Common Techniques to Calibrate Thermocouples

Published January 6, 2020

Temperature measurement is possible through several means. We commonly use thermometers for measuring temperature. However, for precision measurements, where ev
advanced forms of measurement devices like thermocouples. Thermocouples are measurement devices that can read very slight temperature changes. Hence, they are wide
However, like any measurement device, the efficiency of thermocouples will deteriorate overtime under constant use. At this point, the thermocouple needs recalibration.

What is a Thermocouple Calibration?

A thermocouple is essentially a sensor that detects a temperature change. A thermocouple has two dissimilar wires welded at one end and free at the other. When these wire
potential difference at the junction. This voltage at the junction is measured and correlated with the temperature. Thermocouples are made rugged and robust. They can with
measurement depends on the voltage, thermocouple calibration at regular intervals is necessary to ensure that the device can successfully recognize the voltage. The proces
accuracy against a known and standard reference.

How to Calibrate a Thermocouple?

Calibration of thermocouples requires specialized equipment. There are mainly three ways we can calibrate a thermocouple. Thermodynamic fixed-point calibration: The t
calibrate a thermocouple. This method involves comparing the thermocouple’s temperature readings against the globally accepted, fixed temperature points of common elem
the freezing point of metal like Tin is 231.928 degrees Celsius as per the ITS-90 or the International Temperature Scale developed in 1990. Keeping the reference junction at 0
thermocouple is measured during the fixed point transition where the metal materials transition from a solid to liquid. This EMF is then compared with standard measuremen
Thermodynamic fixed-point calibration is the most accurate way to calibrate a thermometer. Stirred bath or furnace method: The option between stirred bath or furnace is
at the desired level, the thermocouple to be calibrated is used to measure temperature along with a known accurate thermocouple. If the thermocouple needs calibration, the
conducted in a lab, but it is less accurate than the thermodynamic fixed-point calibration. Dry Block Calibrator: The Dry block calibrator method uses a dry-block machine. T
is then cooled or heated to a specific temperature, and thermocouple readings are measured. If the thermocouple reads the same temperature set in the dry-block, it doesn’t r
be due.

Do I Need to Calibrate Thermocouples?

Thermocouples are critical components of a system that closely measure a physical property. Such devices are expected to perform without compromise because an error o
thermocouples may get subjected to varying temperatures all day long for months on end. Generally, annual calibration is advised for every thermocouple. However, for therm
intervals. With constant use, the efficacy of the thermocouple deteriorates over time. So it is important that calibration should be made to ensure that the thermocouple works

How Often Should I Calibrate a Thermocouple?

The frequency of calibration really is up to the user. Many thermocouples are calibrated annually, but more frequent calibrations may be required depending on the conditions
high temperature exposure, severe environmental conditions or thermal or mechanical shock conditions can affect thermocouple accuracy.

How Can I Know When Was the Last Time a Thermocouple Has Been Calibrated?
There is no surefire way to determine the last service of a thermocouple from its physical appearance. However, industries keep a log of parts that have undergone calibration
should be calibrated when:

Their calibration cycle is due.

Their performance comes into question.
When subjected to unexpected or unusual operating conditions.

Thermocouples should be changed when:

The thermocouple exhibits an open circuit.

When an ungrounded thermocouple exhibits low electrical isolation from the sheath or housing.
If there is any damage to a thermocouple due to mechanical forces.
The sheath is compromised due to corrosion or oxidation.
When calibration identifies deviation of the accuracy outside of the specifications.

Quality Certifications of Thermocouples

With a temperature change, a standard thermocouple gives a reading that corresponding to the temperature change. However, how can we verify that what we see is reliable?
place to provide a reference for measurements. ISO and NIST are among the most widely renowned standards used to gauge the performance of thermocouples. At Omega E
standards. Omega uses various fluid baths, furnaces, and calibrators to perform temperature calibrations over a wide temperature range. Each heat source is outfitted with an
thermocouple calibration requirements and experience top of the line service and unparalleled work quality.

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