You are on page 1of 2

‫       

ر
ا     ا ن‬-١
      
                       ! "# $ %  $ &  ' ( )"* +   , - .   /   0 1 2   3 4 #  5  6  . /  ...
Pegasus H '  I"
8 "    " F    ' ( + G  @ 8 "    "   B C  D  E ,     5  8 "9 :  ( 8 0 ;  < = > ?  @   #   A  ? +   ,  ,   " 
F    U' 1 V  /   , Q   1 N  E >S "*  > O , > "P  G >   ? Q  1  , %  # T  R  #  N  E  A  0 O ,    / P Q   B  5 G J 4 K L  M 
)/ UB
]  # E Q /
) Minos Y Z Q / [ '   ' 4 / \  Deadalus  , Icaarus and Deadalus  "G 4 0 Q /
 X 1 %   R  W 1 8 "    0
 ` #  E Q L K / P 1 _ 0  ` ?     )   \ B   E H   5  X  # 
  & Icaarus Q /
1  = ^  [ /
 A   &  _ 0    )  5  8 K / P 1
.> ?  b c    ` "a
  U&     /  8  ' 
Q @  G + "O  L
]  ? e .  King Kaj Kaoos of Persia D '     Y Z 5 G e  L E 8 "'     &  ' (   1 d
.Q L  f N  E
.     & 8 "    j
  L 
1 4
i 400 B.C. ]  G h "/ "B   O ? 5   , Kites 8 "?    F  g      L W % 1 = d
h G  .  k G 8 L O   8  " W X  W 1 5  1 _ 0   5  8 K / P 1 )/ B
]  # E   "           %   Y .  8 #  S   #  % S W d
8 K / P 1 c S o G    +  "       n c S o G ( Q &  # ' 4 C
 \ O   p c  q + \ L  c   a r b 1 1 m " 8 C P  E l g  L /  +   , 
.H 4  (  "  t    E 5
t  O G  \ /  s  C     IZ  ,    " 
Q U/  y  Uz    /  4 ?   N  E Kettle  P   5  w x L 0    Aeolipile  0 v   "B L
Hero   3 4 #  u    " t 4 / \ Z ]  ? d
.  4  < = e v{  M  8 ?     4 B   |    }  ~  Io      \ /  y  z  L K L E  \ "E Sphere F  , < = 
 O  1
‚ ƒ   Q     '  )"* +   , m " 8 0  P c  O ,  Z F  , c      ' 
1452d1519 D E v v    "    0  ]  '    €  C  ]  ? d
 4 L C  8   T ‰  (   "  8 K / P 1    ) Ornithopter Q      5  , „  L  k G - … † x   ` Io  6 ,   4 P 1  , ,   8 "    =
.8 / ' 300U
Q    4 C
 = -    E 1  .  € 5   , Š   ‚    Q      5  Y . , , 1 4 O Z .  k G  \ g 4 O 
 UC  X  K p 1 e n 5  F  W (  , m "     E  Hat Balloon v  /  % 1   / O
Montgolfier F  W ( ]  ? 1783 ]  G  d
 U,  Silk-bag e  U0   H ", 8 ‹ O C   _ #   r Œ ) ? N  L  5  l   /  „  I   4  L ' 4 ?  , 8 " C  c    L   e n  N   
.6000 feet = 1828 m      k G v  / Z   &  , 8 ' ) + O   H " 

: G )'  L   #  
R  UW 1 ^   '  Lift )E    P 1 5  +
 † ^  / P ] 4  L ' F      "B  % 1  C
( 1799-1850) Geory Cayley €  C  ]  ? d
:Q  G 1   1 5   propulsion )E 4   Control   K L   P 1 5 
.   )" L  0     1   
   L , k G  G
.( 8 "?  6  = F  g  & ) Glider 8 0  P c  O ,   F 4 G  p ♦
.8 K / P (   @ "IL
]  ?  Glider k G c  / " $ %  W v= 8 / ' h   % S W    L ' ♦
.  # L '  k G   4 G   0 GliderU 8 0  9 8 O ,    Tail  0 n  p ♦
.1895 ]  G  A  0 1 Ade  v‘    L ' 5     € maximU e   } V  K q F  g  & 1803 ]  G d
:Q "E „ 
 :1891]  G d
‫   ا
ا ن‬ -2- http://www.arabiceng.com ‫
  ا    ا ن ا  ب‬
: Otto Lilienthal t 4 / \ Z (a
8 E  U Z  UA      L '  Glider  B 0    = % 1    , Glider  "B  k G  G  Y "  / 0 v 0 ‰ t  v u  Z 1 t 4 / \    
.8 0  &
’    U"  8 UK / P ( Y "  / 0 v 0 ‰ t  v m " 1889 ]  G Brid Flight As The basis of Aviation Q   / G 
 L ,   4 ? 
.  \ "B L  t  ' x , - 4 L G Wright brothers + 0  F  W (  O ? 5  X  L   .  ] 4  L '
.Q  $  Q &  # ' < = R v1  f e  ? “ P    ‚ 0  r O 
  K L  Q  4 # E 4 C
& 8 " G 2500 5    , 1 4 C
c   4 ? 
: Samud P.Langley D    (b
V  ˜     Aerodrome    • F  g    y n  – —
4 ?  , F  4 ? < = y  L ” Q  j E   k G     F 4 G   Z Q  1 k G 4 L G D  E  
.1891 ]  G  " 0.75 8 E   Z c   & m " e   }
: Octare Chauute €  C  „ 
: 1894 ]  G d
X  UL ,  G    L ' Y .
 8 "/   c  " C Z  ,  " $  )™ ]  ? m " Progress In Flying Machine  / C
X  L ,  /
]  ?
.  œ   "L W )"9 t  ' x , X  L   .  + 0  F  W ( ] 4  L ' 4 ?  , €  C     v    0  "   c „  › ="
.   , ^  [ /
y  L  € c  ,  a - . A   c     8  ƒ  8 "# †  F 4 # C  +   , 8 0    O  c  ,  a d
: D U 0 „ ž   UO ? 5 U Q "UB  ’ s  "U   v U / Z  D W 4 U N  UL   V  a   C  vv Z 4 "  L  8 K P   8  ˜ % 1 d
. \ Ÿ C q   &  Airships F 4 G  p m " , H 0  
 _ "C 0  , e .  Alberto Sautos Dumant
:Wright F  W ( : 1903]  G d
. Glider %   Lilienthal  B Z c  &   1894-1895 ]  G    C  d
. GliderU 8 O  / 
Tail Airfoil 8 K / P ( %   @ 1   O L W    K   Wind Tunel D g   !     4  L '   p d
. Kite 8 "?   F  g   , GliderU ] 4  L ' ’ , 1900 ]  G   , GliderU c   O L W  % 1 d
.Q  @  8 K / P ( %  &  8 ,    m " 5  c   p  Z 8  L  8 K / P ( y n  – 200 5    , 1 ž L W d
. )E   F  ?     P 1 5  )E v ]  Ÿ  v ¡ 8 " "
]  L   
; 4
d
: Q    p   +   , 1902 ]  G  Glider U )/ p ’ Y "  / 0 v 0   c  '  v 4 C
d
5 Ft     %  &  32 Ft ^  / 9  
%  & 
.( %   @ (  Ÿ  ) 8 "   1 Elevator ! C  8 E v 
12 hp Q L G   L ' V  ˜   4  L '  c  ,  a 
 L  d
Kitty k G 4 U 605 Pound 6 U F  g  & 8  ' 
¢ 0   L   F   % (   
Orville Wright ]  ? 17-12-1903 ]  0  d
.Hawk Flyer
.
 1     0    + 0  5 0  W ( 1 4
d
. L   ", 8 E   Z Q   g  
  5      E e  /  5  £ d
.1909 ]  G _   Z e 6 "    %  / #  ž G  A   &  monoplane F  g  & —
Louis Bleriot     E  d

 / #   c  @  
c  g    ‚ "   ’ m " < ( 8 "Z  C  X  T  c  g    ] 4  L ' ’ Y n 4 C
 d
.c  g     "B L
]  L    ? 8 "Z  C  X  T 4 C
d
 "U'   F  L   =     E 8 "
  % 4  5   e  9  # /   4 A c  g  &  "B L
c 1 4
 
 1  e  9  # /  1 4
1920 ]  G  d
.8 " 0   ( F 4 K L Z c  0     o 0 1 
.   8 G  ' F v 0 6  8 †   /  c  ,  a ] 4  L ' ’ >  0 4   d

‫   ا
ا ن‬ -3- http://www.arabiceng.com ‫
  ا    ا ن ا  ب‬

You might also like