BAHASA INGGRIS DASAR

Tugas 4

ROYAN HISYAM RAFLIANSYAH

20081010130
Adjectives
Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored etc.)
Many adjectives end in -ing and -ed, for example: boring and bored. Study this
example situation:
Royan has been doing the same job for a very long time. Every day she
does exactly the same thing again and again. She doesn't enjoy her job any more
and would like to do something different.
Royan's job is boring.
Royan is bored (with her job).
Somebody is bored if something (or somebody else) is boring. Or, if something
is boring, it makes you bored. So:
 Royan is bored because her job is boring.
 Royan’s job is boring, so Rifki is bored, (not Rifki is boring)
If a person is boring, this means that they make other people bored:
Randy always talks about the same things. He's really boring.
Adjectives: a nice new house, you look tired
Sometimes we use two or more adjectives together:
 My sister Lives in a nice new house.
 In the kitchen there was a beautiful Large round wooden table.
Adjectives Like new/large/round/wooden are fact adjectives. They give us
factual information about age, size, colour etc. Adjectives like nice/beautiful
are opinion adjectives. They tell us what somebody thinks of something or
somebody. Opinion adjectives usually go before fact adjectives
Adjectives and adverbs 1 (quick/quickly)
Look at these examples:
Our holiday was too short - the time passed very quickly.
Two people were seriously injured in the accident.
Quickly & seriously are adverbs. Many adverbs are formed from an adjective
+-ly:
adjective Quick Serious Careful Quiet Heavy
adverb Quickly Seriously Carefully Quietly Heavily
For spelling, see Appendix 6.
not all words ending in -ly are adverbs. Some adjectives end in -ly too, for
example: friendly lively elderly lonely silly
lovely
Adjectives and adverbs 2 (well/fast/late, hard/hardly)
Good/well Good is an adjective. The adverb is well:
 Your English is good. but You speak English well.
 Susan is a good pianist, but Susan plays the piano well.
We use well (not good) with past participles (dressed/known etc.):
well-dressed well-known well-educated well-paid
 Gary's father is a well-known writer.
But well is also an adjective with the meaning 'in good health':
 ‘How are you today?' ‘I'm very well, thanks.'
Fast/hard/late
These words are both adjectives and adverbs:
adjective adverb
 Gary is a very fast climber. Gary can climb very fast.
 Kate is a hard worker. Kate works hard, (not works
hardly)
 I was late. I got up late this morning.
Lately = recently:
 Have you seen tom lately?
Hardly
Hardly = very little, almost not. Study these examples:
 Sarah wasn't very friendly at the party. She hardly spoke to me.
(= she spoke to me very little, almost not at all)
 We've only met once or twice. We hardly know each other.
Hard and hardly are different. Compare:
 He tried hard to find a job, but he had no luck. (= he tried a lot, with a lot
of effort)
 I'm not surprised he didn't find a job. He hardly tried. (= he tried very
little)
I can hardly do something = it's very difficult for me, almost impossible:
 Your writing is terrible. I can hardly read it. (= it is almost impossible to
read it)
 My leg was hurting. I could hardly walk.
You can use hardly + any/anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere:
 Gary: How much money have we got?
Steve: Hardly any. (= very little, almost none)
 These two cameras are very similar. There's hardly
 any difference between them.
 The exam results were very bad. Hardly anybody in
our class passed. {= very few students passed)
Note that you can say:
 She said hardly anything. or She hardly said anything.
 We've got hardly any money, or We've hardly got any money.
Hardly ever = almost never:
 I’m nearly always at home in the evenings. I hardly ever go out.
Hardly also means 'certainly not’. For example:
 It's hardly surprising that you're tired. You haven't slept for three days. (=
it's certainly not surprising)
 The situation is serious, but it's hardly a crisis. (= it's certainly not a crisis)
So and such
Compare so and such:
We use so + adjective/adverb:
so stupid so quick
so nice so quickly
 I didn't like the book. The story was so stupid.
 I like Liz and Joe. They are so nice.
We use such + noun:
such a story such people
We also use such + adjective + noun:
such a stupid story such nice people
 I didn't like the book. It was such a stupid story, (not a so stupid story)
 I like Liz and Joe. They are such nice people, (not so nice people)
We say such a ... (not a such):
such a big dog (not a such big dog)

Enough and too

Enough goes after adjectives and adverbs:
 I can't run very far. I'm not fit enough, (not enough fit)
 Let’s go. We've waited long enough.
 I can let you know tomorrow. Is that soon enough?
Compare too ... and not... enough:
 You never stop working. You work too hard. (= more than is necessary)
 You're lazy. You don't work hard enough. (= less than is necessary)
Enough normally goes before nouns:
 I can't run very far. I don't have enough energy, (not energy enough)
 Do we have enough petrol, or should we stop and get some?
 We've got enough money. We don't need any more.
 Some of us had to sit on the floor because there weren't enough chairs.
We also use enough alone (without a noun):
 We don't need to stop for petrol. We've got enough.
Compare too much/many and enough:
 There's too much furniture in this room. There's not enough space.
 There were too many people and not enough chairs.