Knitwear Technology

(Cutting & Sewing)

APM 7402 – NOTEBOOK-1

Course Supervisor: Matiar Rahman

Adjunct Faculty
BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology (BUFT)
Email: matiar.rahman.bheti@gmail.com

Prepared By-
KAZI AL IMRAN
ID: 182-064-4111
MBA in Apparel Merchandising
BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology (BUFT)
Email: imranapm@yahoo.com
 Knitwear Technology (Cutting & Sewing) - APM 7402

A. Introduction:
The assignment is on production of T-shirt of knit fabric, so before
going to the production of the garments first we should know the
sequence of garments manufacturing, knitting process, yarn count,
about knitting yarn, knit dying process and related thing with
production. Below the garments manufacturing sequence and others
respectively are being described.

B. Background:
T-Shirts are durable, versatile garments with mass apparel that may be
worn as outwear or underwear. Since their creation in 1920, T-Shirts
have evolved into a two-billion-dollar market. T-Shirts are available in
a variety of colors, patterns, and styles, such as the standard crew neck
and V-neck, as well as tank tops and scoop necks. T-Shirt sleeves may
be short or long, capped, yoked, or raglan. Additional features include
pockets and decorative trim. T-shirts are also popular garments on
which to display one’s interests, tastes and affiliations using
customized screen prints or heat transfers. Printed shirts may feature
political slogans, humor, art, sports, as well as famous people and
places. T-Shirts are also inexpensive promotional vehicles for products
and special events.
T-shirts fit just about anyone in any size, from infants to seniors. Adult
sizes are generally small, medium, large, and extra-large, while sizes
for toddlers are detinned by month and weight. In addition, to
compensate for the larger hands of infants relative to their bodies,
shirts are specially designed with shoulder openings that may be
fastened with buttons or snaps.

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C. Raw Materials:
The majority of T-shirts are made of 100% cotton, polyester, or a
cotton/polyester blend. Environmentally conscious manufacturers
may use organically grown cotton and natural dyes. Stretchable T-
shirts are made of knit fabrics, especially jerseys, rib knits, and
interlock rib knits, which consists of two ribbed fabrics that are joined
together. Jerseys are most frequently used since they are versatile,
comfortable, and relatively inexpensive. They also are a popular
material for applying screen prints and heat transfers. Some jerseys
come in tubular form, simplifying the production process by reducing
the number of seams. Rib knit fabrics are often used when a snugger
fit is designed. Many higher quality T-shirts are made of durable
interlock rib knit fabrics.
Neckbands add support to the garment and give the neckline of the T-
shirt a more finished look. Neckbands are generally one-by-one inch.
rib knits, although heavier fabrics or higher quality T-shirts may
require two-by-two rib knits. Neckband fabrics may be tubed rib knits
of specific widths, or flat fabric that must be seamed. Additional T-shirt
materials include tape or seam binding, made of a twill or another stiff
fabric. Binding reinforces the neckline and shoulder seams and by
covering the seams, it protects them from ripping apart under tension.
Alternatively, elastics may be used at the shoulder seams so they
remain flexible.
Thread is of course an essential element is sewing any garment. Several
types and colors of thread may be used to make a single T-shirt, some
manufacturers use white thread for seams on all their shirts, regardless
of color, thus eliminating the extra labor involved in changing the
thread. Visible topstitching is done with a color of thread that blends
with the fabric. Colorless, or monofilament, thread could be used for
hems of any color fabric, again eliminating the need to change thread
often, through monofilament thread may irritate the skin somewhat,
Finally, optional decorative features may include trim, such as
braiding, contrasting cuffs, appliques and heat transfer or screen print
designs.

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❖ Flow Chart Process of Garments Manufacturing: (Process

Involved)

Working Production
Sketch/Design Basic Block Basic Pattern
Pattern Pattern

Bundling/Sorti
Cutting Spreading Marker Making Grading
ng/Numbering

Assembling
(Sewing, Ironing & Final
Inspection Altering
Fusing & Finishing Inspection
Adhessive)

Despatch to
Bundling Packing
Wearhouse

Garments Manufacturing Sequence:

Garments manufacturing follows a flowchart where in each step definite
works are completed to carried out a complete garment. Here I will show
you all of the garments manufacturing steps that you must follow to make
a garment.
1. Design/Sketch:
For the production of knit garments, or woven garments a sketch of a
particular garment including its design features is essential to produce on
paper so that after manufacturing of that garment could be verified or
checked whether could be done manually or with the help of computer.
2. Pattern Design:
Hard paper copy of each component of the garment of exact dimension of
each component is called pattern. The patterns also include seam
allowance, trimming allowance, dirts, and pleats, each allowance any
special design etc. affairs. Pattern design could also be done manually or
with the help of computer.

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3. Sample Making:
The patterns are used to cut the fabric. Then the garment components in
fabric from are used to sew/assemble the garment. Sample garment
manufacturing is to be done by a very efficient and technically sound
person.
4. Production Pattern:
The patterns of the approved sample garment are used for making
production pattern. During production pattern making sometimes it may
be necessary to modify patterns design if buyer or appropriate authority
suggests any major modification.
5. Grading:
Normally for large scale garments production of any style needs different
sizes to produce form a set of particular size of patterns, the patterns of
different sizes are produced by using grade rule which is called grading.
6. Marker Making:
All the pattern pieces for all the required sizes are arranged and the paper
such a way so that maximum number of garments could be produced
with minimum fabric are produced with minimum fabric wastage.
Markers are made for 6, 12, 18, 24 etc. pieces. Markers is also useful to
estimate fabric consumption calculations.
7. Spreading:
It is the process of arranging fabrics on the spreading table as per length
and width of the marker in stack form. Normally height of the lay/fabric
is limited up to maximum six inches high. But 4 inches to 5-inch height of
the lay is safe.
8. Fabric Cutting:
On the fabric lay/spread the marker paper is placed carefully and
accurately, and pinned with the fabric to avoid unwanted movement or
displacement of the marker paper. Normally straight patterns in stack
form, care must be taken to avoid cutting defects.

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9. Sorting/Bundling:
After cutting the entire fabric lay, all the garments components in stack
from is shorted out as per size and color. To avoid mistake in sorting, it is
better to use code number on each pattern.
10. Sewing or Assembling:
It is the most important department/section of a garment manufacturing
industry. Sewing machines of different types are arranged as a vertical
line to assemble the garments. Sequence of types of sewing machine per
line varies from 20 nos. to 60 nos. depending on the style of the garment
to be produce. Production pr. line pr. hour also varies from 100 to 150
pieces depending on specific circumstances. Number of sewing machine
arrangement per line may be up to 60 depending on design and output
quality of garment.
11. Inspection:
Each and every garment after sewing passes through the inspection table
/ point, where the garments are thoroughly and carefully checked to
detect / find any defect if present in the garment. The defects may be for
example variation of measurement, sewing defect, fabric defects spots etc.
If the defect is not correctional, then the garment is separated as wastage.
12. Pressing/Finishing:
After passing through the inspection table, each garment is normally
ironed/pressed to remove unwanted crease and to improve the
smoothness, so that the garments looks nice to the customer. Folding of
the garment is also done here for poly packing of the garments as per
required dimension.
13. Final Inspection:
It is the last stage of inspection of the manufactured garments on behalf
of the garment manufacturing organization, to detect any defective
garments before packing.

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14. Packing:
After final inspection, the garments are poly-packed, dozen-wise, color
wise, size ratio wise, bundled and packed in the cartoon. The cartoon is
marked with important information in printed from which is seen from
outside the cartoon easily.
15. Dispatch:
The cartoons of the manufactured garments are delivered or placed in the
dispatch department or finished product warehouse, from where the
garments lot is delivered for shipment.
❖ Count: Count is a numerical number which express coarseness and
fineness of yarn. Count is the relationship of weight and length. It
is the weight per unit length, and length per unit weight.
The various system of numbering yarn may be broadly divided into the
following groups:
i. Indirect or Fixed System: In this system the count of yarn expresses
the number of length units in one weight unit. Higher the count,
finer is the yarn. This system is generally used for cotton, worsted,
woolen, linen (wet spun) etc.
The table below shows the different length a unit and weight units used
in important indirect system.
Name of System Unit of Weight Unit of Length
English Cotton 1 lb Hanks of 840 yds
France Cotton ½ Kg Hanks of 100 yds
Metric System 1 Kg Hanks of 1000 meter
Worsted System 1 lb 560 yds Hanks
British 1 lb Hanks of 50 yds
American 1 lb Cut of 100 yds
Fiber Glam 1 lb Hanks of 100 yds

For Example: English cotton count means number of hanks 840 yards in
one pound. Other counts definition same as cotton count changing weight
to length units.

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In Indirect System, Common Formula For Calculating Count :

Length
Length Unit Length Weight
• Count = Weight = Length Unit × Weight Unit
Weight Unit

In this system, twist of yarn can be easily calculated, as they are directly
proportioned to the square root of the counts of the yarn.

∴ Twist Directly Proportional ∝ √Count , Twist = K c √Count

𝐾𝑐 = 3.8 𝑡𝑜 3.9 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑲𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒀𝒂𝒓𝒏
𝐾𝑐 = 4.0 𝑡𝑜 4.2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑾𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒀𝒂𝒓𝒏

• 1 lb = 16 Ounce
• 1 lb = 453.60 Gram
• 1 lb = 7000 Grain

Direct System: In this system the count of yarn expresses the number of
weight units in one length unit. Higher the count, courser is the yarn. This
system is used for thrown silk, artificial silk, jute, synthetic yarn etc. In
this system; bulk amount of the yarn is directly proportioned to this count
number.
Different units of length and weight are used for different types of yarn.
In the table below is given the length and wight units used in important
direct system.
Name of System Unit of Weight Unit of Length
Tex Gramme Hanks of 1000 meter/1 Km.
Denier Gramme Hanks of 9000 meter
Jute Lb 14400 Yds.
English Denier (Rayon, Denier Hanks of 520 Yds.
Silk, Thermal) (Gram/0.82)

The Tex System has got approval of the International Standardization

Organization (ISO) for adoption as the universal count system and has
been adopted by a number of countries of the world like UK, USA, India
& so on.

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Count Calculation of Folded Yarns:

Indirect System: (without considering shrinkage)

Resultant Count
1 1
= = Wt in Lb of Length unit A+wt m lb of 1 length unit B
Wt in Lb of Length unit of folded yarn

• Direct System: (without considering shrinkage)

Resultant Count = count of A + count of B + ….
1
Dia. (D) = inch.
√Count×840

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How to Measure Twist Per Inch (TPI) for Knit & Woven Yarn?
➢ Twist multiply for knit fabric yarn ranges between 3.8 – 3.9
➢ Twist multiply (TM) for woven fabric yarn ranges between 4.0 – 4.2
➢ TPI of knit fabric yarn in lower than that of woven fabric yarn.

1. Problem: Find out the twist per inch of 36 count knit fabric yarn.

Solution:
We know,

TPI = TM √Count = 3.8 √36 = 3.8 × 6 = 22.8

= 3.9 √36 = 3.9 × 6 = 23.4

So, Twist per inch (TPI) of 36 count knit fabric yarn is 22.8 – 23.4.
2. Problem: Find out the Twist Per Inch of 36 Count Woven Fabric
Yarn.

Solution:
We know,

TPI = TM √𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 = 4.0 √36 = 4 × 6 = 24

= 4.2 √36 = 4.2 × 6 = 25.2

So, TPI of 36 count woven fabric yarn should be 24 – 25.2.
3. Problem: Find out the TPI of 30 count Knit Fabric Yarn.
Solution:
We know,

TM √𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 = 3.8 √30 = 3.8 × 5.48 = 20.82

= 3.9 √30 = 3.9 × 5.48 = 21.37

So, TPI of 30 count Knit Fabric Yarn should be 20.82 – 21.37.

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Question: How to determine yarn count using indirect system?

Answer:
The steps to determine yarn count using indirect system are below:
i) At first take certain length of yarn in yarn in yards; Let = x yards.
ii) Measure the weight of the certain length of yarn in gram/grain/oz.
iii) Find out the length of the yarn in yard of 1 lb.
iv) Divide by 840 to the length of 1 lb.
v) By this formula English count/cotton count (Ne) is determined.

Discuss with an example to make the lesson understandable:

Let,
The length of the yarn = 100 yds.
Weight of the certain length of the yarn = 3 gram.
Solution:
Length of 3 gram of yarn is 100 yards.
100
Length of 1 gram of yarn is yds.
3
100×453.6
Length 453.6 gram/1 lb of yarn is yds.
3
45600
= yds.
3
= 15120 yds.
Length of 1 lb yarn is 15120 yards.
15120
∴ Cotton Count/English Count (NE) for the yarn = = 18 Count.
840

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Question: What is Twist? Write formula of twist, merits & demerits of twist.

Answer:
Twist is turn per unit length; which is applied to the yarn with a view to
holding up fibers along the axis of the yarn.

➢ Formula of Twist Measurement: TPI = TM√𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭

Merits of Twist:
i) If the twist (TPI) is more, the strength is more.
ii) If the twist (TPI) is lower, the dye absorbency is higher.
iii) If the twist (TPI) is lower, the comfortability is higher.
iv) If the twist (TPI) is lower, spirality is lower.
Demerits of Twist (TPI):
i) If the twist (TPI) is higher, the spirality is higher.
ii) If the twist (TPI) is lower, strength is lower.
iii) If the twist (TPI) is higher, dye absorbency is lower.
iv) If the twist (TPI) is higher, comfortability is lower.
Question: Importance of twist and spirality – Discuss.
Answer:
The importance of twist can be answered from the previous question
answer.
❖ Importance of Spirality: Spirality is highly related to twist. When
the wales are inclined to the left or right direction of the fabric, this
phenomenon is called spirality. To avoid this tendency the wales
of knit fabric should be straight at right angle with the coarse. It is
the major/critical fault of knit fabrics.

Effect: Knit fabric has got curl-effect.

Reason: Higher Twist
Remove:
i) Low Twist Setting
ii) Moisturizing and Humidification

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Question: Describe the importance of combing and splicing.

Answer:
Importance of Combing: Combing is the process of eliminating
short fiber from the sliver.
i) To Remove Short Fibers from The Sliver.
ii) To Produce Low-Twist Yarn.
iii) To Make Fiber Uniform Length.
iv) Without combing low-twist yarn cannot be produced.
Importance of Splicing: Splicing is the process of joining two ends
of the yarn are joined without knotting. It is applied for only
joining knit yarns.
i) To avoid knot of the yarn.
ii) To produce even/smooth surface of the knit fabric.

Question: Mention the main functions of clothing.

Answer:
Main Functions of Clothing:
i) Protection
ii) Decoration
iii) Identification

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Question: Describe relation between human body and its garments.

Answer: According to garments language, human body is divided into
eight (8) parts. There are below with sketch:

• Head
• Neck
• Chest Length of Top
• Waist
• Hip
• Thai
• Knee Length of Bottom

• Wadded
• Foot

3
• Length of Top = × Human Body ± 1
8
5
• Length of Bottom = 8 × Human Body ± 1

Discuss with an example:

Let, Total length of Human Body = 66 inches.
3
∴ Length of Top = 8 × 66 ± 1 = 24.75 ± 1 ≈ 25.75/23.75 inches
5
∴ Length of Bottom = × 66 ± 1 = 41.25± 1 ≈ 42.25/40.25 inches.
8

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Question: Write idea about count and importance of count.

Answer:
Count: It is a numerical number. It is the fineness and coarseness of the
yarn. It is the length per unit weight or weight per unit length. It is the
ratio of weight and weight unit and length and length unit, and vice-
versa. It has got no unit. It is also the relationship between length and
weight.
It is the number of hanks of 840 yards in 1 pound (lb) for English or
cotton count (NE) in case of Indirect System.
It is the weight in gram per 1000 meter for Tex in case of Direct System.
❖ Importance of Count:
i) For calculation of consumption. 𝐺𝑆𝑀 = 1002 𝑐𝑚 = 10000 𝑐𝑚 Fabric
ii) For calculation of costing.
iii) For determination of GSM of Knitted Fabric.
iv) For determination of finer and coarser yarns. Purpose of cut round:
To protect fraying of
v) For Business Purpose. the fabric.

Question: Mention the differences between Direct System and Indirect System.

Answer:
The difference between Direct and Indirect System are given below table:

SN Direct System Indirect System

1 Length is fixed but weight is Weight is fixed but length is
variable variable.
2 If the yarn count is higher, the If the yarn count is higher, the
yarn is coarser. yarn is finer.
3 Formula for Count: Formula for Yarn Count:
Weight Length
Weight Unit Length Unit
= Length =
Length Unit
Weight
Weight Unit
4 Tex, Denier, Spindle Ne, Nm, Woolen, Worsted, Linen

• Note: ± Count = ± GSM.

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Question: Describe difference types of count.

Answer:
Different types of count are discussed below table:
SN Direct System Indirect System
1 Tex Count: It is the weight in Cotton (Ne) Count: It is the number of
gram per 1000 meters of yarn. hanks of 840 yds per one pound (lb).
Weight Length
Weight Unit Length Unit (840 yds)
Tex Count = Length Ne Count = Weight
Length Unit (1000 m) Weight Unit (1 lb)

2 Denier Count System: It is the Matric (Nm) Count System:

weight in gram per 9000 It is the number of hanks (1000 m) per
meters. 1 kg (1000 gm).
Weight
Weight Unit
Denier Count = Length
Length
Length Unit (1000m)
Length Unit (9000 m) Nm Count = Weight
Weight Unit (1kg/1000gm)
3 Pounds per spindle (Jute Worsted Count System: It is the
System): It is the weight in number of Hanks of 560 yards per one
pound of 14400 yards of yarn. pound.
Weight Length
Weight Unit(1lb) Length Unit (1000m)
Jute Count = Length Worsted Count = Weight
Length Unit (14400yds) Weight Unit (1 lb)

4 Wooden Count System: It is the

number of hanks of 256 yards per one
pound.
Length
Length Unit (256 yds)
Woolen Count = Weight
Weight Unit (1 lb)
5 Linen Count: It is the number of
Hanks of 300 yards per one pound.
Length
Length Unit (300 yds)
Linen Count = Weight
Weight Unit (1 lb)
6 Length
Length Unit (50 yds)
Asbestos Count = Weight
Weight Unit (1 lb)

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Basic Information (Important)

1
❖ Formula for Yarn Diameter (d) = inch.
√Count×840
It is used to calculate sewing thread consumption.

❖ Spherometer/স্ত্রুগজ is used to measure fabric thickness.

Thickness of Knitted Fabric = 4d
Thickness of Woven Fabric = 2d
❖ Almost 210-220 yds sewing thread is needed to sew 100 yds fabric
by lock-stitch machine.
❖ Ply yarn means twisted yarn:
❖ Fold yarn means parallel yarn:

𝟒𝟎𝒔 𝟐
Question: What is the difference between and 𝟒𝟎𝒔
𝟐

Answer:
40𝑠
means single yarn count is 40 and after ply or fold the resultant count
2
is 20. Here no of ply/fold is 2.
2
means single yarn count is 80 but after ply or fold the resultant count
40𝑠
is 40. Here no. of ply/fold is 2.

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The flow chart of Yarn Spinning is below table:

Input Name of M/C-Process Output
Raw Cotton Blow Room (60-65% Lap/Chute
Trash/Dust Clear)
Lap/Chute Carding (Fiber Open, Carding Silver
Separation,
individualization, parallel)
Carding Silver Pre-Drawing Drawing-Silver
Drawing-Silver Mini Lap Forma Mini Lap
Mini Lap Combing (It removes short Roving
fibers)
Roving Ring Frame (Drafting) Yarn Cone
Yarn Cone Winding with Splicer Yarn Package

❖ Fiber properties are mentioned below:

i) Staple Length
ii) Micronaire (Fineness)
iii) Strength
iv) Trash Content (Amount of Dust Impurities)
v) Moisture (Amount of Water in Fiber)
vi) Elasticity

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PROBLEM & SOLUTION

Problem-01: If the weight of 400 meters of yarn is 6 grams, calculate its
count in Tex count and Ne count.
Solution:
We know,
Weight 6 gm
Weight Unit 1 gm 6
Tex Count = Length = 400 m = 0.4 = 15 Tex.
Length Unit 1000 m

Length 400 m (400×1.094)yds

Length Unit 840 yds 840 yds 0.52
Ne Count = Weight = 6 gram = 6 grm = 0.013 = 40 𝑁𝑒
Wight Unit 1 lb 453.6 grm

Alternative Method:
590.5 590.5
Ne Count = = = 39.37 ≈ 40
Tex 15

Problem-02: Calculate the length of 340 gm, if nylon yarn whose count is
20 tex.
Solution:
We know,
Weight
Weight Unit
Tex Count = Length
Length Unit

Weight Length Unit

Tex Count = Weight Unit × Length

340 gm 1000 m
Or, 20 = × Length
1 gm

340 gm ×1000 m
Or, Length = 1 gm × 20

∴ Length = 17000 m (Ans.)

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Problem-03: What is the weight of 35 kilometers of yarn whose count is 8.4 tex.

Solution:
We know,
Weight
Weight Unit
Tex Count = Length
Length Unit

Length Unit Weight

Tex Count = × Weight Unit
Length

1000 m Weight
Or, 8.4 = 35000 m × [35 km = 35000 m]
1 grm

35000 m × 1 grm
Or, Weight = = 4.17 grm. (Ans.)
1000 m ×8.4

Problem-04: If 27432 yards of acetate yarn weigh 240 gm, what is its count in Tex
System?

Solution:
We know,
Weight 240 gm
Weight Unit 1 gm
Tex Count = Length = 27432 yds
Length Unit 1000 m

240 m 1000 m
= 1 gm
× 27432 yds
240 ×1000 m
= = 9.57 ≈ 10
25072.85 m

∴ Tex Count = 10 (Ans.)

Additional Notes:
• 1 meter = 1.094 goz
• 1 lb length of yarn = 840 × count of the yarn goz
• Ne = English Count

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Problem-05: Calculate the count of 5000 yards of yarn in Tex System, its
weight 10 oz.
We know,
Solution: 1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 gm
1 Yard = 0.914 meter

Weight 10 oz
Weight Unit 1 gm
Tex Count = Length = 5000 yds
Length Unit 1000 m

10 oz 1000 m (10 ×28.35) gm 1000 m

= 1 gm × 5000 yds = × (5000 × 0.914) m
1 gm

283.5 ×1000
= 4570
= 62.04 ≈ 62

∴ Tex = 62 (Ans.)

Problem-06: Calculate the count of 3-fold yarn, if the count of the

composed threads which is made by 50 tex, 60 tex and 80 tex.
Solution:
We know,
For Direct System,
C = C1 + C2 + C3
C = 50+60+80
∴ C = 190
∴ The count of the 3-fold yarn is 190 count in Tex.

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Problem-07: If 240 yds of cotton yarn weight 40 grains, what is the count
and dia of the yarn also find out thickness of knit fabric?
Solution:
We know,
Length
Length Unit 240 yds 1 lb
Ne Count = Weight = 840 yds × 40 grain
Wight Unit

24 7000 grain
= × [1 lb = 7000 Grain]
84 40 grain

∴ Ne Count = 50 (Ans.)
We know,
1
(d) = = 0.0042
√Count×840

∴ Thickness of the knit fabric 4d (0.0042×4) = 0.0168

Problem-08: Find the weight of 270 yds of 60 𝑠 cotton yarn.
Solution:
We know,
Length Unit Weight 270 yds 1 lb
Ne = × Weight Unit = × Wight
Length 840 yds

240 × 1
Weight = 840 × 60 = 17.14 ≈ 18

Problem-09: What is the length of 105 gram of 40 𝑠 cotton yarn?

Solution:
We know,
Length Unit Weight
Ne Count = × Weight Unit
Length

Length × 1 lb
Or, 40 = 840 × 105 gram
840 × 105 gram
Or, Length = [1lb = 453.6 gm]
453.6 gm

∴ Length = 194.44 yards (Ans.)

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Problem-10: What is the length of 2.5 lbs of 30 𝑠 cotton count?

Solution:
We know,
Length Unit Weight
Ne Count = × Weight Unit
Length

Length 1 lb
Or, 30 = 840 yds × 2.5 lbs
840 × 2.5 lbs × 30
Or, Length = = 63000 yards
1 lb

∴ Length = 63000 yards (Ans.)

Problem-11: If 1 bundle contain 180 hanks of cotton yarn, what is the
count and length of yarn?
Solution:
We know,
1 bundle = 10 pound
1 hank = 840 yards
∴ Weight = 10 lbs.
Length = (180 × 840) yds.
= 151200 yds. (Ans.)
Length Unit Weight
Ne Count = × Weight Unit
Length

151200 yds 1 lb
= × 10 lbs
840 yds

= 18 Count in Ne (Ans.)
Alternative Method for Length Determination:
Length × Weight Unit
Ne = Length Unit ×Weight

Ne × Length Unit ×Weight

Length = Weight Unit

18 ×840 ×10
= 1

= 151200 yards (Ans.)

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 Knitwear Technology (Cutting & Sewing) - APM 7402

Problem-12: If 75 kilometers of yarn weight 2.5 kg; what is its count in

metric system?
Solution:
Weight Unit × Length
Nm =
Weight × Length Unit

1 kg × 75 km
= = 30
2.5 kg × 1 km

∴ The count of yarn in metric system (Nm) is 30.

Problem-13: 114 meters of yarn was found to wight 3 grain, calculate the
count in metric system.
Solution:
Weight Unit × Length
Nm = Weight × Length Unit

1 kg × 114m
= 3 gm × 1 km

1000 gm × 114m
= = 38 (Ans.)
1000 m × 3 gm

Problem-14: If 7200 yards of jute yarn weight 3 lbs, what is the count of
the yarn?
Solution:
Length Unit × Weight
Spindle/Jute Count = Length × Weight Unit

14400 yds × 3 lbs

=
7200 yds × 1 lb

= 6 (Ans.)

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 Knitwear Technology (Cutting & Sewing) - APM 7402

Problem-15: Calculate the resultant count of threefold cotton yarn

composed of 20 𝑠 , 15 𝑠 and 12 𝑠 .
Solution:
For Indirect System,
1 1 1 1
=C +C +C
C 1 2 3

1 1 1 1
Or, C = 20 + 15 + 12
1 3+4+5 12
Or, C = = 60
60
1 1
Or, C = 5

∴ Count = 5 𝑠 (Ans.)
∴ The resultant count of threefold cotton yarn in 5 in Ne cotton system.

THE END

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