SPECIFICATION ISPEC. UNOCALG | wiscELLANeous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES Revi MISCELLANEOUS MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES Reviewed & Approved Date Director, HES: Ax 0A Director, Procurement & Logistics: Rw Director, Engineering & Construction: fadin Ygdew le Aus 1999 | |Manager, Wellhead Platform Group: Some Ss 7) =F — aa sa IManager, Facility Engineering: cs . ee Originator: Aen K a7 Tay aq |SPECIFICATION SPEC. GS-15 UNOCALG | MisceLLANeous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES [Royision ame PAGE 2 OF15 Revision Description Date 2 [All drafted and reviewed by North Pailin Preliminary engineering team | 23 Jun 90 and internal review engineers (J. Niezner, Amnat S., Nuttaphong N., J Black and Artit K.)GS-15 SPECIFICATION SPEC. UNOCALG | WisceLLANEOUS MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES [Revision 2 - [PAGE 3 OF15 CONTENTS SECTION PAGE 10 SCOPE 4 20 SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS 4 30 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 5 40 ALLOWABLE STRESSES AND DEFLECTIONS 8 50 MATERIAL 8 60 APPROVAL DRAWINGS 9 70 FABRICATION 10 a0 INSPECTION AND DELIVERY 1" 20 ERECTION 12 10.0 WELDING AND INSPECTION 13 110 PROTECTIVE COATINGS 13 TABLE 1 14 TABLE 2 5UNOCAL® MISCELLANEOUS MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES Revision 2 _| PAGE 4 OF15 SPECIFICATION ISPEC. GS-15 1.0 20 SCOPE 1.1. This general specification governs the materials, design, fabrication and erection of structural steel for minor buildings, skids, access platforms, pipe supports, and all other miscellaneous steel structures, for offshore platforms. It does not cover jackets, piles, bridges and topside modules for offshore platforms. 1.2 Individual equipment specifications and drawings shall be used in conjunction with » this specification. If a conflict exists, individual equipment specification and drawings shall govern. 1.3. As.used in this specification, the following definitions shall apply: Company Unocal Thailand, Ltd Contractor Structural Steel Fabricator SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS Unless otherwise specified, all structural steel! materials, design, fabrication, erection, and installation shall conform to the requirements of the latest edition of the following codes and standards: ‘American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) ‘Specification for the Design, Fabrication, and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings (Allowable Stress Design) - referred herein as the AISC Specification. Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges ~ referred herein as the AISC Code of Standard Practice. Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ANSIAWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code ANSI A14.3 Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders ANSV/ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures ANSI A1264.1 Safety Requirements for Workplace Floor and Wall Openings, Stairs & Railing Systems American Petroleum Institute (API) API Spec SL Specification for Line PipeSPECIFICATION ISPEC. GS-15 UNOCAL@ | WisceLLANeous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES jxcvision 2 PAGE 5 OF15 3.0 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) ASTMA6M. Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structurat Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes and Sheet Piling ASTM A36/A36M Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel. ASTM AS53 Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc- Coated Welded and Seamless. ASTM A 276 Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes. ASTM A 307 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs ASTM A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength. ASTMA 490 ‘Specification for Heat Treated-Treated Steel Structural Bolts, 150ksi Minimum Tensile Strength. Company General Specifications Gs2 Skid Mounted Assemblies Gs-10 Structural welding and Inspection GS-13 Protective Coating Gs-18 Site Conditions and Climate DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . 3.1 Allstructures shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of the AISC 32 3.3 34 Specification, Allladders, stairs, walkways, and handrails shall comply with the requirements of ANSI A14.3 and ANSI A1264.1 All structures and structural components shall be designed to safely support all loads or combination of loads without exceeding the allowable stresses for the materials of construction used. The loads and forces to be considered in the d limited to, the following: a. Dead Loads b. Live Loads In of structures include, but are notSPECIFICATION SPEC. GS- UNOCALG | wisceELLANcous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES [Rovicion 2 35 36 37 38 3.9 Environmental d. Impact e. Vibration {Thermal 9. Operating Liquids h. Hydrostatic Test i Fluid Surge i Friction k. Transport i Lifting m. Erection rn. Maintenance Dead Loads include the total self-weight of the structure and all materials permanently fastened to or supported by the structure, such as piping, equipment, insulation, and fireproofing. Live Loads consist of variable or movable forces that include, but are not limited, to the weight of the following: a. Personnel, portable machinery, tools, and equipment. b. Materials stored during normal operations or maintenance including such items as tools, chemicals, and operating equipment. Unless otherwise specified, the minimum live loads shall not be less than those recommended by ANSI/ASCE 7 Live loads to be considered in the design of access platforms, ladders, stairs, and handrails shall be applied in accordance with Table 1 of this specification. Environmental Loads on structures, platforms, buildings, vessels, equipment, and piping and their supports shall be determined in accordance with the edition recommendations contained in the latest of ANSVASCE 7. The environmental criterion shall be as stated in General Specification GS-18, Site Conditions and Climate. Impact Loads shall be determined and applied to the structure in accordance with the AISC Specification, Section A4.2. Refer to Section 3.16 of the Specification for requirements for lifted structures. A one third increase in allowable stress is not allowed for impact loads. Vibration Loads are caused by unbalanced forces of rotating equipment, impact loads, or wind and can be acoustically induced. Effects of vibration loads shall be minimized or eliminated by providing bracing or otherwise modifying the stiffness of the structure to avoid resonance. The stiffness of supported equipment shall not be considered as bracing for the structure. For structures subject to vibration loads, the ratio of exciting frequency to the natural frequency of supporting members and the structure as a whole shall not fall between the range of 0.707 and 1.414. Stresses in members directly supporting vibrating or rotating machinery shall not exceed one half PAGE 6 OF15 | iUNOCALG | wisceLLANeous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES SPECIFICATION 3.10 311 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 of the AISC Specification maximum allowable stresses for loads generated by the static analysis. Thermal Loads are those caused by either partially or completely restraining structural members, piping, or equipment subject to thermal expansions or contractions differing from those of the supporting structure. Operating Liquids include the weight of liquid materials contained in piping, equipment, or storage tanks during normal operations. Hydrostatic Test Loads include the weight of fluids used to pressure test vessels, piping, and equipment plus the weight of any test equipment. Fluid Surge Loads are those loads caused by the accumulation and/or movement of liquids within a closed system and by acceleration of fluid in the system. These include all dynamic forces due to fluid flow. Friction Loads are forces resisting the motion of one body relative to another, generated at the interface of the two bodies. Friction loads are to be avoided where alternative designs are available, or reduced by means of low friction bearing pads. Transport Loads are generated by accelerations due to transport motions. Structures which are transported by sea are to be designed for the following accelerations, unless a specific motions analysis is performed: - Horizontal x direction > +/-0.6g - Horizontal y direction - 4-069 - Vertical = 1g +/-0.29 All the above accelerations are to be assumed to act concurrently. Lifting, For structures that are lifted offshore, padeyes and internal-members connecting directly to the padeyes and transmitting lifting loads within the structure shall be designed for loading generated by applying a load factor of 2.0 to the static lift weight. All other members shall be designed for loading generated by applying a load factor of 1.35 to the static lft weight. For structures that are lifted onshore, padeyes and internal-members connecting directly to the padeyes and transmitting lifting loads within the structure shall be designed for loading generated by applying a load factor of 1.5 to the static lift weight, All other members shall be designed for loading generated by applying a load factor of 1.35 to the static lift weight. Ane third increase in allowable stress is not allowed for the lift condition. Erection Loads are temporary loads and forces present during erection produced by construction equipment, materials, and erection aids. The analysis shall take account of the partially complete nature of the structure, and any special effects due to the procedure of erection,SPECIFICATION SPEC. GS-15 UNOCALG | wisceLLANEous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES [Revision 2 PAGE 8 OF15 40 5.0 3.18 Maintenance Loads include weights of maintenance equipment, tools, spare parts, and personnel. 3.19 Loads and load combinations to be considered in the design of structural members and for overall structure integrity shall be as shown in Table 2 of this Specification. However, compliance with Table 2 does not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility of considering other loads and load combinations that are not listed but may govern or affect the design of the structure or its components, 3.20 Special considerations for the design of structural skids supporting equipment are given in General Specification GS-2 "Skid-Mounted Assemblies." ALLOWABLE STRESSES AND DEFLECTIONS 4.1 All components of the structure shall be so proportioned that member stresses shall not exceed the allowable values given in the AISC Specification. 4.2 Aone-third increase in allowable stresses is not permitted for any of the live load categories. Loads for which a one-third increase is permitted are given in Section AS of the AISC Specification. 4.3 Deflections shall be limited to values that will not be detrimental to equipment operation or operator comfort. In some cases deflection criteria may govern member design. In general, member deflections shall not exceed 1/200 of the span between supports. Deflections of members supporting plastered ceilings, fittings, piperacks, cabletrays, etc, shall not exceed 1/360 of the span. Deflections of members supporting rotating machinery shall not exceed 1/500, or as specified by the manufacturer. MATERIAL, 5.1. All material shall be new, free from excessive rust and scale, and cut from a single rolled unit. No substitution of materials shall be allowed without written approval from the Company. 5.2 Unless otherwise specified, all structural plate, shapes, and bars shall conform to ASTM A 36, JIS G3016 SM400, JIS G3101 SS400 or BS4360 Gr43A. For any fabrication work in Thailand, however, material conform to TIS1227-2537(1994) Hot, Rolled Structural Steel Sections under SS400 and with Carbon content (C) less than 0.20%, Silicon content (Si) less than 0.35%, and Manganese content (Mn) between 0.60-1.40% could also be used,SPECIFICATION SPEC. GS-15 UNOCALG | wisceLLaNcous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES |Rovision 2 PAGE 9 OF15 ¢ 6.0 53 54 55 56 57 58 All structural pipe shall conform to ASTM A 36, ASTM A 53, Grade B or API Spec SL, Grade B and shall be either seamless or mill-welded. Spiral-welded pipe is not acceptable. Bolts, nuts, and washers shall be as follows: a. For non-structural steel-to-steel connections, fasteners shall be carbon steel conforming to ASTM A 307 Grade A and shall be hot-dip galvanized. b. For structural stee!-to-steel connections, fasteners shall be carbon steel conforming to ASTM A 325 and shall be cadmium plated. c. For dissimilar metal connections, fasteners shall be stainless steel complying with applicable requirements of ASTM A 276, Type 321 or other type corrosion resistant steel of the "18:8" category suitable for the intended purposes. Welding materials shall comply with the requirements of ANSI/AWS DI.| and General Specification GS-10 "Structural Welding and Weld Inspection.” Stair treads shall be bar grating welded to the stair stringers. Bar grating shall be serrated, hot-dip galvanized and constructed using 1.5-in x 3/16-in. bearing bars spaced on 1 3/16-in. centers unless indicated otherwise on the drawings. Floor plate shall be smooth plate unless otherwise specified and shall be coated with a non-slip surface in accordance with the job specifications. Certified mill test reports of all ASTM materials used shall be kept on file by the stee! fabricator for inspection by Company and shall be transferred to the Company's, representative, upon completion of fabrication. Steel shall be marked per ASTM A em APPROVAL DRAWINGS 61 ‘The Contractor shall prepare fabrication and erection drawings with bills of material, unless specifically waived by the Company. Drawings shall include all shop and erection details including cuts, copes, connections, holes, bolts, and welds. All welds, both shop and field, shall be indicated by the standard welding symbols of ANSV/AWS D1.1. Drawings shall show size, length, and type of each weld. Shop drawings prepared by the Contractor shall be submitted to the Company for approval before fabrication is started No fabrication shall commence until the drawings are approvedUNOCALG | wisceLLANcous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES [Revision 2 SPECIFICATION SPEC. GS-15 PAGE 10 7.0 62 63 64 65 FABRICATION 74 7 73 TA 75 } High-strength bolted connections and their type, whether friction or bearing type, | Company approval does not relieve the Contractor of responsibilty for technical adequacy and dimensional accuracy of shop drawings or general fit up of parts to be field assembled, Designation of structural shapes, plates, and bars shall be indicated on the drawings, Steel shall be identified by ASTM designations and minimum yield strengths when several grades are required. shall be shown on the drawings. Camber of trusses, beams, or girders shall also be shown on approval drawings. All structural steel shall be fabricated in accordance with the AISC Specification Section M2 and the following provisions. In general, structures located offshore shall be continuously welded. Skip welds shall not be accepted. Bolted connections shall be used only for maintenance and field assembly. Structural material shall be fabricated and assembled in the shop to the greatest extent possible. Parts not completely assembled shall be packaged or secured to prevent damage in handling and shipment. Structural components shall be plainly marked and readily identifiable by piece marks for field positioning. All shop assembled connections shall be welded. Field connections shall be high-strength bolted unless otherwise shown on the design drawings. Holes for bolted connections shall be drilled, sub-punched and reamed, or punched at right angles to the surface of the metal. Holes shall not be made or enlarged by burning. All hole diameters shall be 1/16 in. larger than the bolts used, unless otherwise indicated. All holes shall be formed prior to the application of protective coatings. Splicing of structural shapes and pipes shall be accomplished using full penetration welds to develop 100 percent joint efficiency. Splices shall not be located closer together than twice the beam depth, one pipe diameter, or three feet, whichever is smaller but in no case less than one foot. For beams spanning supports, splices shall not occur in the middle one-fourth of the span, in the eighth of the span nearest the support, nor over the support. For cantilever beams, splices shall not occur closer to the support than one-half the cantilever span length. Splicing tolerances shall be in accordance with AISC Code of Standard Practice. Splicing welds shall be inspected in accordance with General Specification GS-10 "Structural Welding and Weld Inspection.” diUNOCALG | wisceLLANEous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES [Rov SPECIFICATION SPEC. GS-15 ion 2 PAGE 11 OF15 8.0 76 77 78 79 7.10 7M 7.12 7.13 INSPECTION AND DELIVERY . 84 82 Columns and other compression members shall have milled ends for full bearing at splices and base plates, Square-cut columns may be accepted if approved by Company. Stiffeners shall be accurately located and neatly fitted between flanges of beams or | girders where full contact surface is required. Ends shall be milled or ground smooth to Conform to the geometry of the member or bevelled’ and welded to assure 100 percent fusion in the root of the weld Rough edges and burrs left from flame cutting, shearing, or sawing structural members, handrail, floor plate, etc., shall be ground smooth. Scars, grooves, random arc strikes, and other imperfections shall be repaired prior to the application of protective coatings. Joints in grating and floor plate shall occur only over supports. | Openings in floor plate and grating shall be banded using 1/4 in. thick by 4 in. high kick plate welded flush with the bottom of the plate or grating unless indicated differently on the drawings. Bolted structural connections shall be made in accordance with AISC "Specification for Structural Joints using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts.” Bolted connections subjected to repeated impact or vibration loading shall have a primary and a back nut on each bolt. All tubes shall be fully sealed using 3/16 in. minimum thickness plate seal welded. Fabricator shall add all brackets and cleats not shown on the drawings necessary for secondary fixing. ‘Company reserves the right to inspect the steel and its fabrication in the Contractor's shop at any time during the work. Inspection shall be conducted with the Contractor and shall be performed in a manner to minimize disruption in operations and to permit repair of all non-conforming work while the material is in the fabricating shop. Inspection must be conducted before steel is painted or galvanized. Material for structures to be field assembled shall be delivered to the job site properly marked for easy identification and in sequence to permit efficient and economical storage or erection. Materials shall be stored in a manner to maintain identification and shall be kept off the ground on pallets, platforms, or other supports to prevent corrosion and deterioration.UNOCALG | wisceLLANeous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES SPECIFICATION ISPEC. GS-15 PAGE 12 OFI5_ 9.0 83 84 ‘Any materials damaged during Contractor fabrication or prior to deliver to the ‘Company, shall be replaced or repaired to satisfaction of the Company at Contractor's expense Any material ordered by Contractor for fabrication, if delivered damaged, shall be replaced by the Contractor at no cost to the Company. ERECTION o4 92 9.3 94 95 96 All structures shall be erected in accordance with the AISC Code of Standard Practice, as shown on the drawings and the following provisions. ‘When applicable, a licensed:surveyor shall check the elevations of bearing surfaces and the location of anchor bolts before erection proceeds. He shall determine elevations and locations of baseplates to receive structural steel and determine elevations for all major members. As the erection of steel progresses, he shall verify that member working points and working lines conform to the locations shown on the drawings, After the supporting members have been properly positioned and plumbed, the anchor bolts shall be tightened. After erection, the various members forming parts of a completed frame or structure shall be aligned and adjusted before being permanently fastened. The finished structure shall conform to the lines and elevations shown on the drawings within the tolerances specified by the AISC Code of Standard Practice For bolted connections, bolts shall be accurately placed into holes without damaging threads. Bolt heads and nuts shall rest squarely against the metal. Where bolts are used on bevelled surfaces, bevelled washers shall be provided to give full bearing to the nut and head. Bolt heads and nuts shall be drawn tight using appropriate wrenches. Bolt heads shall be tapped with a hammer while the nut is being tightened, Unless otherwise noted, all erection bolts used in welded construction shall be tightened securely and left in place. If erection bolts are removed, the holes shalll be filled with plug welds. Normal erection operations include the correction of minor misfits by moderate amounts of reaming, chipping or cutting, and the drawing into line of elements through the use of drift pins. Errors that cannot be corrected by the foregoing means or that require major changes in member configuration shall be reported immediately to the Company. The Contractor shall submit proposed methods of correction to the ‘Company. The rectification work shall not commence until the proposed method is approved.SPECIFICATION SPEC. GS-15 UNOCALG | MisceELLANEous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES [Revision 2 PAGE 13 OF1S 10.0 11.0 ‘The use of drift pins in bolt holes during assembly shall not distort the metal or enlarge the hole. Poor matching of holes shall be cause for member rejection. The use of a cutting torch to burn or to enlarge a bolt hole shall not be allowed. 9.7 Erected sections of structures shall be capable of sustaining all external forces, including wind, likely to occur during erection. Temporary guys, braces, and other erection aids may be used providing such aids are capable of sustaining all normally expected erection loads. Welds attaching erection aids to the structure shall be located so that removal of these aids can be accomplished without removal of the parent metal. Welds attaching erection aids shall be removed by burning off approximately 1/8 in. from permanent structural member and grinding flush. 9.8 After completion of erection, the steelwork protective coating shall be repaired in accordance with GS-13, "Protective Coating’ WELDING AND INSPECTION 10.1. Welding and weld inspection shall be done in accordance with AWS.D1.1 and General Specification GS-10 "Structural Welding and Weld Inspection". The extent of weld inspection shall be shown on the drawings. All lifting lugs and padeyes and joints of members framing into padeyes shall be subject to 100% visual, 100% MPI and 100% radiographic inspection (or UT if radiographic inspection is not. possible) PROTECTIVE COATINGS 11.1 Galvanizing and/or painting shall be-accomplished in accordance with General Specification GS-13, "Protective Coating’SPECIFICATION ISPEC UNOCALG | wiscELLANcous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES TABLE 1 LIVE LOADS WALKWAY, AND STAIR DESIGN Member Being Designed | Area to Which Loadis | Minimum Applied Live Applied Load Floor plate or grating for | Walkways: 100 Ib/sq ft ~ ‘small walkways _ Floor framing for small __| Walkways 100 ibisq ft | access walkways | | Ladders Ladder framing and rungs | 500 lb moving concentrated load Stairs si 100 Ib/sq ft over treaded ee _ areas : Handrails 200 Ib concentrated load applied horizontally any | = where on handrail | Columns and brackets: Walkways: 75 Ib/sq ft or 1000 Ib | supporting small access concentrated load L walkwaysSPECIFICATION SPEC. UNOCALG | WisceLLANeous MINOR STEEL STRUCTURES [Revision 2 . PAGE 15 OFi5 _ w TABLE 2 LOADING CONDITONS Transport ing Testing Normal Extreme Storm Operation | Dead Loads | Dead | Applicable Dead Loads Dead Loads | Dead Loads Loads Dead Loads at | Time of | Erection Transport| Lifting Erection Loads | Live Loads Live Loads Appropriate Live Accelerations | Load | Loads Factors 10 Year Erection Impact | Hydrostatic Test | Operating Liquids | Operating Liquids Environmental Loads Loads Loads I Operating|Weightof Test | ThermalLoads | Thermal Loads | | Environmental | Equipment | “I I Loads | Operating | Vibration Loads | Vibration Loads } Environmental | Loads | Friction Loads | Friction Loads | Fluid Surge Loads | Fluid Surge Loads Impact Loads 100 Year . Environmental Loads | | Operating a | | Environmental | Loads ae — — Jone thid aisc | AlscBasic | AIS Basic —_| AISC Basic One Third Increase in Increase in | Basic | Stresses, Stresses Stresses AISC Basic Stresses AISC Basic | Stresses Stresses |