GENERAL SPECIFICATION [6s-48 Unocal Thailand POWER-SYSTEM AND Revision 0 ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION Page 1 of 48 POWER-SYSTEM AND ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION Reviewed & Approved Sign Date Director Logistics = beri rete BA li wert 2 reed Facilities Engineering Manager = Mealth, Environment & Safety : f= Yael, gineering Check [Originator + Yin Fischer ST 1p } SE retUnocal Thailand | GENERAL SPECIFICATION | Gs-48 POWER-SYSTEM AND Revision 0 |_ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION | Page 2 of 48 REVISION RECORD. Revision | Description DateUnocal Thailand GENERAL SPECIFICATION _| GS-48 POWER-SYSTEM AND Revision 0 ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION | Page 3 of 48 SECTION 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS SCOPE CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS DEFINITIONS CODES AND STANDARDS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SYSTEM GROUNDING INTERRUPTING DEVICES PROTECTIVE RELAYS GENERATOR PROTECTION MOTOR PROTECTION TRANSFORMER PROTECTION BUS PROTECTION CIRCUIT PROTECTION AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES. CONTROL-CIRCUIT PROTECTION LOCKOUT RELAYS DUAL TRIP COILS ‘ TRIP-CIRCUIT MONITORS COORDINATION AND DEVICE SETTINGS ATTACHMENTS PAGE 10 1 16 22 28 32 35 36 38 38 39 39 481.0 2.0 3.0 GENERAL SPECIFICATION GS-48 poe fl Unocal Thailand POWER-SYSTEM AND [Revision 0 ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION | Page 4 of 48 SCOPE This specification describes the requirements for the design and installation of protective relaying and devices for altemating-current power systems and electrical equipment. This document is not meant to supersede the requirements of the National Electrical Code. It is intended to supplement those requirements and to define the basic protection philosophy so that standardization of schemes and devices can be established, CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS 21 Conflicts Any conflicts between this general specification and other Unocal specifications or between this specification and the industry codes and standards listed herein shall be brought to the attention of the Unocal representative who will resolve the conflict in consultation with the appropriate parties. 22 Deviations This specification defines the minimum requirements which Unocal will normally find acceptable. This document recognizes that the application of power-system and equipment protection involves a certain degree of compromise and judgment based on experience, and that the philosophy presented herein may not always provide the optimum solution to any specific situation. Accordingly, the engineer is encouraged to exercise experience and judgment in the development of the protection scheme. However, any deviations providing less than the minimum requirements of this specification shall be addressed to Unocal for resolution. DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this specification Low Voltage is defined as electrical potentials up to and including 600 volts[— | | GENERAL SPECIFICATION GS-48 Unocal Thailand | POWER-SYSTEM AND Revision 0 [_ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION [Page 5 of 45 4.0 Medium Voltage is defined as potentials from 601 through 15,000 volts and High Voltage is defined as over 15,000 volts. CODES AND STANDARDS The latest editions of the following codes and standards form a part of this specification: 44 42 Unocal General Specifications GS-11 Electrical Work GS-47 Medium-Voltage Electrical Industry Standards 4.2.1. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ANSI ANSI ANSI ANSI ANSI ANSI ANSI ANSI ANSI 37.2 37.90 37.91 C37.96 37.97 37.101 37.102 C37.106 57.12.80 Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers Relays and Relay Systems Associated with Electrical Power Apparatus Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power Transformers Guide for AC Motor Protection Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power System Buses Guide for Generator Ground Protection Guide for AC Generator Protection Guide for Abnormal-Frequency Protection for Power Generating Plants Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers' Unocal Thailand | GENERAL SPECIFICATION GS-48 | ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION | Page 6 of 48 4.2.2 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) IEEE 141 Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants (Red Book) IEEE142 Recommended Practice for Grounding Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Green Book) IEEE 242 Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Buff Book) 4.2.3 National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NEMA PB-2.2 Application Guide for Ground Fault Protective Devices for Equipment 4.2.4 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) NFPA 20 Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pumps NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (NEC) 4.2.5. Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA) ICEA P-32-382 Short Circuit Characteristics of Insulated Cables ICEA P-45-482 Short Circuit Characteristics of Metallic Shielding and Sheaths of insulated Cable 5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ou 5.2 Protective-relaying systems shall be applied throughgut the electrical- Power system to detect dangerous and undesirable operating conditions and to disconnect the troubled areas or equipment from the other sections of the power system. System and equipment protection shall conform to the requirements of the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) as supplemented by this general specification. The industry standards listed in Section 4.0 shall be used for additional guidance, definition and determination of the protection schemes. POWER-SYSTEM AND Revision 0Unocal Thailand 5.3 5.4 GENERAL SPECIFICATION | Gs-48 POWER-SYSTEM AND Revision 0 | ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION | Page 7 of 48 All protection schemes and device settings shall be subject to the review and approval of the Unocal representative in consultation with the appropriate parties Protection-System Design Requirements The design package for control and protection systems shall provide the following information as a minimum: Relay and Metering One-Line Diagrams AC and DC Schematic Diagrams AC Three-Line Diagrams Interconnection Diagrams Panel Wiring Diagrams Synchronizing Diagrams Relay and Control Panel Layout Drawings Protection-System Coordination Study Protection-System Coordination Study The coordination study shall include the following: 1) Calculated maximum and minimum fault currents used in determining the ratings and setting of the protective devices. Relaying and metering one-line diagrams. Protective-device data including: manufacturer, style, model, type, range and characteristic curves. Instrument transformer data. Nameplate data and ratings of generators, buses, power and distribution transformers, motors, power conductors and cables including short-circuit withstand limits.6.0 GENERAL SPECIFICATION GS-48 ' Unocal Thailand | POWER-SYSTEM AND Revision 0 [_ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION | Page 80! 48 6) Coordination diagrams on log-log scales showing © Minimum and maximum operating times for the selected devices and settings. * Full-load currents, locked-rotor currents, inrush points, ANSI heating points, withstand curves and fault levels + Phase-currents, and ground-currents where applicable, on separate sheets 7) Tabulation of relay and solid-state trip device settings, fuse ratings, potential and current-transformer ratios and other pertinent information. SYSTEM GROUNDING The method of grounding the power-system neutral involves each of the following sections of this specification. Accordingly, the subject of system grounding as it applies to Unocal installations will be addressed at this stage of the document 61 Low-Voltage Systems 240/120-volt single-phase three-wire and 208Y/120-volt three-phase four-wire systems are solidly grounded so that loads can be connected between line and neutral. Bolted phase-to-ground faults will be detected by the phase-overcurrent elements, but the possibility of arcing ground faults does exist. The application of ground-fault interrupters (GF ls) is a general practice on receptacle and wet-location Circuits. However, these devices are indended primarily for personnel safety rather than for system protection The original 480-volt three-phase three-wire systems installed on Unocal platfroms in the Gulf of Thailand were solidly grounded. This lead to a number of problems, most notably circulating third-harmonic Zero-sequence currents, and the further use of solidly-grounded 480- volt systems has been discouraged. Power circuit breakers used in solidly-grounded 480-volt applications have been equipped with direct- acting ground fault elements. However, because molded-case breakers and motor-control circiruts were not equipped with ground- fault devices, coordination of ground-fault protection can not be established| GENERAL SPECIFICATION GS-48 Unocal Thailand POWER-SYSTEM AND | Revision 0 ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION | Page 9 of 48 7.0 6.2 Newer 480-volt systems have been high-resistance grounded with the resistors sized to limit ground faults to five amperes or less. On these systems, the presence of a ground fault is detected by a voltage relay placed across the grounding resistor. This ground-fault signal is used to initiate an alarm rather than to cause a breaker-trip operation The high-resistance grounding system uses a pulser to periodically cut out part of the resistance and a clip-tong detector to trace the location of the system fault. These schemes do not employ down-stream ground-detection devices. Medium-Voltage Systems Medium-voltage systems are low-resistance grounded using resistors sized to limit the ground-fault contribution from each source to 400 amperes. Fault currents of this magnitude contain energy capable of inflicting damage and require dependable detection and early isolation, System-protection schemes should employ instantaneous elements where possible. However, where instantaneous elements will not coordinate with down-stream protection, inverse-time/current devices without instantaneous elements should be used. INTERRUPTING DEVICES 7A 7.2 Power Fuses Fuses are not used in Unocal Thailand power-system installations except for the protection of contro! circuits and associated apparatus. The subject of power fuses is not addressed by this specification Molded-Case Circuit Breakers Molded-case breakers are employed in low-voltage applications where possible because they generally provide an economic and reliable solution to system-protection requirements Circuit breakers with only magnetic elements (MCPs), in combination with contactors equipped with thermal-type overload relays, are used to protect low-voltage motor circuits. Molded-case breakers equipped with both thermal and magnetic-type elements can be used to protect feeder and transformer circuits,| GENERAL SPECIFICATION GS-48 Unocal Thailand | POWER-SYSTEM AND Revision 0 8.0 | ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION | Page 10 of 48 Older 480-volt installations used molded-case breakers and MCPs with integral current-limiting fuses in high-fault current applications. More current practice has been to employ breakers with 65,000-ampere interrupting capacity. 7.3. Low-Voltage Power Breakers Low-voltage power circuit breakers will be used in those situations where molded-case breakers are not adequate for the particular application, Where possible, power circuit breakers will incorporate integral solid- state trip (SST) units. In applications where the solid-state trip units do Not provide the full range of functions required, the solid-state trip units shall be supplemented by the inclusion of appropriate protective relays into the scheme. 7.4 Medium-Voltage Power Breakers All medium-voltage switchgear will employ power circuit breakers. Unocal Thailand does not permit the use load-interrupter gear or NEMA class-E2 medium-voltage motor-control equipment. Medium-voltage power circuit breakers will be controlled by appropriate protective relays, PROTECTIVE RELAYS Protective relays may be of the electro-mechanical type or the solid-state type. Where available, relays should be provided with drawout-type flush-mounted cases. Test plugs should be provided to permit testing the relays in their cases. The test plugs should be of a type which automatically short circuits the current transformers and disconnects the trip circuits Where available, microprocessor-based systems incorporating a range of protection features, such as the General Electric DGP modular generator- Protection package and the Westinghouse 10-1000 motor-protection system may be employed. When necessary, supplemental protective relays shall be included in the scheme.Unocal Thailand | Revision 0 _ | ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION | Page 11 of 48 F 9.0 GENERAL SPECIFICATION |. Gs-48 POWER-SYSTEM AND The following sections mention specific manufactures and device types. The specification is not intended to limit the protective systems to those items identified. Other items may be employed subject to the approval of the Unocal representative. GENERATOR PROTECTION 92 81 General Electrical power is generated on Unocal platforms at low voltage (480 volts) or at medium voltage (4,160 volts or 13,800 volts) In both cases the generators are direct connected to load buses. Unit connected generators employing dedicated power transformers for connection to the power system are not used by Unocal in offshore applications. Low-Voltage Generators 8.2.1 Low-voltage generators are generally rated at less than 1,500- kVA and are not considered to justify the expense of elaborate or extensive protection 9.2.2 The minimum requirements for a low-voltage generator protection scheme are shown on Figure 9.1. The protective devices to be employed for a low-voltage generator are shown on the following chart. DEV | RELAY MANUFACTR | ALARM | COMMENTS No. FUNCTION & TYPE JTRIP- GE ABB 51 Phase 52 See Note 7 Overcurrent i 32 Reverse Power Icw 32R 86 Uses Device 86 as Auxiliary-Tripping Relay 81 Underfrequency See Provides Over Note 3_| Excitation Protection 59 | Overvoltage 44 ‘See Note 2GENERAL SPECIFICATION GS-48 Unocal Thailand POWER-SYSTEM AND | Revision 0 ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION | Page 12 of 48 93 DEV | RELAY MANUFACTR | ALARM | COMMENTS: No._| FUNCTION & TYPE ATRIP. GE [ABB 86 | Lockout HEA 52 Trips generator breaker and prime mover 51G | Ground 52 ‘See Notes 1 and 4 Overcurrent Notes: 1) Circuit breaker direct-acting solid-state trip unit (SST) such as Westinghouse Amptector or Digitrip. 2) Basler UFOV device provides overvoltage protection by tripping excitation-system circuit breaker (device 41) 3) Basler UFOV device provides inherent overexcitation protection by causing the automatic voltage regulator to cut back the output when the machine is running at reduced speed and thereby limiting volts/hertz ratio 4) Only used when generator star point is grounded 5) Provide direct-acting trip-circuit undervoltage release on circuit breaker. Medium-Voltage Generators 9.3.1. Medium-voltage generators are generally larger than 1,500 kVA. and therefore warrant the expense of more elaborate protection systems, 9.3.2 The minimum requirements for a medium-voltage generator protection scheme are shown on Figure 9.2. ‘The protective devices to be applied for a medium-voltage generator are shown on the following chart ‘ DEV | RELAY | MANUFACTR | ALARM | COMMENTS No. FUNCTION | & TYPE /TRIP_ [GE TAB 51V | Phase Overcurrent | IFCV | 51+ 946 Voltage Restrained Backup { 47H See Notes 1&5 32 Reverse Power [icw 32R__ | 94G See Note 1 40 Loss of Excitation CEH 40 | 8661 See Note 1Unocal Thailand GENERAL SPECIFICATION |. Gs-48 POWER-SYSTEM AND | Revision 0 ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT PROTECTION | Page 13 of 48 DEV ] RELAY MANUFACTR | ALARM | COMMENTS No._| FUNCTION & TYPE | TRIP GE] ABB. [ 24 | Overexcitation STV [S9F [94F | See Note 7 (volts per hertz) 59 | Overvoltage iav__[59__| S4F | See Note 1 38 | Bearing iRT | 49T | Alarm | See Note 3 | Temperature 487 _| Winding IRT [497 [Alarm | See Noted Temperature { 64F_| Field Ground PJG | 64F [Alarm | See Note 6 87 | Phase Differential | CFD | 87M _|86G1__| See Note 1 87G | Ground Differential | CJCG [32D _| a6G2, 60__| Voltage Balance | CFVB |60 | 94F | See Notes 182 1G | Neutral 1A [51 | 86G2 Overcurrent IEC @6 | Lockout HEA 94F & | Also Trips Prime Gt 52 Mover __ See Note 4 [66 | Auxiliary Lockout [HEA 94F & | Also Trips Prime G2. 52 Mover _ See Note 4 94F | Field Auxillary | HFA 41 Tripping | 52 946 | Generator Auxiliary | HFA 52 Tripping (74 TTrip-Cireuit Monitor [HGA [74 [Alarm | See Note 7 Notes: 1) Protection can be provided by Solid-State Integrated Generator Protection Package (GPP) such as General Electric DGP or ABB GPU. Voltage-balance relay compares potentials of voltage- regulator reference potential transformers with the voltages of the corresponding phases of the metering and protection-circuit potential transformers. A difference of voltage indicates a loss of phase or fuse failure. Indication of potential loss in the metering and protection circuit blocks the loss-of-excitation relay (device 40) and the voltage-controlled overcurrent relays (device 51V) and initiates an alarm. Indication of potential loss from the regulator-reference transformerstrips the field breaker (device 41) and the generator breaker (device 52) via auxiliary-tripping relay (device 94F). May be incorporated into prime-mover control and protection system,