N = C2 (1-P) / A2P

N = NO. OF OBSERVATIONS TO BE COLLECTED

A = Accuracy level desired expressed in terms of error % allowed

C = Confidence level desired expressed in terms of Sigma

P = Activity % = Working obs. / Total Obs.

Or
Idle obs. / Total Obs.

Whichever is lower

N = 2 2 (1- 0.1)/ (.03)2 X 0.1 = 40000 observations

P = 10 / 100 = 0.1

r = no. of rounds = N / m ------- m is no. of objects = 40000/ 100 = 400 rounds

R = rounds per day = r / D -------- D is no. of days = 400 / 25 = 16 rounds / day

tr = time between the rounds = time per day / rounds per day = 8 x 60 / 16 = 30 mins.

9:00 –

9:30 –

10:00 –

10:30 –

t = time for each round

1/3 tr ≤ t ≤ 1/2tr

1/3 X 30 ≤ t ≤ 1/2 X 30

10 Mins. ≤ t ≤ 15 Mins.

Therefore, t will be between 10 mins. And 15 mins.

9:00 – 9:11

9:30 – 9:41

10:00 – 10:11

10:30 – 10:41

Nm = machine observations = Nh = hand observations or manual observations = 5 +5 =10

Ni = Idle Observations = 2 + 1+ 1+ 1= 5

Np = productive observations = Nm + Nh = 95

N = total No. of observations = Np + Ni = 100

t = time per unit = total study time / total work done = 10 x 8 x 60 /480 = 10 mins.

tp = productive time = t x Np/ N = 10 x 95 / 100 = 9.5 mins.

ti = idle time = t X Ni / N = 10 x 5/100 = 0.5 mins.

th = manual time = tp x Nh / Np = 9.5 x 10 / 95 = 1 min.

tm = Machine time = tp x Nm / Np = 9.5 x 85 / 95 = 8.5 mins.

N. T. = NORMAL TIME = tm + th x P. R. = 8.5 + 1 X 0.9 = 9.4 MINS.

S. T. = STANDARD TIME = N. T. + N.T X ALLOWANCES = 9.4 + 9.4 X 10/100 = 10.34 MINS.

During a work sampling study following observations were made:

Machine working – 150 observations, no power – 12 Observations, no worker – 11 observations, No

Material – 7 Observations, Machine maintenance being done - – 10 Observations, Material Loading
unloading being done - 10 observations,

 
The study was conducted for 5 days of 8 hours each and during this time 48 units were produced by
working group having performance rating of 110 % and management has decided to give allowances
of 10%, calculate the standard time.