Engr.

Babar Abbas
6th Semester
 Waste minimization & reuse must be initiated to
reduce the pollutant’s load.
 Source Reduction & Recycling are commonly used
as waste minimization techniques.
 Waste minimization technique can be grouped in to
four categories.
 Inventory Management & improved operations
 Modification of equipment
 Production Process changes
 Recycling & reuse
 Inventory management and improved operations
 Trace all raw materials for Inventory
 Purchase fewer toxic and more nontoxic
production materials
 Implement employee training and management
feedback
 Improve material receiving, storage, and handling
practices i.e., Housekeeping
 Inventory management and improved operations
 Inventory management and improved operations
 Modification of equipment
 Install equipment that produces minimal or no waste
 Modify equipment to enhance recovery or recycling
options
 Redesign equipment or production lines to produce
less waste
 Improve operating efficiency of equipment
 Maintain strict preventive maintenance program
 Modification of equipment
 Production process changes
 Substitute nonhazardous for hazardous raw
materials
 Segregate wastes by type for recovery
 Eliminate sources of leaks and spills
 Separate hazardous from nonhazardous wastes
 Redesign or reformulate end products to be less
hazardous
 Optimize reactions and raw material use
 Production process changes
 Recycling and reuse
 Install closed-loop systems
 Recycle on-site for reuse
 Recycle off site for reuse
 Exchange Waste
 Source Management & control process can be
divided in to three phases.

Phase I: Pre-Assessment
Phase II: Mass balance
Phase III-Synthesis
Phase I: Pre-Assessment
 Audit focus and preparation
 Identify unit operations and processes
 Prepare process flow diagrams
Phase II: Mass balance
 Determine raw material inputs
 Record water usage
 Assess present practice and procedures
 Quantify process outputs
 Account for emissions:
 To atmosphere
 To wastewater
 To off-site disposal
 Assemble input and output information
 Derive a preliminary mass balance
 Evaluate and refine the mass balance
Phase II: Mass balance
Phase III-Synthesis
 Identify options
 Identify opportunities
 Target problem areas
 Confirm options
 Evaluate options
 Technical
 Environmental
 Economic
 Prepare action plan
 Waste reduction plan
 Production efficiency plan
 Training
 Company Management
 Integrated source Control
 Benefits
 Optimized end of pipe treatment