ART.

1 – NATIONAL TERRITORY: The national territory comprises the

Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein,
and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or
jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains,
including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves,
and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and
connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth
and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.

Archipelago doctrine:
(1) Connect outermost points of our archipelago with straight
baselines and consider all waters enclosed thereby as internal
waters.
(2) Entire archipelago is regarded as one integrated unit of being
fragmented into so many thousand island.
(3) Without the doctrine: will result to dismemberment of
archipelago (ex: Sibuyan Island & Palawan); part of Philippine
waters would become international waters or high seas (ex:
Camiguin – distance from shore to shore is 29 miles)

UNCLOS
3 Functions: defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use
of the world’s oceans establishing guidelines for businesses, the
environment and management of marine natural resources.
Can’t use for military purposes.
Milestones: Concluded – Dec. 10, 1982 (Jamaica) Philippines signed
May 8, 1984 China signed June 7, 1986 (wanted sole exploitation of
rights) Ratified by 165 countries
Settlement of disputes: Part XV – State which ratified UNCLOS shall
choose 1 or more of the following means for settlement of disputes.
>International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea >ICJ
>Arbitral Tribunal >Special arbitral tribunal