness. Day/night cameras with built-in
IR illuminators are also available.

HCSA 6
Day & Night Switch Configuration
 Configuration > Advanced Configuration> Image> Display Settings

Day, night, auto, schedule, and triggered by alarm input are

selectable for day/night switch.

HCSA 7
Day & Night Switch
Color & B/W Switch Day, Night, Auto, Scheduled, Alarm Multiple mode
Triggered
Sensitivity 0~7 Judged by photoresistance
Filtering Time (s) 5~120 After this period of time, the color &
B/W mode switch
Smart IR ON/OFF Prevent overexposure

Day: the camera stays at day mode.

Night: the camera stays at night mode.
Auto: the camera switches between the day mode and the night mode according to the illumination automatically. The
sensitivity ranges from 0~7, the higher the value is, the easier the mode switches. The filtering time refers to the interval
time between the day/night switch. You can set it from 5s to 120s.
Schedule: Set the start time and the end time to define the duration for day/night mode.
Triggered by alarm input: The switch is triggered by alarm input, and you can set the triggered mode to day or night.

HCSA 8
Smart IR
 Smart IR function gives user an option to adjust the power of the IR LED, thus providing a clear
image that is not overexposed or too dark.

Manual mode: Configure the distance by control

Smart IR off Smart IR on the current intensity of the led
Auto mode: Auto-adjust the current intensity of
the IR led

HCSA 9
AGC
 AGC(Auto Gain Control) amplify the signal from CCD to make it brighter during night time. This
amplification is called gain. The camera can auto adjust the gain control according to signal level.
 Advance: increase dynamic range;
 Disadvantage: amplify noise as well.

AGC Off AGC On

HCSA 10
DNR
 Through DNR function we can reduce the noise to get a better quality image during night.
 Hikvision cameras adopt 3D digital noise reduction to provide images with less noise in low-light surveillance
scenes compared to conventional cameras. 3D DNR can be used to enhance image quality and save
bandwidth.

HCSA 11
DNR

 3D DNR (EXPERT MODE)

 Space domain->static noise,
vague
 Time domain –> inter-frame
noise reduction - dynamic
noise, moving image trail

HCSA 12
Darkfighter

• Darkfighter adopts the most advanced CMOS

sensor, with the optimized 3D DNR algorithm. The
minimum illumination in color mode is 0.002Lux.
• This is achieved through the optimal selection of
the image sensor and lens, and advanced imaging
processing technology.

Provide unrivaled color image in

a low light environment.

Darkfighter Normal camera

HCSA 13
Contents
 Image Adjustment
 Night
 Strong light
 Fast moving objects
 Others

 Bandwidth Control
 Audio & alarm
 Troubleshooting

HCSA 14
WDR (Wide Dynamic Range)
• WDR: WDR cameras often incorporate an image sensor that takes different exposures of a scene (e.g., a short
exposure for very bright areas and long exposure for dark areas) and combine them into one image, enabling
objects in both bright and dark areas of a scene to be visible.
120dB WDR

Enable WDR may reduce the image

quality (image looks grey) in normal
140dB WDR Triple-exposure WDR
situation.

HCSA 15
BLC (Back Light Compensation)

 BLC: If you focus on an object against strong backlight, the object is usually too
dark to be seen clearly. BLC compensates light to the object in the front to make it
clear.
 It enables objects in the foreground to be seen clearly, although the background
areas will be changed.

OFF, Up, Down, Left, Right, Center

and customize are selectable.

HCSA 16
HLC (High Light Compensation)
 Compensate the strong light in the picture, so that the surrounding area wouldn’t
be over-exposed and still could be seen.
 Widely used in traffic monitoring, where license plates must be recognized.

HCSA 17
WDR vs. BLC vs. HLC
WDR BLC HLC
Core technology Circuit module & Algorithm Algorithm
algorithm
Advantage Twice or triple Areas are selectable /
exposures
Disadvantage Consume CPU Background may be /
overexposed

Origin BLC WDR

 Users should choose the mode appropriately according to the real scene to form the optimal
image.
HCSA 18
WDR vs. BLC vs. HLC

DEFOG
HIGH
FRAME BLC WDR DEFOG
RATE

BLC
WDR

• For Hikvision cameras, WDR are conflicted with high • For Hikvision cameras, BLC is conflict
frame rate, defog and BLC function. They cannot be with WDR and defog function. They
enabled at the same time. cannot be enabled at the same time.

HCSA 19
Contents
 Image Adjustment
 Night
 Strong light
 Fast moving objects
 Others

 Bandwidth Control
 Audio & alarm
 Troubleshooting

HCSA 20
Fast Moving Objects
 Use high frame rate camera in the condition that the bitrate is enough, such as 4XXXFWD
camera.
 Decrease the exposure time to reduce the tailing.
 For less than or equal to 70km/h vehicle speed, we recommend 1/200s or 1/250s exposure time.
 To see the vehicle clearly at night, lower the contrast a little bit and set the 3D DNR to 20~30
or even lower.
 Disable WDR to reduce tailing.

HCSA 21
Contents
 Image Adjustment
 Night
 Strong light
 Fast moving object
 Others

 Bandwidth Control
 Audio & alarm
 Troubleshooting

HCSA 22
Foggy Climate
 By modeling the imaging features of smoke, dust, fog, etc., defog technology effectively restores details
and color to obtain accurate and natural video. Defog technology helps maintain clarity in images captured
in poor weather conditions such as smog, or fog.

Defog OFF Defog ON

HCSA 23
Lens Distortion Correction
 Some of Hikvision 4 line cameras support lens distortion function.

Barrel Distortion

 All lenses have distortion

 If the original image is OK, do not enable
distortion correction

HCSA 24
Rotation mode

 Rotate
 To make a complete use of the 16:9 aspect ratio, you can enable the rotate function when you use the
camera in a narrow view scene.
 When installing, turn the camera to the 90 degrees or rotate the 3-axis lens to 90 degrees, and set the rotate
mode as on, you will get a normal view of the scene with 9:16 aspect ratio to ignore the needless information
such as the wall, and get more meaningful information of the scene.

Rotate
mode on

HCSA 25
Contents
 Image Adjustment
 Bandwidth Control
 Key Factors
 Bandwidth control on Camera

 Audio & alarm

 Troubleshooting

HCSA 26
Bandwidth and Storage Calculations

It depends on the following factors:

• Video compression type: H.264, MPEG-4, Motion JPEG, H.264+,
H.265
• Scene: Image complexity (e.g., gray wall or a forest), lighting
conditions and amount of motion (e.g., office environment or
crowded train stations)
• Image resolution
• Frame rate (Frames per second)
• I-frame interval
• Number of cameras will be recorded
• ......

HCSA 27
VBR vs. CBR
 In Variable bit rate (VBR), the image
quality is constant but as a result, the bit
rate is variable.
 It is suitable for the scene with different
movements in different time.
 Can’t estimate an accurate
bandwidth/storage consumption.
 In Constant bit rate (CBR), the bit rate is
constant but as a result, the image quality is
variable.
 It is suitable for the scene with constant
movement.
 Can estimate an “average”
bandwidth/storage consumption.

Bit rate Bit rate

(VBR) (CBR)

Time Time
HCSA 28
Video Compression Standard

• HD video makes it possible to see more details, but at the same time it brings extra
cost on transmission bandwidth and storage.
• Video compression standard is the key to help you reduce the cost and enjoy HD.
YUV-PSNR(dB)

45
44

43
42

41
40
H.262/MPEG-2MP
39
MPEG-4 ASP
38
H.263 CHC
37 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HP
36 H.265
35
Bitrates(Kbps)
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Performance Comparison on 1080P Encoding

HCSA 29
Image Complexity

 Complex images and more movements generate higher bit rates.

HCSA 30
Resolution
 More pixels  More bit rate
 Total numbers of pixels defines the bit rate.
 Higher resolutions will improve image quality but increases the cost!

HCSA 31
Frame Rate
 More frames per second means more bitrate!
 Choose the right FPS for your application!

25FPS, smooth

2FPS, not smooth, video jumps.

HCSA 32
Frame Type
 I-frame: independently compressed; larger amount of data.
 P-Frame: difference from previous I or P frame
 Intra-Frame Period specifies the time between I-frames

I-frames
P-frames consume more
consume less bandwidth
bandwidth

……
I B B P B B P I

I frame
Real image
interval Real image
(I-frame) (I-frame)

HCSA 33
Contents
 Image Adjustment
 Bandwidth Control
 Key Factors
 Bandwidth control on Camera

 Audio & alarm

 Troubleshooting

HCSA 34
Bandwidth Control

 Network video products utilize network bandwidth and storage space based on
their configuration. Under insufficient bandwidth, we need to lower the bitrate in
order to see the video.
 Choose the right stream type
 Main stream
 Sub stream
 Third stream
 Set the lower resolution and frame rate if there is no enough bandwidth.

HCSA 35
H.264+
 Based on the current H.264 standard, Hikvision analyzed and optimized the encoding, and
developed H.264+ that reduces the bandwidth and storage requirements.
 H.264+ is similar to the H.264 compression standard, but saves both bandwidth and storage
requirements by an average of a half or more in typical surveillance applications.

Different surveillance Bandwidth/storage space

scenarios comparison between H.264+
and H.264
Fixed Scene with few moving H.264+ saves 75 percentages
objects
Fixed scene with many H.264+ saves half
General Surveillance Scenario Features moving objects in a certain
1. Fixed camera with few background changes time period(not very
2. No frequent moving objects frequently)
3. Moving objects are the interesting monitor
targets Changing scenes with moving Nearly the same
4. 24/7 surveillance video, easily affected by objects all the time
image noise

HCSA 36
H.264+ Configuration

When H.264+ is enabled:

 Only variable bitrate type. The bitrate will be
controlled by the algorithm to maintain the
long-term average bitrate.
 I frame interval is auto-adjusted by
algorithm.
 Third Stream, Stream Smoothing, ROI, Target
Cropping, High Frame Rate are not available.

Max. Average Bitrate is used to calculate the HDD space.

HCSA 37
The Bitrate Revolution

Variabl Average Average bitrate

Constan
e Bitrate Controls the storage
t Bitrate
Bitrate

 Bitrate always stays at the max.  Bitrate changes with the scene, but is  The bitrate changes with the scene,
 Storage is calculated according to the unpredictable. yet is predictable.
maximum.  Storage still must be calculated  The storage can be calculated
according to the maximum. according to the average bitrate.

HCSA 38
ROI
 ROI (Region of Interest) encoding helps to discriminate the ROI and background information in video
compression, which means, the technology assigns more encoding resource to the region of interest, thus
to increase the quality of the ROI whereas the background information is less focused.
 Configuration: Configuration – Video/Audio - ROI

HCSA 39
ROI Example

ROI Region

HCSA 40
ROI Levels at Reduced Bandwidth

2048
2048Kb/s
Kb/sROI=2
ROI=1
ROI=3
8192 Kb/s Reference No ROI

HCSA 41
Target Cropping

 You can specify a target area on the live video, and then it can be displayed via the
third stream in some certain resolution, thus providing more details of the target
area if needed.

HCSA 42
Target Cropping Example

HCSA 43
Target Cropping Example

Choose the third stream in live view

HCSA 44
Target Cropping Example

HCSA 45
Contents
 Image Adjustment
 Bandwidth Control
 Key Factors
 Bandwidth control on Camera

 Audio & alarm

 Troubleshooting

HCSA 46
Audio Support and Equipment
 A network video system with integrated audio support. Audio and video streams are sent over the
same network cable.

Audio Stream

IP Network

Video Stream
Client

 With mic-in/line-in support, users have the option of using another type or quality of microphone
than the one that is built into the camera or video encoder.

MicIn and LineIn are selectable for the connected

microphone and pickup respectively.

HCSA 47
Microphone vs Pickup
Comparison Microphone Pickup
Interface Mic In Audio In or Line In
Direction Unidirectional Omnidirectional
Quality Not good Good
Sensitivity Low High
Power Passive Active
Application Shop, ATM, etc. Law enforcement

 Multiple factors affect the audio quality.

 The user must choose all of them carefully.

HCSA 48
Alarm In

 N.O.
 N.C. Triggering Mode:
Low Level: Normally Open
High Level: Normally Closed

HCSA 49
Alarm Out

2 line IP camera:
 Electric current goes from “Alarm Out” to
“GND”
 Imax=30mA, Max. Battery voltage is DC12V

4 line IP camera:
 “1A” & “1B”, no polarity
 Imax=1A, Max. Battery voltage is DC30V.

HCSA 50
Contents
 Image Adjustment
 Bandwidth Control
 Key Factors
 Bandwidth control on Camera

 Audio & alarm

 Troubleshooting

HCSA 51
Scrolling line issue

 Issue: In AC powered artificial lighting condition, the image will appear

scrolling lines as shown below.

HCSA 52
Scrolling line issue

 Principle:

Artificial lighting AC
Light frequency voltage & brightness

MISMATCH

Line 1 Exposure time

Exposure time Line 2 Exposure time
Line 3 Exposure time
Line 4 Exposure time
……

HCSA 53
Scrolling line issue

 Solution:
1. Change exposure time setting to match the frequency.
2. Switch off WDR function.
3. Check installation and environment, make sure there is no reflection or
less reflection.

HCSA 54
Steps

 1. Switch off WDR function, the image get a little bit better, but still has
yellow lines on image.

 3. Change exposure time to 1/25, 1/50, 1/100, 1/250, until 1/2000. No

more help, some even worse.

 4. Check the installation and the environment.

HCSA 55
Steps
There are fluorescent lamps close by and When we cover the reflection
strong reflection from the wall and the points of titles, the image gets
titles. much better.

HCSA 56
Steps
 5. Change the direction of camera to avoid the reflection from walls and
titles. Then the image gets much better.
 6. Change exposure time to 1/100 and set gain to 67, and very few lines
left on image.

HCSA 57
Steps
 7. Change image brightness to 75, decrease contrast to 30 and decrease
sharpness to 20. Finally there is almost no lines on image.

HCSA 58
Comparison

HCSA 59
Thanks!

HCSA 60