A Textual and Visual Analysis of The Intrinsic Value Dimensions of Romania: Towards A Sustainable Destination Brand

sustainability
Article
A Textual and Visual Analysis of the Intrinsic Value
Dimensions of Romania: Towards a Sustainable
Destination Brand
Cristina Lupu 1, *, Ana Isabel Rodrigues 2 , Oana Mihaela Stoleriu 1, * and Martina G. Gallarza 3,4, *
1 Department of Geography, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Ias, i,
700506 Ias, i, Romania
2 Department of Management, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; ana.rodrigues@ipbeja.pt
3 Department of Marketing, University of Valencia (Spain), 46022 València, Spain
4 Vallorem Lab, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
* Correspondence: cristinalupu888@yahoo.com (C.L.); oana.stoleriu@uaic.ro (O.M.S.);
martina.gallarza@uv.es (M.G.G.); Tel.: +40-767-566-805 (C.L.)
Abstract: This work examines the projected image of Romania as an emerging tourism destination.
Computed content-analysis was applied to the photos, text and video materials promoted online
in Romania’s last international tourism campaign. The conceptual framework used corresponds to
intrinsic values (play, aesthetics, ethics and spirituality), from Holbrook’s typology of value. Being
more difficult to apprehend and therefore studied less, intrinsic values allow a more sophisticated
approach to value creation. The purpose here is to identify the main attributes that are promoted
about Romania by destination marketing organizations. The content analysis of text (last international
promotion campaign Explore the Carpathian Garden) and visual data (27 photos from the official
Facebook webpage and 7 TV videos) allow to depict an experiential view of Romania’s image: natural
resources (coded as aesthetics with 29% of references), epistemic value of discovery (play 25.8%),
authentic and historical traditions (ethics 25.8%) and wellness and therapeutic activities (spirituality,
19.3%). Destination marketing organizations have the potential to develop some distinctive aspects

such as authenticity (as an ethical value dimension) and play (as an active, self-oriented value).
Citation: Lupu, C.; Rodrigues, A.I.;
Findings also highlight that a complimentary approach using textual and visual data might be a
Stoleriu, O.M.; Gallarza, M.G. A Tex-
suitable option to research destination brand image.
tual and Visual Analysis of the Intrin-
sic Value Dimensions of Romania: To-
Keywords: intrinsic value dimensions; destination image; destination brand promotion; visual
wards a Sustainable Destination Brand.
data; Romania
Sustainability 2021, 13, 67. https://
dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010067
Received: 2 December 2020

Accepted: 19 December 2020 1. Introduction
Published: 23 December 2020 Tourists can have unique tourist experiences with a destination’s multimedia brand
content (images, text, videos, audios), enhancing users’ sensory and affective experiences
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neu- of a destination [1]. Destination marketing organizations (DMOs) use online media and
tral with regard to jurisdictional claims official websites in order to promote their product and hence forge a strong positive brand
in published maps and institutional image, which is a key influence on travellers’ behaviour [2]. Moreover, official destination
affiliations. websites become the destination image on the Internet, as the best way of presenting what
a destination has to offer [3]. In accordance with this, several studies [4,5] outline that the
visual and textual stimuli found on the destination official website stimulates cognitive
Copyright: © 2020 by the authors. Li-
processes in users, leading to a positive attitude towards the websites’ information.
censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This Based on classical literature on tourism destination image [6–8], which considers
article is an open access article distributed projected image (that promoted by DMOs) and organic image (that perceived by tourists),
under the terms and conditions of the recent works (e.g., [9]) have evidenced a new interface between them, where higher con-
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) gruency is needed to assure sustainable promotion over time [1]. On the one hand, the
license (https://creativecommons.org/ projected image is usually used to describe how DMOs promote tourism destinations using
licenses/by/4.0/). different kinds of online communication, which has great impact on destination branding
Sustainability 2021, 13, 67. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010067 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

Sustainability 2021, 13, 67 2 of 23
and on the destination image construct [9]. On the other hand, tourists are attracted by
promoted destination image, but they also generate an organic image and spread their own
perspectives about the images promoted by DMOs [10]. It is a two-way process that occurs
in image formation. The promoted destination images of tourism areas are confirmed by
the real photos that tourists take, as “consciously or unconsciously, tourists look for scenes
and images that replicate their existing perceptions” [11] (p. 591).
In this realm, several studies offer a comparison of brands’ online platforms which
highlights the fact that each platform has its own architecture, rules and cultural use [12–
15]. But less research has been devoted to analysis of the existing online brand content
that DMOs use to promote a projected image, despite the fact that official websites of the
tourism destinations allow tourists to obtain relevant information by visiting it, supported
by a wide range of stimuli stemming from videos, images and text [16].
Assuming that destination image can be projected through destination photographs [16],
logos [17], slogans [18] and texts [17], this work examines the value dimensions of promo-
tional materials from DMOs as drivers of an experiential consumption among tourists.
The conceptual framework used in this paper is Holbrook’s typology of value [19]
based on a combination of intrinsic (emotional and altruistic) and extrinsic (functional
and social) dimensions. Holbrook’s work is recognized as pioneering the experiential
approach of value [20] and it has been further enhanced and updated [21]. It is widely
used in tourism and hospitality fields (i.e., on students trips [22,23]), luxury hotel restau-
rants [24], the timeshare industry [25] and hotel choice [26]), but to the best of the authors’
knowledge, never in analysis of textual and visual content on DMOs. Moreover, our paper
focus on intrinsic values, which are more difficult to apprehend and have therefore been
studied less [27], although they allow a more sophisticated approach to the creation of
experiential value [28,29]. These intrinsic dimensions entail aesthetic and hedonic aspects
of tourism, alongside socially or otherwise-oriented dimension at a supra-level (i.e., ethics
and spirituality as escapism).
The aim of the paper is to use Holbrook’s intrinsic values typology to contribute to a
better understanding of the projected image of Romania as an emerging sustainable tourism
destination through the analysis of both visual and textual contents. Indeed, in the last
decade, DMOs in Romania have offered strong diversification with new destinations and
experiences such as active tourism, wellness, nightlife, traditional rural life and gastronomy.
As a result, the country has recently attracted the interest of tourism scholars who analyse
destination image based on media content, such as tourism promotion campaigns [30–33],
books and movies about the myth of Dracula [34–36] or Internet content [37–39]. This work
adds to this trend by adapting classical literature on both marketing (e.g., [19]) and tourism
services (e.g., [5,40]) through innovative qualitative approach (content-analysis of text and
pictures, the latter encompassing both photo and video analysis) [41,42].
The structure of the paper is as follows. After this introduction, a literature review fol-
lows related to Holbrook’s dimensions in consumer value theory, brand destination, image
destination and visual data in tourism research. Third section describes the methodology,
presenting Romania as a tourism destination and our research questions. In section four,
the analysis is performed, and results are presented followed by their discussion. Finally,
last section reports conclusions and limitations of the study.
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Holbrook’s Dimensions in Consumer Value Theory
Value is rooted in the customer’s holistic experience [20,21] and is defined by Holbrook
as “an interactive relativistic preference experience” [19] (p. 5) driven by the interaction
between consumer and product. Even if other typologies have been proposed, that de-
veloped by [43] has been recognized as the most influential one [43] as it “is the most
comprehensive approach to the value construct, because it captures more potential sources
of value than other conceptualizations ” [44] (p. 97), and it has been widely applied to
tourism-related contexts (e.g., [22,23,28,45]).
Value is understood as interactive because it entails an interaction between a subject (a

consumer) and an object. The object can be any product or service [21], such as in tourism-
related services—a restaurant (e.g., [44]), a hotel (e.g., [46]), or a destination (e.g., [29]). It is
also preferential because it emphasizes a preference judgement, mostly emotional and very
often related to words such as affect (pleasing vs. displeasing), attitude (like vs. dislike)
and/or evaluation (good vs. bad) [45]. The relativistic nature derives from the fact that it
is understood as personal (it varies across people), comparative (with differences among
objects) and situational (specific to the context) [43].
Helkkula et al. [47] define “value in experience” as “an ongoing, iterative circular pro-
cess of individual and collective customer sense-making, as opposed to a linear, cognitive
process restricted to isolated service encounters” (Ibid, p. 59). Customer value has been
recognized as a key determinant of customers’ decision-making and evaluative judgments,
and it is determined by the customer [20]. Hence, it is the customer who decides if an
object is valuable, not the supplier [21,48]. From a managerial point of view, value is
linked to marketing strategies such as market segmentation and product differentiation
and positioning [20] and it is therefore a useful tool for assessing destination image.
Customer value is also multidimensional, which implies that it consists of multiple
value types [19,43]. The value typology of [19] is based on three underlying dimensions:
extrinsic vs intrinsic value; active vs reactive value; and self-oriented vs. other-oriented
value (see Appendix A). By combining these dimensions, Holbrook discerns eight value
types: efficiency, excellence, status, esteem, play, aesthetics, ethics and spirituality. The
easiest distinction in [19]’s framework is the self vs. other orientation of values [28].
The distinction between active and reactive values is given by the fact that the subject
(consumer) acts/reacts on/to the object (product or service). Hence it provides differences
between, for instance, play and aesthetics “the consumers are actively involved in when
enjoying playfulness experiences, and reactively involved when contemplating an aesthetic
value in consumption” [28] (p. 5).
The extrinsic vs. intrinsic dichotomy is embedded in the typology of hedonic vs.
utilitarian value, where the emotional, affective and hedonic are used closely or are related
(as in [28,49]). Intrinsic is a term that emphasizes “the search of an end in itself” and projects
the idea that value is experiential: the consumer is at the center of the value provision as
“only a consumption experience can offer intrinsic value” [19] (p. 10).
Among intrinsic values, play is the most commonly cited dimension within the
scope of hedonism in tourism [24,25] as an active and emotional value. A second basic
experiential dimension of value is aesthetics, which is widely considered a hedonic variable
in destinations (e.g., [22]) or restaurants (e.g., [44]). Albeit less common, ethics is the third
intrinsic dimension. In a consumer context, ethical aspects reflect the feeling of being
“better off” after consumption [20] and can be related to aspects of sustainable behaviour
in both social, economic and ecological dimensions [21]. The fourth intrinsic dimension of
value is spirituality, corresponding to a supra-level (a relationship with nature, the cosmos
in general); it can be conceived as “escapism” which relates to relaxing and escaping from
reality in hotels [28] or timesharing [25].
Several researchers adapting Holbrook’s typology, such as [50,51] have combined
ethics and spirituality in an overarching value type called “altruistic value”. Our study
goes beyond these, as it considers the two hedonic values (aesthetics and play) and also two
separate altruistic values: ethics and escapism. Furthermore, Holbrook’s typology focuses
on the positive side of value (i.e., the benefits) and the trade-off between the benefits
and costs is implicitly included in “efficiency” as price, time and effort. However, for
the purpose of this paper, and in line with others [27,28], we adopt a truly experiential
approach to the destination experience, and concentrate on intrinsic values (play, aesthetics,
ethics and spirituality), and therefore disregard the trade-off approach.
2.2. Brand Destination and Image Destination

A destination brand is related to the image of a place created in people’s minds as-
sociated with uniqueness and the identity of the destination [3,52–54]. It has also been
recognized that is a critical element for destinations which wish to cope with fierce compe-
tition from others [40]. Brand images are not created in a short amount of time; it requires
sustained efforts over a long period [55]. Hence the involvement of all the stakeholders is
necessary in the process of branding the destination.
The brand can create a positive image and identity for a destination and lead to
engagement of tourists in the destination image formation. Branding is considered one
of the most powerful tools for destination marketing [56]; thus destinations need to have
a strong brand for differentiation and identification in the tourism market. Morgan et al.
consider the brand as a “set of meanings and experiences that express a promise of value
about a particular place as an element of differentiation” [57]. Empirical research in
destination branding began after [58] first introduced the concept in 1998. Now it is
generally acknowledged that brand and image concepts are related concepts. Usually, a
destination brand is used to market a destination by communicating the image, values and
attributes of the destination to visitors and other stakeholders. Tasci and associate a brand
with the “product marketing activities of the authorities” while image is considered “more
of a product of the consumer perception” [59]. Hence successful branding will include
a strong match between visitor’s perception of the destination and the brand identity
intended by the destination marketing organization [55]. From the consumer perspective,
the destination brand concept has been used similarly to the term destination image [60],
place branding [61], etc.
Online visual media communication (photos, videos, movies, brochures) shapes
customers’ perceptions and purchase intentions [62] and has become an integral component
of the marketer’s communication tools. Butler emphasized that what is shown in movies,
videos and television will become more important than print media in shaping images
of and visits to places [63]. Positive image change towards a destination as a result
of marketing campaign might conduce to long-term visits because tourism commercials,
movies or videos, may enhance the destination image perceived among its audience [62,64].
Understanding change in destination image due to a promotional campaign is a crucial
aspect since it offers implications for future campaigns regarding the positive or negative
dimensions of destination image [65]. Hays et al. investigated social media usage among
DMOs of the top 10 most-visited countries by analysing the content of their Facebook pages
and Twitter accounts [66]. Santos studied holiday brochures for DMOs as a major source to
reinforce destination image and offer information to potential tourists [67].
2.3. Visual Data in Tourism Research

“Visual Research as a field is not defined by any methodological or theoretical pre-
suppositions. It simply explains or makes use of that which is visual, visible and therefore
observable, or visually regulated” [68] (p. 6). These authors claim than visual research
should expand in scope and theoretical orientations beyond the study of photographs.
Simply put, visual research is an emerging sub-field of qualitative approach. The use
of visual methods thus emerges as a field of study, defined by [69] as “visual research
methods” (VRM), which is in an initial but developing phase of qualitative research [70].
This focus on the visual has been visible across a wide range of disciplines (e.g., [70–74]).
Based on Banks’s work [71,72] the visual element can assume two important roles in a
qualitative research process [75]:
1. On one hand, the adoption of visual methods based on the use of image as a stimulus
to extract information and relevant data from the respondents (e.g., photo and video-
elicitation, reflexive photography). That is, the adoption of a direct visual method
to create data by using elicitation techniques. When the researcher uses this type of
visual methods, the focus is the image itself, such as visualizing a video or projecting
a photograph as a stimulus, in order to gather opinions, ideas, and perceptions from
the respondent. This is a different approach to obtaining answers, often putting the re-
spondent in a more comfortable and relaxed situation. From an image a conversation
is generated.
2. On the other hand, visual data is a corpus of empirical material that needs to be anal-
ysed in order to extract information. The visual becomes data both from (i) primary
sources (researcher-generated) where the researcher decides to create visual data to
help their investigations through a video, photo or a drawing; and (ii) secondary
sources such as previously published material or which is available in the Internet.
To this end, the use of methods of analysis such as content analysis, for example, is of
utmost importance. In this case, the visual data is seen as corpus and units of analysis,
in some cases complementary to textual data. In certain research contexts, the visual
data thus becomes relevant units for analysis.
Accordingly, there are several methods and techniques that use visual data to obtain
information [76]. Methods that are based on still images, such as photos, like photo-
essay, photo-elicitation, reflective photography or photovoice, just to mention a few, will
be described further; and there are also methods based on dynamic images, such as
videography. Some authors advocate that there should be no separation between the use
of text and the corresponding image in terms of analysis, but that they should be seen as
complementary [77].
Regarding tourism research, an increase in visual approaches have been evident in
the last decade [78–83] some of them highlighting the benefits of combining textual with
visual data [76,84,85]. In tourism, as stated by [83] (p. 3) “a significantly greater focus on
the visual has also been seen” and the potential of visual methods for the creation of new
knowledge about tourism is immense, according to these authors. In fact, a study of images
or visual data may reveal new insights and perspectives that are not accessible through
the use of other data. In terms of the use of qualitative data, textual and pictorial data
started to be used in tourism destination image (TDI) studies, mainly in the 2000s, based on
imagery processing theory [86] as a new paradigm applied to consumer behaviour. In fact,
imagery processing-theory as a way of assessing DI was brought in by [7]. A milestone in
including the visual element in assessing TDI was the work of [87]. Since then, pictorial
materials (in addition to textual data) have been analysed via several techniques such as
content analysis [59,82,84,88–90].
Recently, the so-called social media websites, representing various forms of consumer-
generated content (CGC) such as blogs, virtual communities, wikis, social networks, collab-
orative tagging, and media files shared on sites like YouTube and Facebook, have gained
substantial popularity in online travellers’ use of the Internet [91] (p. 179). With these,
a new form of image has appeared, one that focuses on visual analysis of photos and
videos as a means to communicate the experience at the destination. They are of particular
relevance as unique representations of tourists’ perceptions, values and experiences of
a specific location with great potential for DMOs’ marketing campaigns. This is a field
within projected image that needs to be further explored in terms of TDI research.
3. Methodology
3.1. Case Study: Romania as a Tourism Destination
Romania properly entered the global tourism market in 1990, opening its borders after
the fall of the communist regime. However, its presence became more prominent in the
early 2000s, after a long transition period. The boost of tourist arrivals around Romania’s
accession to the EU (in 2007) was stopped by the global economic crisis, followed by a
quick recovery after 2011 [92,93]. In 2018, the number of Romania’s tourist arrivals reached
12.9 million, of whom 27.66% were foreign tourist arrivals.
After 2000, the development of Romanian tourism was supported by the country’s
efforts to increase its international awareness by launching three international tourism
promotion campaigns [31,32]. New market segments and experiential products have been
developed in the last decade, with a strong growth of rural tourism (based on cultural
authenticity), city-breaks, business tourism and active tourism. However this development
is spatially very concentrated in several known tourist areas [94,95], such as: Bucharest and
major cities (gathering about 47% of the tourist arrivals in 2019), followed by mountain
resorts (17%), seaside (9%), Danube Delta (1%), health resorts (9%) and other destinations
including smaller cities and rural areas (with 18%) [92].
As known, DMOs are public or private organizations that work at different admin-
istrative levels to implement the tourism development and marketing policy of a desti-
nation [96]. In this case, Romanian DMOs organizations tend to have limited funding
sources, budgets and tools to sustain a full range of tourism support services. In this paper
we considered the perspective of the main national DMO—the Romanian Ministry of
Tourism (that launched and managed the international tourism promotion campaign) and
the perspective of an independent organization that promotes Romanian tourism online
(i.e., Official National Tourism Organization). The DMOs promotes Romania as a tourism
destination on the internal and international market and ensures collaboration with other
institutions, public authorities and organizations interested in tourism development [97].
Since the launching of the last tourism promotion campaign (in 2010) there were
six main tourism products considered essential for Romania’s tourism: rural tourism
(focused on cultural authenticity), nature based tourism, health and wellness tourism,
active and adventure tourism, complex tours including cultural and natural attractions,
and citybreaks [98]. With these, the Romanian authorities aimed to attract multiple market
segments.
As an emerging tourism destination, Romania has attracted the interest of scholars.
A study on the image projected by video spots from tourism promotion campaigns [32]
showed a slow development of the core tourism destinations and products individualized
in the communist period, namely: mountain tourism in the Carpathians, health resorts and
the Black Sea seaside [99], followed by the capital city Bucharest, the Danube Delta and
several iconic religious and historical attractions (e.g., UNESCO heritage churches, [100]).
Other studies used content analysis to address the online information [34,38], visitor
reviews [37] and Western bloggers’ images [101] about the famous Dracula myth, its
associated experiences and iconic destinations. Similar studies through Tripadvisor reviews
were done for two other iconic destinations in Romania: the UNESCO labelled churches in
north-eastern Romania [100] and the Danube Delta Biosphere reserve [102]. Other works
underlined the press and social media reaction to tourism branding campaigns. In this
sense, Andrei [103] underlined the generally negative echoes of Romania’s international
tourism campaigns in the national and international media; and Capatina et al. [104]
studied the main variables of social media mention that influenced the ranking of Romanian
hotels on Facebook (i.e., the role of the brand’s likelihood to be discussed in social media
and its range of influence).
3.2. Research Framework and Research Questions

The main aim of this paper is to explore the image attributes of Romania as a tourism
destination, framed by Holbrook’s value intrinsic dimensions about consumer experience.
The purpose here is to identify the main attributes being promoted about Romania by
DMOs, but with a different approach related to intrinsic value typology, a more experiential
perspective that can add value to the destination. The final goal is to reflect on how Romania
as a tourism destination might develop its brand strategy for the future based on a more
experiential and sustainable perspective. Based on an exploratory and preliminary study
of an ongoing work, we identified the image dimensions that could be incorporated into a
more sustainable and experiential brand strategy.
The research question(s) addressed are the following, corresponding to the four
intrinsic dimensions of Holbrook’s typology:
• What are the main items/attributes and their meaning within the (a) play or enter-
tainment (b) aesthetics, (c) ethics and (d) spirituality dimensions about Romania as a
tourism destination, according to Holbrook’s schema?
3.3. Data Analysis and Analysis Strategy

This study is grounded on content-analysis of text and pictures, advocating that there
are benefits in combing both types of data [75,84,85]. As the main goal of this study is to
explore the main attributes of Romania as a destination through the “lens” of Holbrook’s in-
trinsic value schema, a more interpretative technique was needed, such as content-analysis.
Content analysis was used as a research technique for making replicable and valid infer-
ences from data to their context [105,106]. From this perspective, “photographs, videotapes,
or any other item that can be made into text are amenable to content analysis” [107] (p. 240).
In this study, textual data analysis was undertaken first, complemented by a visual analysis
based on photos and videos.
3.3.1. Textual Analysis

The textual data considered as the corpus for analysis was part of the official Roma-
nia Tourism (Minister of Tourism) brochure, based on the last international promotion
campaign (Explore the Carpathian Garden, ECG) launched between 2010–2015. Data
was related to Romania in general and was first content-analysed using WebQDA (web
qualitative data analysis) software, which carries out qualitative data analysis individ-
ually or collaboratively, synchronously or asynchronously [108]. A descriptive coding
that “summarizes in a word or short phrase—most often as a noun—the basic topic of a
passage . . . ” [109] (p. 70) was adopted. In fact, a direct approach was undertaken where
“the researcher uses existing theory or prior research to develop the initial coding scheme
prior to beginning to analyse the data” [110] (p. 1286). In this case, a codebook based on
Holbrook’s [19] intrinsic value types (play, aesthetics, ethics and spirituality) was used to
categorize each one of the references extracted from the textual data.
3.3.2. Visual Analysis

The analysis was based on visual data composed by still (photos) and moving (videos)
images about Romania as a destination (see Supplementary Materials). The photos used
as data were posted on the Romania DMOs official Facebook webpage (available at
https://www.facebook.com/VisitRomania) from the official album named “cover photos”,
with a total of 30 photos (3 photos were repeated) so the final visual corpus for content
analysis was 27 photos. Regarding the moving images such as videos, 7 TV spots from the
last international promotion campaign (Explore the Carpathian Garden, ECG) launched
between 2010–2015 were considered for analysis with the following themes: Natural
Romania, Wellness Romania, Rural Tourism Romania, Cultural Romania, City Breaks
Romania, Authenticity Romania and Adventure Romania.
(a) Photos Analysis
The analysis strategy was grounded on a more “compositional” approach to photogra-
phy, based on the elements that make up the image, to be used through a more quantitative
approach for content analysis. As [83] a more ‘representational reading’ of the photos was
undertaken, since tourism is essentially a “way of seeing” and its pleasure is in the eye.
In this case, there was no room for interpretation according to a context; it was mainly a
description of the photo. It is important to note that the choice of a specific method for
pictorial analysis depends directly on the objectives of the study and the type of data to
be extracted from the visual element (e.g., photograph, cartoon, drawing, or video [75]).
Content and composition are two components of the image taken into account in content
analysis [78]. According to these authors, the content of the photograph passes through
the survey of the elements that compose it as a function of a totality; the composition refers
to the connection that exists between the various elements that make up the photograph.
Content analysis is the method that allows the quantification of observed elements in a
“sample” of images obtained according to a well-defined, clear and reasoned methodologi-
cal procedure [69]. It is important to note that content analysis is a method that focuses
on the image itself and its composition, not on the “cultural analysis” and contextual
information.
In this case, the 27 photos were first themed according to [40]’s framework, which
includes every aspect of DI based on nine image categories or dimensions (in these case
four categories were considered): natural resources; natural environment; culture, history
and art; and atmosphere of places.
(b) Video Analysis
The analysis of videos contents consisted of the following stages based on [111]:
extraction of resources, analysis of the resources and indexation. The first stage consisted
of the separation of image and text, i.e., since the videos are subtitled, the subtitles were
the corpus considered for the analysis. In the second stage, individual segments with
text extracted from the video’s subtitles constituted the units of analysis. Finally, the
third stage—indexation—corresponds to the coding procedure based on a pre-defined tree
coding system based on [19]’s typology, i.e., all the segments extracted from the videos were
coded to the corresponding category (play, aesthetic, ethics or spiritual intrinsic value).
4. Results
The content analysis of text and visual data was conducted separately. Nevertheless,
the findings are eminently similar. Methodologically, a complementary approach was
applied in this study, based on the use of textual and visual data. In accordance with the
literature [42], this study is grounded on a combined use of textual and visual data. First
reported are the results of text analysis, followed by visual analysis (photos & videos), after
which the discussion brings the observations together.
4.1. Textual Analysis

As a first approach to the textual data, the outcomes related to image attributes of
Romania as a tourism destination are presented here in a word cloud as a visual repre-
sentation of data in a free format. Three main considerations were brought out from the
word cloud in Figure 1 generated by WordItOut (http://worditout.com). Word clouds
are visualization tools that differentiate font size based on the frequency of particular
words. At a first glance, attributes more related with “traditions”, “authentic”, “places”,
“historical” are seen, meaning that Romania is deeply associated with the authenticity of
places strongly grounded in their traditions and history, which might enhance an ‘ethi-
cal’ experience more intrinsically appreciated by the way it affects others or how others
respond to it. Secondly, it was curious to note that a second group of attributes, such as
“people”, “great”, “exciting”, “interest” or “path” give rise to ideas more associated with
entertainment, and fun in consumption experiences actively pursued for the self-oriented
value experience. This is in line with the intrinsic value type of “play” of Holbrook’s
schema. Thirdly, when describing Romania as a destination in its promotion brochure, it is
possible to find descriptor words in this word cloud such as: “remarkable”, “amazing”,
“magnificent”, “comfort”, “openness”, “wildness “, “inspiring” or “pleasurable”, meaning
that there are intangible, psychological or abstract elements that are close to both aesthetics
and escapism as spirituality in the tourism experience. In conclusion, this word elicitation
technique allows reflection upon the multidimensionality of tourism experiences, mainly
its intrinsic dimension (more affective, emotional, hedonic or aesthetical) that should be
taken into consideration when defining a tourist brand strategy for Romania.
ble to find descriptor words in this word cloud such as: “remarkable”, “amazing”, “mag-
nificent”, “comfort”, “openness”, “wildness “, “inspiring” or “pleasurable”, meaning that
there are intangible, psychological or abstract elements that are close to both aesthetics
and escapism as spirituality in the tourism experience. In conclusion, this word elicitation
Sustainability 2021, 13, 67 technique allows reflection upon the multidimensionality of tourism experiences, mainly
9 of 23
its intrinsic dimension (more affective, emotional, hedonic or aesthetical) that should be
taken into consideration when defining a tourist brand strategy for Romania.
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Textual
Textual corpus
corpusfrom
fromRomania’s
Romania’sofficial
officialtourist
touristbrochure (general
brochure description).
(general Source:
description). Source:
Generated by WordItOut.
Generated by WordItOut.
Table11depicts
Table depicts a more
a more detailed
detailed multidimensional
multidimensional nature nature of a tourism
of a tourism experienceexperience
when
when visiting Romania as a destination. It is possible to find
visiting Romania as a destination. It is possible to find concrete, tangible or functional concrete, tangible or func-
at-
tional attributes of Romania (e.g., Danube Delta, UNESCO World
tributes of Romania (e.g., Danube Delta, UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Spas or Carpathian Heritage Sites, Spas or
Carpathian Mountains). All the references (units of analysis)
Mountains). All the references (units of analysis) extracted from the textual corpus were extracted from the textual
corpus according
coded, were coded, to aaccording
deductivetoprocedure
a deductive procedure
based based onintrinsic
on Holbrook’s Holbrook’s valueintrinsic
types:
valueaesthetics,
play, types: play, aesthetics,
ethics ethics or For
or spirituality. spirituality.
more clarity For more clarity
in textual in textual
analysis, analysis,
each element each
is
element isbyassigned
assigned the fourby the four
authors authors (assuming
(assuming we are acting we are acting astoexperts)
as experts) one of the to one of the
intrinsic
intrinsic dimensions.
dimensions. However,However,
accordingaccording to the “compresence”
to the “compresence” characteristics
characteristics of [19]’s
of [19]’s typology,
typology,
which stands which standsand
for holistic for multifaceted
holistic and consumption
multifaceted experiences
consumption experiences
where multiple where
value
multiple value
dimensions dimensions
emerge at the sameemerge
time,atsome
the same
elements time, somebeelements
could considered could be considered
in more than one
in more than
dimension (seeone dimension
“amazing” or (see “amazing”asorpotential
“magnificent” “magnificent”driversas ofpotential
play and/or drivers of play
escapism).
and/or
Afterescapism).
the four authors acted as judges on the selected input (they coded it indepen-
dently untilthe
After agreement was reached),
four authors acted as ajudges
total ofon 31the
textual references
selected input were
(theyextracted
coded it from
inde-
the corpus, until
pendently among them 9 references
agreement codedaastotal
was reached), “aesthetic” (29%),references
of 31 textual followed by were8 references
extracted
as “play”
from and 8 asamong
the corpus, “ethics” (25.8%
them each) andcoded
9 references finallyas7 “aesthetic”
references for “spirituality”
(29%), followed by (19.3%).
8 ref-
This categorization demonstrates that there is a distribution among
erences as “play” and 8 as “ethics” (25.8% each) and finally 7 references for “spirituality” the four intrinsic values,
corresponding to a more abstract,
(19.3%). This categorization intangiblethat
demonstrates andthere
psychological dimension
is a distribution among of the
thetourism
four in-
experience
trinsic values, (e.g., “experience inspiring
corresponding to a moreplaces”
abstract,(play category),
intangible and“ever-fresh
psychological beauty of the
dimension
Danube Delta” experience
of the tourism (aesthetic category), “unique places
(e.g., “experience inspiring andplaces”
traditions”
(play(ethics category),
category), “Mol-
“ever-fresh
davia and Bukovina’s monasteries comfort your eyes and calm
beauty of the Danube Delta” (aesthetic category), “unique places and traditions” (ethics your soul” (spirituality
category).
category), This explorative
“Moldavia content analysis
and Bukovina’s which looks
monasteries comfort for your
semantic
eyescongruence
and calm your between
soul”
the coded references and Holbrook’s explanation of each dimension
(spirituality category). This explorative content analysis which looks for semantic congru- (see Chapters 5, 6, 7
and
ence9 between
in Holbrook, 1999), references
the coded throw results andinHolbrook’s
accordanceexplanation
with Holbrook’s of eachconceptualization
dimension (see
of value dimensions
Chapters 5, 6, 7 andwithin the intrinsic
9 in Holbrook, nature
1999), throwin his classification,
results corroborating
in accordance the idea
with Holbrook’s
that value is “an interactive relativistic preference experience” [19].
conceptualization of value dimensions within the intrinsic nature in his classification, cor-
roborating the idea that value is “an interactive relativistic preference experience” [19].
4.2. Visual Analysis
Table 2Analysis
4.2. Visual shows the result of the photo coding procedure. A preliminary categorization
of photos according to Beerli and Martin [40] was made by the four authors as a form of
organizing the visual framework of these photos. Each image category from a total of 27
photos from Beerli and Martin’s classification emerged, namely “natural resources” (22.2%),
“natural environment” (51.8%), “culture, history and art” (22.2%), and “atmosphere of
place” (3.7%). Additionally, sub-themes were extracted from each corresponding category
(“lakes & mountains” and “variety of flora and fauna”; “beauty of the scenery” and “winter
landscape”; “historical buildings and art” and “customs and way of life”; “relaxing and
enjoyable”).
26F0
2702
⛰ 26BD
✂ 2703
26B9 ✃
⚽
\textMountain
⚹ 26D4 \textSoccerBall
\textScissorRightBrokenTop
⛔
\texthexstar
\textScissorRight \textnoway MO
2701 ✁
⛺ 26C5 ✄
⛅ 26C6 ✆
⛆
\textScissorRightBrokenBottom \textRain
\textPUuncrfemale
2706
\textSunCload \textPhoneHandset
BL
UP
26FA
2703 ✃ \textTent
2704
26B2
26BD ⚽⚲ USV Symbol
\textuncrfemale
⛰
\textSoccerBall
26F0
\textScissorRightBrokenTop Macro(s)
\textScissorHollowRight
\textMountain TE
2702
2701 ✂
✁ 26B9
26C6
2706
⚹
✆
⛆ ✇
⛔
\texthexstar
26D4
\textScissorRight
2707
\textRain
\textScissorRightBrokenBottom
\textnoway
\textTape
\textPUuncrfemale
\textPhoneHandset
LO
BL
UP
2704
2703 ✄
✃ 26C5
26BD ⛅
⚽ 26FA
26B2 ⛺
\textSunCload
⚲
✈
⛰ USV
\textSoccerBall
26F0
2708 Symbol
\textTent
\textuncrfemale
\textMountain
\textPlane Macro(s) WH
2702
2706
✂✆ 26B9
26D4
26C6
⚹
✇
⛔
⛆ \texthexstar
\textnoway
\textScissorRight
2707 \textTape
✁
\textRain
2701
\textPhoneHandset \textScissorRightBrokenB
\textPUuncrfemale
LO
BL
2704
2703 ✄
✃ 26C5
USV
26BD
26F0
⛅
Symbol
⚽
✈
⛰ Macro(s)
26FA
2709 ✉
⛺
\textSunCload \textTent
\textEnvelope
26B2
\textSoccerBall
\textMountain
2708 \textPlane ⚲
TE
WH
\textuncrf
2707 ✇
✆ 26D4 ⛔
\textTape
⛆ 26B9 ⚹
✂
\textnoway
2702 ✁ \texthexstar
\textScissorRight LO
TA
Sustainability 2021, 13, 67 2706
2704 ✄ 26C6
26C5
26FA 2701
\textPhoneHandset
⛅
✉
⛺ 270C
USV ✌
\textRain
\textSunCload
Symbol
\textTent
2709 \textEnvelope
\textScissorRightBrokenB
\textPeace
Macro(s) 10 of \textPUunc
23 TE
2708 ✈ 26B2
26F0 ⛰⚲
\textPlane 26BD ✃
⚽
\textuncrfemale
\textMountain
2703 \textSoccerBall
\textScissorRightBrokenT
⚹
WH
2707
2706 ✇
✆ 26D4
26C6
2701
⛔
\textTape
✁
⛆
✌ ✂
✍
\textnoway
2702
270D
\textRain
26B9
\textScissorRight
\textWritingHand
\textPUuncrfemale
\textPhoneHandset
270C \textPeace
AI
\texthexst
TA
2709
2708 ✉
✈ 26FA
26F0 ⛺
⛰
\textPlane
26C5
\textEnvelope
26B2 ✄
⛅
\textTent
2704 ⚲
✃
✎
\textMountain
2703
270E
\textSunCload
⚽
\textuncrfemale
26BD
\textPencilRightDown
TE
EN
\textSocce
2707 ✇ 26B9
26D4
2702 ⚹
✂
⛔
✍
\textTape
270D \texthexstar
\textnoway USV
\textScissorRight
\textWritingHand Symbol Macro(s) AI
270C
2709 ✌
✉ 2701
26FA ✁
\textPeace
⛺ 26C6
\textEnvelope
✆
⛆
✏
\textTent
2704
270F
\textRain
2706 ✄ \textPUuncrfemale
\textPhoneHandset
26C5 ⛅
\textPencilRight
TA
VIC
\textSunCl
2708
270D ✍✈ 26BD
26F0
2703
2702 ✃
⚽
⛰
✎
\textPlane
270E ✂ \textSoccerBall
\textMountain
26B9
26D4 ⚹
✇
⛔ ⚲
\texthexstar
\textnoway
26B2
\textScissorRight
2707
\textWritingHand \textTape
EN
AI
\textuncrf
Table 1. Tree coding of textual corpus from the Romania’s official USV
270C
2709
Symbol
tourist ✌
✉ Macro(s)
2701
brochure ✁
(general
\textPeace
26C5
26FA
2704 ✄
⛅
⛺
✏ 2706
2710
\textEnvelope
270F
✆
✐
description)
\textSunCload
\textTent
26C6 ⛆
intrinsic values.
\textPhoneHandset
\textPencilRightUp
\textPencilRight
\textRainD
WR
VIC
270E ✎ 2703 ✃ 26BD
26F0 ⚽
✈
⛰ \textSoccerBall
\textMountain
2708
\textPencilRightDown \textPlane \textPUunc
EN
270D ✍✌ 2702
26C6 ✂
✁
✆
⛆
✐ 2711 ✇
✑
\textRain 26D4
\textScissorRight
2707
\textWritingHand USV\textTape⛔
\textNibRight
Symbol
⚹ Macro(s)
LO
\textnoway
WR
Textual References/Category Holbrook’s Intrinsic Values (Total 31)270F
270C
26B2 ✏⚲
Play
2701
2706
\textPeace
2710
\textuncrfemale
2704 ✄ \textScissorRightBrokenBottom
\textPhoneHandset
26C5
26FA 26B9
\textPencilRightUp
⛅
✉
⛺ \textSunCload
\textTent
2709
\textPencilRight
Aesthetic Ethics \textEnvelope
Spirituality
\texthexst
VIC
NE
270E
270D ✎
✍ 2703
26D4
2702
2707
✃
⛔
\textPUuncrfemale
✑ ✈
✒
\textnoway 26F0
\textScissorRight
\textTape
\textWritingHand
2711 \textNibRight 26BD
⛰
2708
✂
✇ 2712 \textPlane
\textNibSolidRight
⚽
PE
\textMount
LO
\textSocce
2710 ✐
✏ 2706 ✆
✄ USV
26C6
2701
270C
\textPencilRightUp ✁
⛆
Symbol
✌
✉ Macro(s)
\textRain⚲
\textPhoneHandset
\textPeace
26B2 ⛺
WR
\textuncrf
UP
Authenticity 270F
26B9
270E ⚹
✎ 2704
\textPencilRight
26F0
2703
2708 ✃
\texthexstar
✈
⛰
✒ 2713 ✓
\textMountain
\textPlane
2712
26FA
2709 \textEnvelope
\textCheckmark
26C5
\textNibSolidRight ⛅
\textTentPE
SE
\textSunCl
2711
USV ✑
Symbol
✐ 2707
Macro(s)✇ 26D4
2702
270D
\textNibRight
✆ ✂
⛔
✍
\textTape
✌ \textnoway
\textScissorRight
\textWritingHand
✁
LO
\textPUunc
D
WH
2710
26BD ⚽
✏ 2706
\textPencilRightUp
26FA
2704
2709 ✄ 2714
26B2
\textSoccerBall
✉
⛺
✓ ✔
⚲
\textTent 2701
\textPhoneHandset
270C \textPeace
\textCheckmarkBold
\textuncrfemale
\textEnvelope ⛆
\textSciss
UP
Welcoming nature 270F
2712 ✒ \textPencilRight
2713
2708 ✈ \textCheckmark
26F0
2703 ✃
⛰
✎
\textPlane
270E
\textNibSolidRight 26C6
26B9 ⚹
\textMountain \textRain
SO
\texthexst
PE
2711
26C5
USV ✑
⛅
Symbol
✐ 2707 ✇
\textNibRight
✁
✆ 2715
\textSunCload
Macro(s)✌ ✍
✕
\textTape
270D 2702 ✂
\textPUuncrfemale
\textWritingHand
\textXSolid
BL
\textSciss
D
WH
2710
26B2 ⚲
✓
2701
2706
270C
2714 ✔
\textuncrfemale
2709 ✉ \textScissorRightBrokenBottom
\textPhoneHandset
\textPeace
\textPencilRightUp
26FA
2704 ✄
⛺
✏
\textEnvelope 26D4
\textCheckmarkBold
26BD
\textTent⛔
⚽ SU
\textnoway
\textSocce
\textScissorHollowRight UP
NE
Exciting culture 2713
2712 ✒
⛆ 2708 ✈ 270F
\textCheckmark
26B9
270E
\textNibSolidRight
2716 ⚹
✎
✖
\textPlane \textPencilRight
2703 ✃
\texthexstar
\textXSolidBold
CH
\textSciss
26C6
2711 ✑ 2702
2707
270D ✂
✇
\textRain
✍
\textPUuncrfemale
✕
\textNibRight
2715 ✌ \textScissorRight
\textTape
\textWritingHand
\textXSolid
✁
✆
✐ 26F0
26C5 ⛰
⛅
BL
RA
\textMount
\textSunCl
WH
2714
26B2
USV ✔⚲
✓
Symbol
270C
Macro(s)
2709 ✉ 2701
2706
\textPeace
2710
\textCheckmarkBold
\textuncrfemale
26BD ⚽
✏
✗
\textEnvelope
\textPhoneHandset
\textPencilRightUp
✄
\textSoccerBall
2704 HE
NE
D
\textSciss
Experiencing Inspiring places 2713
26B9
26D4
2712 ⚹
⛔
✒ 2703
2708
270E
2716 ✃
\texthexstar
✈
\textnoway
✎
✖ 270F
\textCheckmark
2717 \textPencilRight
\textXSolidBrush
\textPlane
\textNibSolidRight 26FA
\textXSolidBold ⛺
⛆ \textTent
CH
SE
NO
2715 ✕ 270D ✍
\textPUuncrfemale
\textXSolid
✌ 2702
2707 ✂
✇
✑ 26C6
\textWritingHand
2711
26C5 ⛅
✐ \textScissorRight
\textTape
\textNibRight
✆
\textSunCload \textRainBL
2714
26BD
26F0 ✔
⚽
⛰✓ 270C
2704
2709 ✄ 2710
\textCheckmarkBold
2719
\textSoccerBall
✉
\textMountain
✏
✗ ✙
\textPeace 2706
\textPencilRightUp
\textPlusOutline
\textEnvelope ✁
MU
\textPhone
HE
Love Romania 2713
26B9
26B2
2716 ⚹⚲
✖ 270F
\textCheckmark
2717
\texthexstar
✎
\textuncrfemale
270E
USV
\textPencilRight
2703
2708
\textXSolidBold
Symbol ✒ 2701
\textXSolidBrush
✃
✈ 26D4 ⛔
\textPlane
2712
Macro(s)⛆ \textNibSolidRight
SO
MO
\textSciss
\textnoway
CH
SE
NE
2715
26C5
26FA ⛅
⛺
✔✕ 270D ✍
\textXSolid
✆
26C6
271A
\textSunCload
✌
\textTent
✐ ✑
✚ \textRain
2707
\textWritingHand
2711 \textPlus✇
\textNibRight \textTapeHE
MU
Exciting love destination of unbeaten paths 2714
26BD
2717 ⚽✗
2706
270C
2710 ✙
\textSoccerBall
270F ✏ \textPhoneHandset
\textPUuncrfemale
\textPeace
\textPencilRightUp
\textCheckmarkBold
2719 2704
2709 ✄
✉
✓ 2702
\textPlusOutline
26F0
\textPencilRight
2713
\textXSolidBrush ✂
⛰ SU
TE
\textSciss
\textMount
\textEnvelope
\textCheckmark HE
SO
2716 ✁
⛆✖ 270E ✎ 26D4
\textXSolidBold ⛔
✒
✛ 2708
2712
271B ✈
\textnoway
\textNibSolidRight BA
\textPlane
\textPlusThinCenterOpen
26C6
2701
26B9
2715
26C5 ⚹
⛅✕ 26B2
270D
2711 ✇
\textRain
✍
✚⚲
✑
\texthexstar
2707
\textXSolid
271A
\textSunCload
✐ \textTape
\textuncrfemale
\textWritingHand
\textNibRight
\textPlus
✆
✌ 2703
26FA
USV ✃
⛺
Symbol \textTent
Macro(s)
HE
RA
UP
\textSciss
SE
2719 ✙
✗ 2710
270F ✏ 2706
270C
26F0 ✔
⛰
✓
✜
\textPhoneHandset
\textPeace
\textPencilRightUp
2714
\textPlusOutline \textCheckmarkBold
2709
\textPencilRight
2713 ✉
\textMountain
\textCheckmark
MU
SU
OU
\textEnvel
Natural features are unique 2717
26D4
2702
26BD
2716 ✂
⛔
⚽
⛆✖ \textXSolidBrush
✈
\textnoway
✎ 271C
\textScissorRight
✒
✛
\textSoccerBall
2708
270E
2712
\textXSolidBold
271B \textPlane \textPlusCenterOpen
\textPUuncrfemale
\textNibSolidRight
2704
\textPlusThinCenterOpen ✄
✁
BA
NO
BL
SO
26C6
271A ✚ \textRain
2711 ✑
\textPlus
✐
⚹ 2707
270D ✇
✍
✕
\textNibRight
2715
26FA ⛺
✔
2701
\textTape
\textWritingHand
\textXSolid
\textTent✌
\textSciss
HE
RA
2719
26F0
2703
26C5 ✃
⛰
⛅✙
✗ 2710
26B9
270F
2713 ✉
\textMountain
✏ ✝
\texthexstar
\textPlusOutline
271D
✓
✜
\textSunCload
2709 \textEnvelope 270C
\textPencilRightUp
2714
\textPencilRight
\textCheckmark ⚲
\textCheckmarkBold
\textCross
26B2 ✆
HE
\textPeace
\textuncrf
OU
MO
Our country enjoys the embrace of the Carpathians 2717
26D4
271B ⛔✛ \textXSolidBrush
271C
\textnoway
2712
USV ✒ 2708
270E ✖ 2706
\textPlusCenterOpen
✈
✎ 2702 ✂
\textPlane
\textNibSolidRight
2716
Symbol Macro(s)✁ \textXSolidBold
LO
\textPhone
SU
\textSciss
BA
NO
271A
26FA
2704 ✄
⛺
⛆✚
✙ 2711
26BD ✑
⚽
\textPlus
✌
\textTent
✐
2701 ✕
✞
\textNibRight
2715 270D
\textSoccerBall
271E
✔ ✍
\textXSolid \textPUunc
\textCrossOpenShadow
OP
\textWriti
HE
26C6
2719
26F0 ⛰✜
\textRain
270C
2710
2714 ✝
\textMountain
2713 ✓ \textPeace
\textPencilRightUp
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPlusOutline
271D \textCross
2709
270F ✉
✏
✗
\textCheckmark2707
2703 ✇
✃
\textEnvelope
\textPencilRight
⚹ \textTapeTE
WH
RA
\textSciss
OU
MO
True wilderness 271C
271B ✁✛
✆ 2712
26C5 ✒
⛅ 2717
\textPlusCenterOpen
2702 ✂
✖
✟
\textSunCload
271F
\textXSolidBrush
26B9
270E
\textNibSolidRight
2716 ✎
\textScissorRight
\textXSolidBold
\textCrossOutline \texthexst
HE
\textPenci
2701
2706
26D4
271A Symbol
26FA
USV
⛔
⛺✚ 2711
26B2
2715 ✍
✑
✕
✞
\textPlus
271E
\textTent
Macro(s)✔⚲
\textPhoneHandset
\textnoway
270D \textWritingHand
\textNibRight
\textuncrfemale
\textXSolid
✌
✐
✙ 2708
2704 ✈
✄
OP
UP
TE
\textPlane
NO
\textSciss
D
HE
271D ✝ 2714
✜ 270E \textCross
2713 ✓
⛆
270C
2710
2703 ✗
✠
\textCheckmark
\textPeace
\textPencilRightUp
\textCheckmarkBold
2719 ✃ \textPlusOutline
26BD
270F ⚽
✏
TE
\textSocce
\textScissorRightBrokenT LA
\textPenci
Ever-fresh beauty of the Danube Delta 271C
2702
2707
26F0
271B ✂
⛰
✁✇
✛ 26C6
2712
2716 ✎
✟ 2717
\textMountain \textRain
\textPlusCenterOpen
2720
\textScissorRight
✒
\textTape
✖ \textXSolidBrush
\textCrossMaltese
\textPUuncrfemale
\textNibSolidRight
\textXSolidBold
271F 2709
\textCrossOutline ✉
✆
HE
BL
TA
\textEnvel
MO
2701
271E ✞ 2715 ✕
✔ 270D
2711 ✍
✑
✚
\textXSolid
271A
2704 ✄
✙
2706
\textWritingHand
\textNibRight
\textPlus
26C5 ⛅
✐
\textPhone
OP
UP
\textSunCl
Extensive plains scattered with little natural and cultural treasures26FA 271D
26B2
2703
2708 ✃
⛺✝ 270F
⚲
✈
✜ 2714
26D4 ⚹
⛔
\textCross
26B9 2719
\textuncrfemale
2713 ✏ ✡
\textnoway
\texthexstar
2721
✓
\textPlane
✗
✠
\textTent 2710
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPencilRight
USV
\textCheckmark \textPlusOutline
\textDavidStar
✌
Symbol Macro(s)
SH
\textPenci
LA
NE
271C
2702
271F ✂✟ 2717
2720
2716 ✖ \textXSolidBrush
\textPlusCenterOpen
270E
2712 ✛ 270C
\textCrossMaltese
\textScissorRight ✎
✒ 2707
\textXSolidBold
271B
\textCrossOutline ✆ ✇
\textNibSolidRight
26C6 ⛆ \textRain
LO
AI
\textPeace
\textTapeTE
HE
BL
271E
2704
2709 ✄
✁✞
✉
✝ 2715
26F0 ✕
⛰
⚽
✐
2706
\textPUuncrfemale ✚
✢
\textXSolid
271A
\textMountain
26BD 2711
\textSoccerBall
2722
✔
\textEnvelope
✙ \textPlus✑
\textPhoneHandset
\textFourAsterisk
OU
\textNibRi
SH
Natural treasure with unchanged traditions
2701
271D
2703 ✃✠
2710
2714
2719
2717 ✡
\textCross
2721 ✗ \textPencilRightUp
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPlusOutline
\textDavidStar
270F
2713 ✏
✓
✜ 270D
2708
\textXSolidBrush ✍
✈
\textPencilRight
\textCheckmark
WH
EN
\textWriti
UP
\textPlane
LA
LO
2720
26B9
271F ⚹✟
✆
✌ \texthexstar
2716
26FA ✖
⛺
⛅ 271C
\textCrossMaltese
2707
271B ✇
✛
✣
\textTent
\textCrossOutline
26C5 \textSunCload
2723
\textPlusCenterOpen
26D4
\textTape
26B2
2712
\textXSolidBold ⛔
⚲
✒ \textnoway
\textuncrf
\textJackStar
MA
\textNibSo
SE
2706
270C
2702
271E
2704 ✂
✄✞ 2711
2715
271A
2722 ✑
\textPhoneHandset
✕
\textPeace
✚
✢
\textScissorRight
\textNibRight
\textXSolid
\textPlus
\textCrossOpenShadow 270E
\textFourAsterisk
✙ ✐
✔ 2709 ✎
✉
OU
TE
VIC
\textPenci
BL
\textEnvel
Warm and generous personality 2721
26BD ⚽✡
✠ 2719
2717 ✁
⛆
2710
2714
2708
\textSoccerBall
✗ ✝
✜
✤ USV
\textPlusOutline
271D
\textDavidStar ✈ 26F0
2713
\textXSolidBrush Symbol
\textPencilRightUp
\textCheckmarkBold
\textCross
⛰
✓
\textPlane Macro(s) SH
WH
\textPUunc
\textMount
ST
\textCheck
2720
2707
270D
2703
271F ✍
✃✇
✟
✆
2701
2712
2716
271B ✒
\textTape
✖
✣ 271C
2724
\textWritingHand
✛
\textScissorRightBrokenTop \textPlusCenterOpen
\textCrossMaltese
26C6 \textRain \textJackStarBold
\textNibSolidRight
\textXSolidBold
\textCrossOutline
2723 \textJackStar 270F ✏
✌
SO
MA
TA
WR
\textPenci
LO
2706
2722
26C5 ⛅✢ \textPhoneHandset
271A ✚ 2711
2715 ✑
✕
✞
\textPlus
271E
\textFourAsterisk
2709
\textSunCload
✙ ✉
✝
270C
26B9 ⚹
\textNibRight
\textXSolid \textPeace
26FA ⛺
✔
\textEnvelope \textTent
OU
\texthexst
TE
Cultural sites of UNESCO World Heritage Sites 2721

2708
270E
2704 ✎
✄✡
✈
✠ 2719
2702 ✂
⛔
✓
\textPlane
✗ 271D
\textDavidStar
26D4
✜
✤
2713
2717 ✥
\textCheckmark2714
\textPlusOutline
\textXSolidBrush ⚲
\textCross
\textScissorRight
\textnoway
2725 \textClowerTips
26B2 ✐
FO
\textCheck
SU
\textuncrf
ST
2720
2707
2723 ⛆✇
✣ 271C
2724
\textTape
271B ✛ USV
2712
2716
\textJackStar Symbol
✒
✖
✟ Macro(s)
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textCrossMaltese 2710
\textJackStarBold
270D
26BD
271F ✌ ✍
⚽
\textNibSolidRight
\textXSolidBold
✁
\textCrossOutline
2701
AI
LO
\textPenci
WH
\textWriti
MA
\textSocce
TA
\textSciss
26C6
2722
2709
270F ✏✢
✉
✆
✡
\textRain
271A
2703 ✚
✃
⛰ 270C
\textFourAsterisk
26F0 ✔
\textEnvelope
✙ ✞
✦
\textPlus
271E
\textMountain
2726
\textPencilRight
✝ 2715 ✕
\textPeace \textPUunc
\textFourStar
FO
\textXSoli
RA
FO
Unique history
2706
2721
2708 ✈
✤ 2719
271D
USV ✥
\textPhoneHandset
2714
\textDavidStar
2725
\textPlane
✜
Symbol
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPlusOutline
\textCross
2713
2717
Macro(s)✓
✗
✠ 2711
\textClowerTips
270E
26C5 ✑
✎
⛅
\textCheckmark
\textXSolidBrush
EN
PE
\textNibRi
TE
\textPenci
ST
\textSunCl
AI
2724
26D4
2723 ⛔
✐✣
✌
271C
\textnoway
271B
2704 ✛
✄
⛺ \textPlusCenterOpen
2720
\textJackStarBold
270D
26B2
271F
\textJackStar
26FA ✍
⚲
✟
✧
\textTent
2727 2702
26B9 ✂
⚹
\textCrossMaltese
✖
\textWritingHand
\textuncrfemale
2716
\textCrossOutline
\textFourStarOpen \textSciss
\texthexst
HE
\textXSoli
NO
270C
2710
2707
2722
2709 ✇
✢
✉ 2715
271A
271E ✕
\textPeace
✚
\textPencilRightUp
✞
✦
\textTape
\textEnvelope
✝ \textXSolid
\textPlus
\textFourAsterisk
2726 \textFourStar
✔
✙ 2712
270F ✒
✏
⛆
FO
VIC
UP
\textNibSo
TA
\textPenci
Heritage of Latin origin mixed with other great cultures of the 26F0 2725 ⛰✥
✤ 271D ✜
✆
✁
2714
2719
270E
\textMountain ✡
\textCross
2721
\textClowerTips ✎
✠
✪
26C6
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPlusOutline
2703
2717 ✃
\textPUuncrfemale
\textDavidStar
⚽
✗ \textRainFO
EN
\textSciss
26BD \textSocce
FO
\textXSoli
2724
270D
2711
2708
2723 ✍
✑✈
✣
✌
271C
2706
26B2
2716
271B
271F ✟
✧
\textPlane USV
2720
\textJackStarBold
2701 ✖⚲
\textJackStar
2727 Symbol
\textuncrfemale
\textXSolidBold Macro(s)
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textCrossMaltese
\textPhoneHandset
272A
\textWritingHand
✛
\textNibRight \textFiveStarOpenCircled
\textCrossOutline
2713
\textFourStarOpen ✓
✐
MO
HE
WR
WH
\textCheck
AI
continent
270C
2726
26FA ⛺✦ \textPeace
271E ✞ 2715
26B9
271A
\textFourStar
\textTent✝ ✕
⚹
✚
✢ 2710
26D4
2722
270F ✏
✡ 26C5 ⛔
\textXSolid
\texthexstar
\textPlus✄
\textFourAsterisk
2704 ⛅
✙
\textPencilRight \textPenci
FO
\textnoway
VIC
\textSciss
\textSunCl
2725
270E
2712
2709 ✎
✒✥
✉
✤ 271D
2707 ✇
✂
\textClowerTips
2702 ✗
✠
✪
\textEnvelope
2717
271C ✫
\textCross 2719
\textPUuncrfemale
2721
\textTape \textDavidStar
\textScissorRight
272B
✜
\textNibSolidRight
\textXSolidBrush\textFiveStarCenterOpen
\textPlusCenterOpen ✔
BL
\textPlusO
TE
FO
2724
270D
2727 ✍
✁✧ 2720
272A
271F ✟ \textCrossMaltese
\textJackStarBold
26B2
2716
26BD
271B
2723
\textFourStarOpen ⚲
✣ 2714
\textFiveStarOpenCircled
\textWritingHand ✖
✛
⚽ 2711 ✑
⛰
\textuncrfemale
26F0
\textXSolidBold
\textSoccerBall
\textCrossOutline
✐ ✆
\textJackStar
⛆
LO
BL
\textCheck
EN
\textNibRi
HE
\textMount
WR
The stories of these places will surely fascinate you
2701
2726
270F
2713 ✏✦
✓
✌ 26B9
271E
2708 ⚹
✈
✃ 2710
✞
\textFourStar
2703 ✙ ✢
✬
\texthexstar 2706
271A
2722
\textPlane ✚
\textPencilRightUp
26C6
\textFourAsterisk
272C
\textPencilRight
✝
\textCheckmark
✡
\textPhone
\textRain
\textPlus
\textFiveStarOpenDotted
WH
UP
270C
2725
270E ✎✥
✪ 2721 ✫
\textPeace
2719
271D
\textClowerTips
272B ✠ \textPlusOutline
\textCross
\textDavidStar
\textFiveStarCenterOpen
2717
26C5
271C ✗
✜
⛅
✤ 2712
26FA ✕
\textPUuncrfemale
2715 ✒
⛺
\textXSolidBrush
\textPlusCenterOpen
BL
PE
CH
\textXSoli
VIC
\textNibSo
FO
LO
272A
2702
2727 ✂
✐
✔✧ 2720
26BD
271F
2709 ✉
✄ \textCrossMaltese
2724
2711
\textScissorRight
✟
⚽ 2723 ✑
✣
✭ 26D4
\textSoccerBall
\textEnvelope
\textFourStarOpen
2704 271B
\textCrossOutline ✇
\textJackStarBold
2707 ⛔
✛
\textNibRight
\textJackStar
272D \textTapeCIR
\textnoway
\textPlusT
\textFiveStarOutline BL
Deep spirituality of Romanians will impress you too
2710
2714
270D
2726
270F ✍
✏✦ 271A
271E
2722 ✚
\textPencilRightUp
✞
\textCheckmarkBold
✢
✬
\textWritingHand
26B9
\textFourStar
272C ⚹
\textPlus
\textFourAsterisk
\textPencilRight
✡ ✙
✝
⛆ 2716
2713 ✖
\texthexstar
\textCrossOpenShadow ✓
✁
WH
UP
HE
\textXSoli
WR
\textCheck
272B
2703 ✫
✃✪ 2721
26C5
2720 ✌
✆
2719
26C6
271D
2712 ✥
\textDavidStar
2725
\textFiveStarCenterOpen✒
✠
⛅ ✤
✮
\textSunCload
2701
\textPlusOutline
\textRain
\textCross
2708
26F0
271C
\textCrossMaltese ✈
\textClowerTips
⛰
✜
\textNibSolidRight
BL
\textSciss
PE
\textPlane
\textMount
OP
\textPlusC
272A
2711
2715
270E
2727 ✑
✎
✐✕
✧ 270C
271B
271F
2723 ✛
✟
\textXSolid
✣
✭ 2724
\textPeace
2706 272E
\textNibRight
26BD ⚽
\textJackStar
\textFourStarOpen
272D
\textJackStarBold
\textPhoneHandset
\textFiveStarOutlineHeav
2717
\textFiveStarOutline ✗
\textSoccerBall
\textCrossOutline ✔
LO
CIR
WH
MU
\textXSoli
LO
Unique places and traditions
2710
272C
2704 ✄✬ \textPencilRightUp
2722 ✢
✡
⛆ 271A
26D4
271E ✚
✞
⛔
✦ 2714
2702
\textPlus
\textFourAsterisk
2726
2713
\textScissorHollowRight✓
✥ ✂
\textnoway
\textFourStar
2709
26FA ⛺
✝
\textCheckmark \textCheck
WH
\textSciss
✉ UP
\textEnvel
\textTent
272B
2712
2716
270F ✫
✒
✏✖
✪
26C6
2721
270D
271C
2720 ✍
✇
✜
✮ 2725
272F
\textNibSolidRight
✠
\textXSolidBold
✤
\textPencilRight
26C5 ✯
\textRain
\textDavidStar
⛅ 271D
\textWritingHand
2707 \textTape \textClowerTips
\textFiveStarConvex
✙
\textSunCload
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textCrossMaltese
BL
\textCross
WH
OP
272A
2711
272D ✑
✭✆
2724
\textNibRight
2723 ✣ \textJackStarBold
272E 271B
26F0
271F
\textJackStar
2727
\textFiveStarOutline ✔
2719
\textFiveStarOutlineHeavy
✛
✟
⛰
✧ 2715
2703 ✕
✃
\textMountain
\textCrossOutline
✌
✁
\textFourStarOpen
270C
BL
HE
\textPlusO
PE
\textXSoli
CIR
\textSciss
WH
\textPeace
Romanian way of life 2706
272C
2713
2717 ✐
✫✬
✓
✗ 26D4
2722
270E ✢
⛔
✎
✈✝
2714
\textPhoneHandset
2726
2708
\textCheckmark
✡ ✦
✰
\textnoway
\textPlane
2730
\textXSolidBrush
✥ ⛆
2701
271E
\textFourAsterisk ✞
\textCheckmarkBold
\textFourStar
\textPencilRightDown \textSciss
\textFiveStarShadow
OU
\textCross
TE
BL
2710
272B
2712 ✒✮
271D
2721
2725 ✯
\textPencilRightUp
26C6
\textCross
\textDavidStar
\textClowerTips
272F
\textNibSolidRight
✤ 271C
26FA
2720 ✜
✠
⛺
✪
\textRain
271A
\textFiveStarConvex
2716
2704 ✚
✖
✄ \textPlus
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textTent
\textCrossMaltese
CH
BA
UP
\textXSoli
OP
\textSciss
BL
272E
2707
272D ✭
✔✇
✙
2724
\textTape
26F0
2723
270F ✣
⛰
✏
✉ \textJackStarBold
272A
2715
2727 ✕
✧
✱
\textMountain
\textJackStar 270D
2702
271F
\textPencilRight
\textFiveStarOutline
2709 \textEnvelope
2731 ✍
✂
✟
\textXSolid
\textFourStarOpen
\textAsteriskBold \textWriti
\textSciss
HE
\textCross
TA
On the paths of the Carpathian Mountains 2714
2719
2711
272C
2713 ✑✬
✓ 271E
2722
2726 ✞
\textCheckmarkBold
✢
\textPlusOutline
✦
✰
\textNibRight
26D4
\textCheckmark
✥ ⛔
\textFourStar
2730 ✝
✁
✡ 271B
\textFiveStarShadow
2717 ✛
\textnoway
\textFourAsterisk ✗
✆
OU
HE
OU
\textPlusT
WH
\textXSoli
272F
2708 ✯
✈
✮ 2725
\textPlane
26FA
2724 ✤
⛺
✐
✌
271D
2701
2721
2716 ✫
✪
✲
\textTent
2706
\textClowerTips
272B
\textFiveStarConvex ✖ \textCross
\textDavidStar
270E
2703
2720
\textJackStarBold ✎
✃
✠
\textXSolidBold
BL
\textPhone
CH
\textPenci
\textSciss
PIN
\textCross
272E
2715
271A
2712
272D ✒
✭
✔✕
✚ 2710
271F
2723
2727 ✟
\textXSolid
✣
\textPlus
✧
✱ 272A
2732
\textNibSolidRight
26F0 ⛰
\textJackStar \textFiveStarOpenCircled
\textPencilRightUp
270C \textPeace \textAsteriskCenterOpen
\textFourStarOpen
2731 271C
\textAsteriskBold ✜
\textMountain
\textCrossOutline ✙
AI
HE
MU
HE
\textPlusC
BL
Enjoy the natural parks, which will rouse you to adventure and 2709 2714
2730 ✰✉ \textCheckmarkBold
2726 ✦ 271E
2702
2722 ✞
✂
✢
✬
\textFourStar
272C
\textFiveStarShadow
✁ 2717
\textEnvelope
✥ ✗
✫
2719
2707
270F ✇
✏
✄ \textPlusO
\textTape
\textScissorRight
\textFourAsterisk
✡
\textXSolidBrush
2704
OU
HE
\textPenci
\textSciss
272F
2716
271B
2713 ✯
✖
✛
✓
✮
2701
2725
2711
2720
2724 ✑
✍
✠
✲ 272B
2734
\textXSolidBold
✤
✪
\textCheckmark
26FA ✴
\textNibRight
\textFiveStarConvex
270D ⛺ 2721
\textClowerTips
\textWritingHand\textFiveStarCenterOpen
\textEightStarTaper
\textTent
\textCrossMaltese
\textJackStarBold ✝
SH
\textDavid
EN
PIN
activity 272E
2715
2731 ✕
✱
✌
272A
\textXSolid
2727 ✧ \textFiveStarOpenCircled
2732 271F
2703
2723 ✭ 271D
\textAsteriskCenterOpen
✟
✃
✣ 271A
2708 ✚
✈
\textCrossOutline \textPlus
\textJackStar
\textFourStarOpen
272D
\textAsteriskBold ✙ ✐
✆
HE
OP
\textCross
CH
HE
\textPlane
MU
270C
2730
2717
271C ✰
✔✗
✜ 2702
2726
2712 ✂
\textPeace
✦
✒
✎
✡
2719 ✬
✵
\textFourStar
272C 2710
\textScissorRight
2722 ✢
\textPlusOutline
2706 \textPenci
\textPhone
\textNibSolidRight
\textFiveStarShadow
270E \textPencilRightDown
2735
\textXSolidBrush
✥
\textPlusCenterOpen
✫ ✁ \textEightStarConvex
HE
\textFourA
VIC
2714
272F
2716 ✯
✖
✲ 272B ✴
\textCheckmarkBold
2721
2725 2701
\textXSolidBold
✪ \textDavidStar
\textClowerTips
\textFiveStarConvex
2734 271E
\textEightStarTaper
2720
2704
2724 ✠
✄
✤
✮ 271B
2709 ✞
✛
✉
\textCrossMaltese
\textJackStarBold
SH
BA
\textCross
HE
\textPlusT
PIN
\textEnvel
HE
Danube Delta is a delightful 2732
270D
2731 ✍✱
✙
✝
272A
2703
2727
2713 ✓
✏ \textFiveStarOpenCircled
272E
✃ 271A
\textWritingHand
✧ ✚
✭ 2711
\textPlus
2707 ✑
✇
✣
272D
\textCheckmark
\textAsteriskBold
270F 2723
\textFourStarOpen
\textPencilRight \textNibRi
\textTape
\textFiveStarOutline OP
\textJackS
WR
2719
271D
2715
2730
2717 ✰✕
✗ 2722
2726
272C ✢
\textPlusOutline
✦
\textCross
✬
✵
\textXSolid 2702 ✂
\textFiveStarShadow
2735 271F
\textEightStarConvex
\textXSolidBrush
✫ ✡
✆
✥ 271C ✟
\textScissorRight
\textFourAsterisk
\textFourStar ✜
✌
HE
OU
LA
\textCross
MU
\textPlusC
2734
270E ✎✴
✲ 272B
2704
272A ✄
✔
✐
2721
2706
2725
271B
✪ ✯
✮ 270C
\textDavidStar
\textPhoneHandset
\textClowerTips
272F
\textEightStarTaper ✛ 2712
2724
\textFiveStarOpenCircled ✒
✈
\textFiveStarConvex
✤
SH
\textPeace
BA
\textNibSo
2708 \textPlane
EIG
\textJackS
Moldavia and Bukovina’s monasteries comfort your eyes and calm2731 2732
271A
271E
2716 ✚
✞
✖
✱
✙
2714 ✣
\textPlus
✧ 272E
\textXSolidBold
2723
2727
272D 2703
\textJackStar \textFiveStarOutlineHeav
\textCheckmarkBold
2710 \textPencilRightUp
✭ ✃
\textAsteriskBold 2720 ✠
\textFourStarOpen ✝
LO
OP
HE
SH
\textCross
HE
2719
2735
270F ✏✵ \textPlusOutline
272C ✬ 2722
2707
2726 ✢
✇
✦
✰ 271D
270D
2730
✆ 271C
\textPencilRight
✫ ✜
✯ 2713
2709 ✍
\textFourAsterisk
\textTape
\textFourStar
✓
✉
\textFiveStarShadow
✥
HE
\textWriti
OU
\textCheck
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textEnvel
your soul 2734
271B
271F
2717 ✴
✛
✟
✗
✲
2706
272B
2715 ✕
✑
✤ \textPhoneHandset
272F
\textXSolid
\textEightStarTaper
2711 \textNibRight
✪
\textCrossOutline
✮
\textXSolidBrush
2724
272A 2704 ✄ 2725
\textFiveStarConvex
✡
\textJackStarBold
EIG
\textClowe
PE
EIG
2732
271A
✐✚ 272E
\textPlus
272D ✭ \textFiveStarOutlineHeavy
2723
2708
2727
2731 ✣
✈
✧
✱
✝
2721
271E
270E ✞
✎
\textJackStar
\textPlane
\textFourStarOpen
\textFiveStarOutline ✔
✌
\textAsteriskBold
OP
OU
\textDavid
BA
\textCross
OP
\textPenci
HE
2710
2735
271C
2720 ✵
✜
✠
✙ 2707
272C
2716
2712 ✇
✬
✖
✒
✥
271D
\textPencilRightUp ✰
\textTape 2714
2726
2730
\textXSolidBold
\textEightStarConvex ✦
\textCross
270C \textCheck
\textPeace
\textFourS
\textFiveStarShadow
\textNibSolidRight
\textPlusCenterOpen
✫
\textCrossMaltese
✯ ✆
UP
Maramures overwhelms you with its magnificent locations, traditions 2719
2734
271B ✴
✛ \textPlusOutline
2725
272B
272F 2706
\textClowerTips
\textFiveStarConvex
\textEightStarTaper
✮ 2724
2709
272A ✤
✉
✪
✲ 2722
271F
270F ✢
\textPhoneHandset
✟
✏
\textJackStarBold
\textEnvelope
EIG
HE
MA
\textFourA
OU
\textCross
EIG
\textPenci
OP
2711 ✑✝
✡
272E
2708
272D
2717
2713 ✈
✭
✗
✓ \textFiveStarOutlineHeavy
2732
271E
\textNibRight ✞
✱
\textPlane 2715
2727
2731
\textXSolidBrush
\textCheckmark ✕
✍
✧
\textAsteriskBold \textXSoli
270D \textWriti
\textFourS
WH
and people
271D
2721
271A
2735
271C ✚
✵
✜ 2730 ✦
\textCross
✬
\textDavidStar
✰
\textPlus
2726
272C 2707 ✇
\textFourStar \textTape
\textFiveStarShadow
\textPlusCenterOpen
✯ ✥
✌
✫ 2723
2720 ✣
✠
✐
LA
ST
\textJackS
HE
\textCross
2712 ✒ 272F
2709
272E ✉
✮
✙
✔
2725
270C
272B
271F
\textNibSolidRight ✴
✲
\textEnvelope
2710
\textClowerTips
\textPeace
\textFiveStarConvex
2734 ✟ 2716
272A
\textFiveStarOutlineHeavy✖
✎
✪ 46
\textEightStarTaper
\textCrossOutline
270E
EIG
\textPenci
HE
\textXSoli
\textPenci
\textFiveS
271E
2722
271B ✞
✢
✛
✝
2719
2714 ✧ 2732
\textPlusOutline
✭
\textFourAsterisk
✱
2727
272D
2731 2708 ✈ \textAsteriskCenterOpen
\textCheckmarkBold
\textAsteriskBold
2724 ✤
\textPlane
\textFourStarOpen
\textFiveStarOutline ✡
BL
SH
FO
\textJackS
OP
Banat and Oltenia’s caves and rapids flush you with adrenaline 2713
271D
✓ \textCross
2730 ✰
✌ 2726
270D
272C ✦
✍
✬
✵ 2721
2711
\textFiveStarShadow
2735
2720
\textCheckmark
✯ ✠
✴ 270F ✑
\textFourStar
\textWritingHand
✗ \textDavid
\textNibRi
2717 ✏
✫
\textCrossMaltese
LA
\textXSoli
\textPenci
271F
2723
271C ✟
✣
✜ 270C
272F
271A
2715 ✚
✕
✪ \textPeace
2734
\textPlus
\textXSolid
\textCrossOutline
✮
\textJackStar
✲
\textPlusCenterOpen
272A
272E 2709 ✉ 272B
\textFiveStarConvex
✥
\textEnvelope
\textFiveStarOutlineHeavy 46 \textFiveS
\textEightStarTaper CH
271E
✔✞ 2732
2731 ✱ \textAsteriskCenterOpen
2727
270E
272D ✧
✎
✭ 2725
2722
2712 ✢
✒
\textFourStarOpen
OU
FO
\textClowe
HE
\textFourA
\textNibSo
\textAsteriskBold
✡ ✙
✐ SH
Fortified churches and strongholds in Transylvania take you back to 2714
2720
2724 ✠
✤
✝ 270D
2730
271B
2716 ✍
✰
✛
✖
✫
2721
\textCheckmarkBold ✵ 2719
\textWritingHand
272C
\textFiveStarShadow
2735
\textCrossMaltese
✯
\textJackStarBold
✴ ✌ ✬
\textDavidStar
2710 \textPlusO
\textPenci
\textFiveS
\textXSolidBold HE
271D
271F ✟ \textCross
272B
272F
2734 270C
\textEightStarTaper
\textCrossOutline
✲ 272A
270F
272E ✪
✏
✮ 2726
2723
2713 ✦
\textPeace
\textFiveStarConvex ✣
✓ 46
\textPencilRight
MA
HE
\textFourS
LA
\textJackS
\textCheck
\textFiveStarOutlineHeav OU
the Middle Ages 2715 ✕
✡
✥
2732
270E
2731
271C
2717 ✎
\textXSolid
✱
✜
✗ \textAsteriskCenterOpen
2722 ✢ 271A
2711
272D
\textAsteriskBold
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textXSolidBrush ✚
✑
✭
\textFourAsterisk \textPlus
\textNibRi
\textFiveS
MU
2721
2725
271E
2720 ✞
✠ ✬
\textDavidStar
✰
\textClowerTips
✵
272C
2730
2735 270D
\textCrossMaltese
✴ 272B
2710
272F
✍
✫
✐
✯ 2727
2724
2714 ✧
\textWritingHand
\textFiveStarShadow
\textEightStarConvex ✤
✔
ST
FO
\textFourS
SH
\textJackS
\textCheck
\textPencilRightUp
\textFiveStarConvex MA
2716 ✖
✢
✦
2734
270F
2732
271D
2719 ✏
✲
✙✝ \textEightStarTaper
2723
\textXSolidBold ✣ 271B
2712
\textPencilRight
272E
\textCross
\textPlusOutline ✛
✒
✮
\textJackStar \textPlusT
\textNibSo
\textFiveS
HE
Exceeding your imagination, even if you’ve read huge volumes of2721 2722
2726
271F ✟ 272D
✡ ✭
\textFourAsterisk
✱
\textFourStar
\textCrossOutline
2731 270E
\textDavidStar
✵ 272C
2711
2730
✎
✬
✑
✰ 272A
2725
2715 ✪
\textAsteriskBold ✥
✕
FO
BL
\textFiveS
OU
\textClowe
\textXSoli
\textNibRight
\textFiveStarShadow ST
2717 ✗
✣
✧
2735
2710
2734
271E
271A ✐
✴
✞
✚ \textEightStarConvex
2724
\textXSolidBrush ✤ 271C
2713
\textPencilRightUp
272F
\textEightStarTaper
\textPlus ✜
✓
✯
\textJackStarBold \textPlusC
\textCheck
\textFiveS
BA
their history 2723
2727
2720
2722 ✠ 272E
✢ ✮
\textJackStar
✲ 270F
\textFourStarOpen
\textCrossMaltese
2732
\textFourAsterisk
272D
2712
2731
✏
✭
✒
✱ 2716272B
2726 ✫
\textPencilRight
\textAsteriskCenterOpen ✦
✖
\textNibSolidRight
\textAsteriskBold
FO
WH
\textFiveS
MA
\textFourS
\textXSoli
\textFiveStarOutline FO
2719 ✙
✤
✪ 2711
2735
271F
271B ✑
✟
✛ 2725
\textPlusOutline
✵ ✥
\textNibRight 271D
2714
2730
\textCrossOutline
\textPlusThinCenterOpen ✝
✔
✰
\textClowerTips \textCross
\textCheck
\textFiveS
OU
Pay attention to traditions and popular fairs, spa resorts
2724
272A
2721
2723 ✡
✣ ✯
\textJackStarBold
✴
\textDavidStar
272F
2734 2710
\textJackStar
272E
2713
2732
✐
✮
✓
✲ 2717272C
2727 ✬
\textPencilRightUp
\textFiveStarConvex
\textEightStarTaper ✧
✗
\textCheckmark
HE
CIR
\textFiveS
ST
\textFourS
\textXSoli
\textAsteriskCenterOpen FO
271A
✫✚
✥ 2712
2720
271C ✒
\textPlus
✠
✜ 2726 ✦ 271E
\textNibSolidRight
2731
\textCrossMaltese
\textPlusCenterOpen ✞
✕
✱
\textFourStar
2715 \textCross
\textXSoli
\textAster
HE
2725
272B
2722
2724 ✢ 2735
✤ ✰
\textClowerTips
✵ 2711
\textFourAsterisk
2730
\textJackStarBold
272F
2714
2734
✑
✯
✔
✴ 2719272D
272A ✭
\textNibRight
\textFiveStarShadow
\textEightStarConvex ✪
✙
\textCheckmarkBold
FO
OP
\textFiveS
FO
\textPlusO
\textFiveStarConvex
\textEightStarTaper HE
Cultural heritage from the great cities and historical areas 271B ✛
✦
✬ 2713
2721
271D ✓
✡✝ 2727
\textPlusThinCenterOpen✧
\textCheckmark
\textDavidStar
\textCross 271F
2716
2732 ✟
✖
✲
\textFourStarOpen \textCross
\textXSoli
\textAster
OP
2726
272C
2723
2725 ✣ 2731\textClowerTips
✥ ✱ 2712
\textFourStar
\textJackStar
2730
2715
2735
✒
✰
✕ 271A
✵ 272B ✮
\textNibSolidRight
\textAsteriskBold
272E ✫
✚
\textXSolid
BL
\textFiveS
\textPlus
\textFiveStarShadow
FO
FO
271C
✭✜
✧ 2714
2722
271E ✔
✢
✞ 272A
\textPlusCenterOpen ✪ 2720
\textCheckmarkBold
2734
\textFourAsterisk
\textCrossOpenShadow ✠
✗
✴ \textCross
2717 \textXSoli
\textEight
HE
Amazed by the original and authentic destination 2727
272D
2724
2726 ✤ 2732\textFourStar
✦ ✲ 2713
\textFourStarOpen
\textJackStarBold
2731
2716
✓
✱ 271B
✖ 272F
272C ✯
\textCheckmark
✬
✛
\textAsteriskBold
\textXSolidBold
WH
OU
\textFiveS
HE
\textPlusT
BL
271D ✝
✪
✮ 2715
2723
271F ✕
\textCross
✣
✟ 272B ✫
\textXSolid
\textJackStar 2721
2735
\textCrossOutline ✡
✙
✵ \textDavid
2719 \textPlusO
\textEight
LA
Number and percentage of references per category (type of intrinsic
272A
272E
2725
2727 ✥
✧ ✴
\textClowerTips
2734 2714
\textFourStarOpen
2732
2717
✔
✲
✗ 2730
272D
271C ✰
\textCheckmarkBold
\textEightStarTaper ✭
✜
CIR
HE
\textFiveS
FO
\textPlusC
\textXSolidBrush WH
271E 8 ✫✞
✯
(25.8%)2724
2720 9 ✖
(29%)272C
2716 ✤
✠ ✬ 2722
\textXSolidBold
\textJackStarBold
\textCrossMaltese
8 (25.8%) 6 ✢
✚
(19.3%) \textFourA
271A \textPlusSH
values)
272B
272F
2726
272A ✦
✪ ✵
\textFiveStarConvex
\textFourStar
2735 2715
2734
2719
✕
✴
✙ 2731
272E
271D ✱
\textXSolid
\textEightStarConvex ✮
✝
OP
PIN
\textAster
BL
\textFiveS
\textCross
\textEightStarTaper
\textPlusOutline CIR
271F
✰✟
✬ 2717
2725
2721 ✗
✥
✡ 272D
\textCrossOutline ✭ 2723
271B
\textXSolidBrush
\textClowerTips
\textDavidStar ✣
✛ \textJackS
\textPlusT
OU
272C
2730
2727
272B ✫✧ \textFiveStarOpenDotted
\textFiveStarShadow
\textFourStarOpen
2716
2735
271A
✖
✵
✚ 272F
271E ✲
\textXSolidBold
2732 ✯
✞
BL
SH
\textAster
WH
\textFiveS
\textCross
\textPlus OP
Source: Author’s elaboration from
2720 webQDA
✭✠
✱
outputs. ✙ 272E
\textCrossMaltese
2719
2726
2722 ✦
✢ ✮
\textFourStar 2724
271C
\textPlusOutline
\textFourAsterisk ✤
✜ \textJackS
\textPlusC
MA
272D
2731
272A
272C ✪
✬ \textFiveStarOutline
\textAsteriskBold
271B
✗
2717
✛ 2734
2730
271F ✴
\textXSolidBrush
✰
✟
OU
HE
\textEight
CIR
\textFiveS
\textCross
\textPlusThinCenterOpen BL
2721 ✡
✮
✲ 271A
2727
2723 ✚
✧
✣ 272F
\textDavidStar ✯
\textPlus 2725
271D
\textFourStarOpen
\textJackStar ✥
✝ \textClowe
\textFiveStarConvex
\textCross
ST
272E
2732
272B
272D ✫
✭ \textFiveStarCenterOpen
2719
271C
✙
✜ 2735
2731
2720 ✵
\textPlusOutline
✱
✠
HE
OP
\textEight
\textAster
\textCross
\textPlusCenterOpen OU
2722 ✢
✯
✴ 271B
272A
2724 ✛
✪
✤ 2730
\textFourAsterisk ✰ 2726
271E
\textJackStarBold ✦
✞ \textFourS
\textFiveStarShadow
\textCross
FO
272F
2734
272C
272E ✬
✮ \textFiveStarConvex
\textEightStarTaper
271A ✚
271D ✝ \textPlus
2732
2721 ✲
✡
\textCross
PIN
EIG
BL
\textAster
\textDavid
HE
2723 ✰✣
✵ 271C
272B
2725 ✜
✫
✥ 2731
\textJackStar ✱ 2727
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textClowerTips ✧
✟
\textAsteriskBold
271F \textFourS
\textCross
FO
2730
2735
272D
272F ✭✯ \textFiveStarShadow
271B
\textFiveStarConvex
271E
✛
✞ \textPlusThinCenterOpen
2734
2722 ✴
✢
SH
EIG
OU
\textEight
\textFourA
\textCrossOpenShadow PIN
2724 ✤
✱ 271D
272C
2726 ✬
✦✝ 2732
\textJackStarBold ✲
\textCross 272A
2720
\textFourStar ✪
✠ \textFiveS
\textCross
HE
2731
272E
2730 ✰✮ \textAsteriskBold
\textFiveStarShadow
271F
✜
271C
✟ \textPlusCenterOpen
2735
2723 ✵
✣
\textCrossOutline
HE
HE
\textEight
\textJackS
SH
2725 ✥
✲ 271E
272D
2727 ✞
✭
✧ 2734
\textClowerTips ✴ 272B
2721
\textFourStarOpen ✫
✡ \textFiveS
\textEightStarTaper
\textDavid
FO
2732
272F
2731 ✯
✱ \textAsteriskCenterOpen
\textFiveStarConvex
271D
\textAsteriskBold
2720
✝
✠ \textCross
2724 ✤
\textCrossMaltese
OP
PIN
\textJackS
HE
2726 ✦
✴ 271F
272E
272A ✟
✮
✪ 2735
\textFourStar ✵ 272C
2722
\textCrossOutline
\textFiveStarOpenCircled ✬
✢ \textFiveS
\textFourA
BL
2734
2730
2732 ✰✲ \textEightStarTaper
\textFiveStarShadow
271E
2721
✞
✡ 2725 ✥
\textDavidStar46
\textCrossOpenShadow EIG
SH
\textClowe
OP
2727 ✧
✵ 2720
272F
272B ✠
\textFourStarOpen
✯
✫ 272D
2723
\textCrossMaltese
\textFiveStarConvex
\textFiveStarCenterOpen ✭
✣ \textFiveS
\textJackS
WH
2735
2731
2734 ✱
✴ \textEightStarConvex
\textAsteriskBold
271F
\textEightStarTaper
2722
✟
✢ \textCrossOutline
2726 ✦
\textFourAsterisk
EIG
HE
\textFourS
EIG
272A ✪ 2721
2730
272C ✡
✰
✬ \textDavidStar272E
2724
\textFiveStarShadow
\textFiveStarOpenDotted ✮
✤ \textFiveS
\textJackS
CIR
2732
2735 ✲
✵ \textAsteriskCenterOpen
2720
2723
✠
✣ \textCrossMaltese
2727 ✧
\textJackStar
OP
\textFourS
EIG
272B ✫ 2722 ✢
2731 ✭ 272F
2725
✱ 2721\textFourAsterisk
\textAsteriskBold ✯
✥ \textFiveS
\textClowe
OP
2734 ✴ 272D \textFiveStarOutline
\textEightStarTaper
2724
✡
✤ 272A \textDavidStar
✪
\textJackStarBold
EIG
\textFiveS
2703
26BD
2706
2701
26C6 ✃
✆
⚽
✁
⛆ \textScissorRightBrokenTop
\textPUuncrfemale
\textSoccerBall
\textPhoneHandset
\textRain
26F0
26FA ⛰
⛺ \textMountain
\textTent
26B9
2704
26C5
2707
2702
26D4
⚹
✄
✇
⛅
✂
⛔ \texthexstarUSV
\textSunCload
\textTape 26B2 Symbol
\textScissorRight
\textnoway ⚲ Macro(s)
\textuncrfem
26FA
2701 ⛺
✁ \textTent
\textScissorRightBrokenBottom \textPUuncrf
26BD
2706
26C6
2708
2703
26F0 ✆
⚽
✈
⛆
✃
⛰ \textSoccerBall
\textPhoneHandset
\textRain
\textPlane
\textMountain
2701
2702 Symbol
USV ✁
✂ 26B2
\textScissorRight
Macro(s) 26B9
⚲
⚹ \textuncrfem
\texthexstar
26C5
2707
26D4
2709
2704
26FA ✇
⛅
✉
⛔
✄
⛺ \textSunCload
\textTape
\textnoway
\textEnvelope
\textTent \textPUuncrf
2702
2703 ✂
✃ \textScissorRight
26BD ⚽ \textSoccerB
26C6
2708
26F0
270C
2706
26B2
2701 ✈
⛆
✌
⛰
✆
⚲
✁ \textRain
\textPlane
\textMountain
\textPeace 26B9
\textPhoneHandset
\textuncrfemale ⚹
\textScissorRightBrokenBottom \texthexstar
Sustainability 2021, 13, 67 USV
2704 Symbol
2703 ✃
✄ Macro(s)
26C5 ⛅ 11 of 23
\textSunCloa
26D4
2709
26FA
270D
2707
2702 ✉
⛔
✍
⛺
✇
✂ \textnoway
\textEnvelope
\textPUuncrfemale
\textTent
\textWritingHand
\textTape 26BD
\textScissorRight ⚽ \textSoccerB
2704
2706 ✄
✆ \textScissorHollowRight
\textPhoneHandset
26C6 ⛆ \textRain
26B9
26F0
270C
26B2
2701
270E
2708
2703
⚹
✌
⛰
⚲
✁
✎
✈
✃ \texthexstar
\textMountain
\textPeace
\textuncrfemale
\textPlane 26C5 ⛅
\textScissorRightBrokenTop \textSunCloa
USV
2707 Symbol
2706 ✆
✇ Macro(s)
\textPhoneHandset
\textTape 26D4 ⛔ \textnoway
26BD
26FA
270D
2702
270F
2709
2704 ✍
⚽
⛺
✂
✏
✉
✄
\textPUuncrfemale
\textSoccerBall
\textTent
\textWritingHand
\textScissorRight
\textPencilRight
\textEnvelope26C6 ⛆
\textScissorHollowRight \textRain
2707
2708
Table 2. Tree coding of visual corpus (photos) from Romania’s official Facebook page according to Holbrook’s ✇
✈
intrinsic⛅
26B9 ⚹
⚲values.\textTape
\textPlane
\texthexstar 26F0 ⛰ \textMountai
26B2
26C5
2701
270E
2703
2710
270C
2706
✁
✎
✃
✐
✌
✆ \textuncrfemale
\textSunCload
\textPeace 26D4
\textPhoneHandset ⛔
\textPencilRightUp \textnoway
2708
2709
26BD ✈
✉
⚽ \textPlane
\textEnvelope
\textPUuncrfemale
\textSoccerBall
26FA ⛺ \textTent
26C6
2702
270F
2704
2711 ✂
✏
⛆
✄
✑
✍
✇ \textRain
\textScissorRight
\textPencilRight ⛰
\textNibRight26F0
Main Themes Sub-Themes Examples of Photo’s Descriptions (N = 27) ID Photo Theme (%) 270D
2707
Play 26B9
2709
270C ✉
Aesthetics
✌
⚹ \textWritingHand
\textTape
Ethics
\textEnvelope
\textPeace
\texthexstar Spirituality \textMountai
26C5
26D4
2703
2710 ⛅
✃
✐
⛔
✆
✒ \textSunCload2701
\textnoway ✁
\textPencilRightUp \textScissor
2706
2712
270E
2708
270C
270D
26BD
✎
✈
✌
✍
⚽
\textPhoneHandset
\textNibSolidRight
\textPlane
\textPeace
26FA
\textWritingHand
\textSoccerBall
⛺ \textTent
Beautiful landscape with mountains, flowers, 26C6
26F0
2704
2711 ⛆
✄
✑
⛰
✇
✓ \textRain
\textMountain2702 ✂
\textNibRight ✁ \textScissor
Lakes and 1;2 2707
2713
270F
2709
270D
270E
✏
✉
✍
✎
⛅
\textTape
\textCheckmark
2701
\textPencilRight
\textEnvelope
\textWritingHand
\textScissor
green vegetation, magnificent sky 26C5
26D4
26FA
2706
2712 ⛔
✆
✒
⛺ \textSunCload
\textnoway 2703
\textTent
\textPhoneHandset
\textNibSolidRight ✃ \textScissor
Mountains 2708
2714
2710
270C ✈
✔
✐
✌
✎ \textPlane
\textCheckmarkBold
2702
\textPencilRightUp
\textPeace ✂ \textScissor
A clear waterfall from the mountain within 270E
270F
26C6
26F0
2701
2707
2713
✏
⛆
⛰
✁
✇
✓
\textPencilRight
\textRain
\textMountain2704 ✄
\textTape
\textCheckmark \textScissor
13 2709
2715
2711
270D ✉
✕
✑
✍
✏ \textEnvelope
\textXSolid
\textNibRight2703
\textWritingHand ✃ \textScissor
colorful flowers and a green vegetation
22.2%
270F
2710
26D4
26FA
2702
2708
2714
✐
⛔
⛺
✂
✈
✔
\textPencilRight
\textPencilRightUp
\textnoway
\textTent 2706
\textScissorRight
\textPlane
\textCheckmarkBold ✆ \textPhoneHa
Natural Resources 270C
2716
2712
270E ✌
✖
✒
✎
✐ \textPeace
\textXSolidBold
2704
\textNibSolidRight
\textPencilRightDown ✄ \textScissor
Birds beautiful flying in the middle of a green 2710
2711
26F0
2701
2703
2709
2715
✑
⛰
✁
✃
✉
✕
\textPencilRightUp
\textNibRight
\textMountain ✇
2707
\textEnvelope
\textXSolid \textTape
4 270D
2717
2713
270F ✍
✗
✓
✏
✑ \textWritingHand
\textXSolidBrush
2706
\textCheckmark
\textPencilRight ✆ \textPhoneHa
Variety of flora & landscape 2711
2712
26FA
2702
2704
270C
2716
✒
⛺
✂
✄
✌
✖
\textNibRight
\textNibSolidRight
\textTent
\textScissorRight
2708
\textPeace
\textXSolidBold ✈ \textPlane
270E
2719
2714
2710 ✎
✙
✔
✐
✒ \textPencilRightDown
\textPlusOutline
2707
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPencilRightUp ✇ \textTape
Fauna Beautiful flowers in nature 8 2712
2713
2701
2703
2706
270D
2717
✓
✁
✃
✆
✍
✗
\textNibSolidRight
\textCheckmark
✉
2709
\textPhoneHandset
\textWritingHand
\textXSolidBrush \textEnvelop
270F
271A
2715
2711 ✏
✚
✕
✑
✓ \textPencilRight
\textPlus
\textXSolid
\textNibRight2708 ✈ \textPlane
flower in winter season surrounded by snow 23 2713
2714
2702
2704
2707
270E
2719
✔
✂
✄
✇
✎
✙
\textCheckmark
\textCheckmarkBold
\textScissorRight
\textTape 270C
\textPlusOutline ✌ \textPeace
2710
271B
2716
2712 ✐
✛
✖
✒
✔ \textPencilRightUp
2709
\textXSolidBold
\textNibSolidRight ✉ \textEnvelop
Ocean waves with a bird flying through the 2714
2715
2703
2706
2708
270F
271A
✕
✃
✆
✈
✏
✚
\textCheckmarkBold
\textXSolid
\textPhoneHandset
\textPlane 270D
\textPencilRight
\textPlus ✍ \textWriting
10 2711
271C
2717
2713 ✑
✜
✗
✓
✕ \textNibRight
\textPlusCenterOpen
270C
\textXSolidBrush
\textCheckmark ✌ \textPeace
waves 2715
2716
2704
2707
2709
2710
271B
✖
✄
✇
✉
✐
✛
\textXSolid
\textXSolidBold
\textTape
\textEnvelope270E
\textPencilRightUp
\textPlusThinCenterOpen✎ \textPencilR
2712
271D
2719
2714 ✒
✝
✙
✔
✖ \textNibSolidRight
\textCross 270D
\textPlusOutline
\textCheckmarkBold ✍ \textWriting
Trees with colorful red leaves reflected in a lake 2716
2717
2706
2708
270C
2711
271C
✗
✆
✈
✌
✑
✜
\textXSolidBold
\textXSolidBrush
\textPhoneHandset
\textPlane 270F
\textPeace
\textNibRight
\textPlusCenterOpen ✏ \textPencilR
6 2713
271E
271A
2715 ✓
✞
✚
✕
✗ \textCheckmark
\textPlus
\textXSolid 270E ✎ \textPencilR
as a mirror image 2717
2719
2707
2709
270D
2712
271D
✙
✇
✉
✍
✒
✝
\textXSolidBrush
\textPlusOutline
\textTape
\textEnvelope2710
\textWritingHand
\textNibSolidRight
\textCross ✐ \textPencilR
2714
271F
271B
2716 ✔
✟
✛
✖
✙ \textCheckmarkBold
\textCrossOutline
270F
\textXSolidBold ✏ \textPencilR
Scenery beauty Trees with colorful red leaves surro unded by a
9
2719
271A
2708
270C
270E
2713
271E
✚
✈
✌
✎
✓
✞
\textPlusOutline
\textPlus
\textPlane
\textPeace 2711
\textCheckmark
\textCrossOpenShadow ✑ \textNibRigh
mountain landscape 2715
2720
271C
2717 ✕
✠
✜
✗
✚ \textXSolid
\textCrossMaltese
2710
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textXSolidBrush ✐ \textPencilR
271A
271B
2709
270D
270F
2714
271F
✛
✉
✍
✏
✔
✟
\textPlus
\textEnvelope
\textWritingHand
2712
\textPencilRight
\textCheckmarkBold
\textCrossOutline ✒ \textNibSoli
Foggy natural landscape, cloudless sky, misty 2716
2721
271D
2719 ✖
✡
✝
✙
✛ \textXSolidBold
\textDavidStar
\textCross 2711
\textPlusOutline ✑ \textNibRigh
Natural 11;14 271B
271C
270C
270E
2710
2715
2720
✜
✌
✎
✐
✕
✠
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textPeace
2713
\textPencilRightUp
\textXSolid
\textCrossMaltese ✓ \textCheckma
forest and local houses 51.8% 2717
2722
271E
271A ✗
✢
✞
✚
✜ \textXSolidBrush
\textFourAsterisk
\textPlus 2712
\textCrossOpenShadow ✒ \textNibSoli
Environment 271C
271D
270D
270F
2711
2716
2721
✝
✍
✏
✑
✖
✡
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textCross
\textWritingHand
\textPencilRight
\textNibRight2714
\textXSolidBold
\textDavidStar ✔ \textCheckma
Soothing foggy within a natural landscape 12;25 2719
2723
271F
271B ✙
✣
✟
✛
✝ \textPlusOutline
\textJackStar2713
\textCrossOutline
\textPlusThinCenterOpen✓ \textCheckma
271D
271E
270E
2710
2712
2717
2722
✞
✎
✐
✒
✗
✢
\textCross
\textPencilRightUp
2715
\textNibSolidRight
\textXSolidBrush
\textFourAsterisk ✕ \textXSolid
271A
2724
2720
271C ✚
✤
✠
✜
✞ \textPlus
\textJackStarBold
2714
\textCrossMaltese
\textPlusCenterOpen ✔ \textCheckma
Beautiful winter landscape with snow on the
5; 16; 22; 26
271E
271F
270F
2711
2713
2719
2723
✟
✏
✑
✓
✙
✣
\textCrossOutline
\textPencilRight
\textNibRight2716
\textCheckmark
\textPlusOutline ✖ \textXSolidB
trees and a magnificent blue sky 271B
2725
2721
271D ✛
✥
✡
✝
✟
\textJackStar
\textClowerTips
2715
\textDavidStar
\textCross ✕ \textXSolid
271F
2720
2710
2712
2714
271A
2724
✠
✐
✒
✔
✚
✤
\textCrossOutline
\textCrossMaltese
\textPencilRightUp
\textNibSolidRight
2717
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPlus
\textJackStarBold ✗ \textXSolidB
Village located on a rocky hilltop Carpathian 271C
2726
2722
271E ✜
✦
✢
✞
✠ \textPlusCenterOpen
\textFourStar2716
\textFourAsterisk
\textCrossOpenShadow ✖ \textXSolidB
Winter Landscape 19 2720
2721
2711
2713
2715
271B
2725
✡
✑
✓
✕
✛
✥
\textCrossMaltese
\textDavidStar
\textNibRight
\textCheckmark
\textXSolid 2719
\textPlusThinCenterOpen✙ \textPlusOut
Mountains, snowy mountains; green vegetation 271D
2727
2723
271F ✝
✧
✣
✟
✡
\textClowerTips
\textCross
\textFourStarOpen
\textJackStar2717
\textCrossOutline ✗ \textXSolidB
2721
2722
2712
2714
2716
271C
2726
✢
✒
✔
✖
✜
✦
\textDavidStar
\textFourAsterisk
\textNibSolidRight
\textCheckmarkBold
271A
\textXSolidBold
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textFourStar ✚ \textPlus
Stunning winter snowy landscape in the 271E
272A
2724
2720 ✞
✪
✤
✠
✢ \textCrossOpenShadow
2719
\textJackStarBold
\textCrossMaltese ✙
\textFiveStarOpenCircled \textPlusOut
20;27 2722
2723
2713
2715
2717
271D
2727
✣
✓
✕
✗
✝
✧
\textFourAsterisk
\textJackStar
\textCheckmark
\textXSolid 271B
\textXSolidBrush
\textCross ✛ \textPlusThi
evening, a religious monument 271F
272B
2725
2721 ✟
✫
✥
✡
✣
\textFourStarOpen
\textCrossOutline
271A
\textClowerTips
\textDavidStar ✚ \textPlus
2723
2724
2714
2716
2719
271E
272A
✤
✔
✖
✙
✞
✪
\textJackStar
\textJackStarBold
\textCheckmarkBold
\textXSolidBold
271C
\textPlusOutline
\textCrossOpenShadow ✜
\textFiveStarOpenCircled \textPlusCen
2720
272C
2726
2722 ✠
✬
✦
✢
✤ \textCrossMaltese
\textFourStar271B
\textFourAsterisk ✛ \textPlusThi
2724
2725
2715
2717
271A
271F
272B
✥
✕
✗
✚
✟
✫
\textJackStarBold
\textClowerTips
\textXSolid
\textXSolidBrush
\textPlus 271D
\textCrossOutline ✝ \textCross
2721
272D
2727
2723 ✡
✭
✧
✣
✥
\textDavidStar
271C
\textFourStarOpen
\textJackStar ✜ \textPlusCen
2725
2726
2716
2719
271B
2720
272C
✦
✖
✙
✛
✠
✬
\textClowerTips
\textFourStar
\textXSolidBold
\textPlusOutline
271E
\textCrossMaltese
\textFiveStarOpenDotted✞ \textCrossOp
2722
272E
272A
2724 ✢
✮
✪
✤
✦ \textFourAsterisk
271D ✝
\textJackStarBold \textCross
2726
2727
2717
271A
271C
2721
272D
✧
✗
✚
✜
✡
✭
\textFourStar
\textFourStarOpen
\textXSolidBrush
\textPlus 271F
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textDavidStar
\textFiveStarOutline ✟ \textCrossOu
2723
272F
272B
2725 ✣
✯
✫
✥
✧ \textJackStar
\textFiveStarConvex
271E
\textClowerTips ✞ \textCrossOp
2727
272A
2719
271B
271D
2722
272E
✪
✙
✛
✝
✢
✮
\textFourStarOpen
\textPlusOutline
\textCross 2720
\textFourAsterisk ✠
\textFiveStarOutlineHeavy \textCrossMa
2724
2730
272C
2726 ✤
✰
✬
✦
✪ \textJackStarBold
\textFiveStarShadow
271F
\textFourStar ✟ \textCrossOu
272A
272B
271A
271C
271E
2723
272F
✫
✚
✜
✞
✣
✯
\textPlus
\textPlusCenterOpen
2721
\textJackStar
\textFiveStarConvex ✡ \textDavidSt
2725
2731
272D
2727 ✥
✱
✭
✧
✫ \textClowerTips
\textAsteriskBold
2720
\textFourStarOpen ✠ \textCrossMa
272B
272C
271B
271D
271F
2724
2730
✬
✛
✝
✟
✤
✰
\textCross 2722
\textCrossOutline
\textJackStarBold
\textFiveStarShadow ✢ \textFourAst
2726
2732
272E
272A ✦
✲
✮
✪
✬ \textFourStar
2721 ✡
\textFiveStarOpenCircled \textDavidSt
272C
272D
271C
271E
2720
2725
2731
✭
✜
✞
✠
✥
✱
\textPlusCenterOpen
2723
\textCrossMaltese
\textClowerTips
\textAsteriskBold ✣ \textJackSta
2727
2734
272F
272B ✧
✴
✯
✫
✭ \textFourStarOpen
\textEightStarTaper
2722
\textFiveStarConvex
\textFiveStarCenterOpen✢ \textFourAst
272D
272E
271D
271F
2721
2726
2732
✮
✝
✟
✡
✦
✲
\textCross
\textCrossOutline
2724
\textDavidStar
\textFourStar
\textAsteriskCenterOpen✤ \textJackSta
272A
2735
2730
272C ✪
✵
✰
✬
✮ 2723
\textFiveStarShadow
\textFiveStarOpenDotted✣
\textEightStarConvex \textJackSta
272E
272F
271E
2720
2722
2727
2734
✯
✞
✠
✢
✧
✴
\textFiveStarConvex
\textCrossMaltese
2725
\textFourAsterisk
\textFourStarOpen
\textEightStarTaper ✥ \textClowerT
272B
2731
272D ✫
✱
✭
✯ \textFiveStarCenterOpen
2724
\textAsteriskBold
\textFiveStarOutline ✤ \textJackSta
272F
2730
271F
2721
2723
272A
2735
✰
✟
✡
✣
✪
✵
\textFiveStarConvex
\textFiveStarShadow
\textCrossOutline
\textDavidStar
\textJackStar2726 ✦
\textEightStarConvex \textFourSta
272C
2732
272E ✬
✲
✮
✰ \textFiveStarOpenDotted
2725
\textAsteriskCenterOpen✥
\textFiveStarOutlineHeavy \textClowerT
2730
2731
2720
2722
2724
272B
✱
✠
✢
✤
✫
\textFiveStarShadow
\textAsteriskBold
\textCrossMaltese
\textFourAsterisk
2727
\textJackStarBold
\textFiveStarCenterOpen✧ \textFourSta
272D
2734
272F ✭
✴
✯
✱ \textFiveStarOutline
2726
\textEightStarTaper
\textFiveStarConvex ✦ 46
\textFourSta
2731
2732
2721
2723
2725
272C
✲
✡
✣
✥
✬
\textAsteriskBold
\textDavidStar
\textJackStar272A
\textClowerTips
\textFiveStarOpenDotted✪ \textFiveSta
272E
2735
2730 ✮
✵
✰
✲ 2727
\textFiveStarShadow ✧
\textFiveStarOutlineHeavy \textFourSta
2732
2734
2722
2724 ✴
✢
✤
✦
✭
\textEightStarTaper
\textFourAsterisk
\textJackStarBold
272B ✫ \textFiveSta
2726
272D
272F
2731 ✯
✱ \textFourStar
\textFiveStarConvex
272A
\textAsteriskBold ✪ 46
\textFiveSta
2734
2735
2723
2725 ✴
✵
✣
✥ \textEightStarTaper
\textJackStar
\textClowerTips
272C ✬ \textFiveSta
2727
272E
2730
2732
✧
✮
✰
✲ \textFourStarOpen
\textFiveStarShadow
272B
\textAsteriskCenterOpen✫ \textFiveSta
2735
2724
2726 ✵
✤
✦ \textEightStarConvex
\textJackStarBold
\textFourStar272D ✭ \textFiveSta
272A
272F
2731
2734
✪
✯
✱
✴ \textFiveStarOpenCircled
\textFiveStarConvex
\textAsteriskBold
272C
\textEightStarTaper ✬ \textFiveSta
46
2725
2727
272B
2730
✥
✧
✫
✰ \textClowerTips
\textFourStarOpen
272E
\textFiveStarShadow ✮ \textFiveSta
2732
2735 ✲
272D
\textEightStarConvex ✭ \textFiveSta
2726 ✦ \textFourStar 46
2704 ✄ \textScissorHollowRight
26FA ⛺ \textTent
✃ 26F0
26D4
⛰
⛔ \textMountai
\textnoway
2706 ✆ 2703 \textScissorRightBrokenTop
\textPhoneHandset
2701 ✁ \textScissor
2704 ✄ 26FA
26F0
⛺
⛰ \textTent
\textMountai
2707 ✇ \textTape 2702 ✂ \textScissor
✆ 2701
26FA
✁
⛺ \textScissor
\textTent
2708 ✈ 2706 \textPlane \textPhoneHandset
2703 ✃ \textScissor
✇ 2702
2701
✂
✁ \textScissor
\textScissor
2709 ✉ 2707 \textEnvelope \textTape
2704 ✄ \textScissor
Sustainability 2021, 13, 67 ✈ 2703
2702
✃
✂ 12 \textScissor
of 23
\textScissor
270C ✌ 2708 \textPeace \textPlane
2706 ✆ \textPhoneHa
✉ 2704
2703
✄
✃ \textScissor
\textScissor
270D ✍ 2709 \textEnvelope
\textWritingHand
2707 ✇ \textTape
✌ 2706
2704
✆
✄ \textPhoneHa
\textScissor
270E ✎ 270C \textPeace
2708 ✈ \textPlane
✍ 2707
2706
✇
✆ \textTape
\textPhoneHa
270F ✏ 270D \textWritingHand
\textPencilRight
2709 ✉ \textEnvelop
Table 2. Cont. ✎ 2708
2707
✈
✇ \textPlane
\textTape
2710 ✐ 270E \textPencilRightDown
\textPencilRightUp
270C ✌ \textPeace
270F ✏ 2709
2708
✉
✈
\textPencilRight
\textEnvelop
\textPlane
Main Themes Sub-Themes Examples of Photo’s Descriptions (N = 27) ID Photo Theme (%) Play 2711 ✑
Aesthetics \textNibRight
Ethics 270D ✍
Spirituality \textWriting
✐ 270C
2709
✌
✉ \textPeace
\textEnvelop
2712 ✒ 2710 \textPencilRightUp
\textNibSolidRight
270E ✎ \textPencilR
Romania’s triumphal arch looks out over ✑ 270D
270C
✍
✌ \textWriting
\textPeace
Historical 7 2713 ✓ 2711 \textCheckmark \textNibRight
270F ✏ \textPencilR
Bucharest and a beautiful garden ✒ 270E
270D
✎
✍ \textPencilR
\textWriting
Buildings/Art 2714 ✔ 2712 \textNibSolidRight
\textCheckmarkBold
2710 ✐ \textPencilR
Old colorful paintings in a monastery within
✓ 270F
270E
✏
✎ \textPencilR
\textPencilR
17; 24 22.2% 2715 ✕ 2713 \textXSolid \textCheckmark
2711 ✑ \textNibRigh
Culture, History & nature
✔ 2710
270F
✐
✏ \textPencilR
\textPencilR
2716 ✖ 2714 \textXSolidBold\textCheckmarkBold
2712 ✒ \textNibSoli
Art Painted eggs, traditional behaviour of the ✕ 2711
2710
✑
✐ \textNibRigh
\textPencilR
3 2717 ✗ 2715 \textXSolid
\textXSolidBrush
2713 ✓ \textCheckma
Customs & Way of Christians, related to the Easter period ✖ 2712
2711
✒
✑ \textNibSoli
\textNibRigh
2719 ✙ 2716 \textXSolidBold
\textPlusOutline
2714 ✔ \textCheckma
life 1st March: A symbol of a new spring 18 ✗ 2713
2712
✓
✒ \textCheckma
\textNibSoli
271A ✚ 2717 \textPlus \textXSolidBrush
2715 ✕ \textXSolid
Traditional clothing of Romanians: a specific
✙ 2714
2713
✔
✓ \textCheckma
\textCheckma
traditional wearing
21 271B ✛ 2719 \textPlusOutline
2716 ✖ \textXSolidB
✚ 2715
2714
✕
✔ \textXSolid
\textCheckma
271C ✜ 271A \textPlus
\textPlusCenterOpen
2717 ✗ \textXSolidB
Square with Christmas decoration. (Christmas ✛ 2716
2715
✖
✕ \textXSolidB
\textXSolid
Atmosphere of the Relaxing & 271D ✝ 271B \textCross \textPlusThinCenterOpen
2719 ✙ \textPlusOut
tree, people walking and relaxing near a local 15 3.7% x ✜ 2717
2716
✗
✖ \textXSolidB
\textXSolidB
Place Enjoyable 271E ✞ 271C \textPlusCenterOpen
271A ✚ \textPlus
church ✝ 2719
2717
✙
✗ \textPlusOut
\textXSolidB
271F ✟ 271D \textCross
\textCrossOutline
271B ✛ \textPlusThi
Number & percentage of photos descriptions 1 2720 17 ✞
2 271A
2719
✚
✙
7 \textPlus
\textPlusOut
✠ 271E \textCrossOpenShadow
\textCrossMaltese
271C ✜ \textPlusCen
per Holbrook´s classification (3.7%) 2721 (62.9%) (7.4%)
✟ 271B
271A
✛
✚
(25.9%) \textPlusThi
\textPlus
✡ 271F \textDavidStar \textCrossOutline
271D ✝ \textCross
✠ 271C
271B
✜
✛ \textPlusCen
\textPlusThi
Source: Author’s elaboration from webQDA outputs. 2722 ✢ 2720 \textCrossMaltese
\textFourAsterisk
271E ✞ \textCrossOp
✡ 271D
271C
✝
✜ \textCross
\textPlusCen
2723 ✣ 2721 \textJackStar \textDavidStar
271F ✟ \textCrossOu
✢ 271E
271D
✞
✝ \textCrossOp
\textCross
2724 ✤ 2722 \textFourAsterisk
\textJackStarBold
2720 ✠ \textCrossMa
✣ 271F
271E
✟
✞ \textCrossOu
\textCrossOp
2725 ✥ 2723 \textClowerTips\textJackStar
2721 ✡ \textDavidSt
✤ 2720
271F
✠
✟ \textCrossMa
\textCrossOu
2726 ✦ 2724 \textFourStar \textJackStarBold
2722 ✢ \textFourAst
✥ 2721
2720
✡
✠ \textDavidSt
\textCrossMa
2727 ✧ 2725 \textClowerTips
\textFourStarOpen
2723 ✣ \textJackSta
✦ 2722
2721
✢
✡ \textFourAst
\textDavidSt
272A ✪ 2726 \textFourStar
✤
2724 \textJackSta
✧ 2723
2722
✣
✢ \textJackSta
\textFourAst
272B ✫ 2727 \textFourStarOpen
2725 ✥ \textClowerT
✪ 2724
2723
✤
✣ \textJackSta
\textJackSta
272C ✬ 272A \textFiveStarOpenCircled
2726 ✦ \textFourSta
✫ 2725
2724
✥
✤ \textClowerT
\textJackSta
272D ✭ 272B \textFiveStarCenterOpen
2727 ✧ \textFourSta
✬ 2726
2725
✦
✥ \textFourSta
\textClowerT
272E ✮ 272C \textFiveStarOpenDotted
✪
272A \textFiveSta
✭ 2727
2726
✧
✦ \textFourSta
\textFourSta
272F ✯ 272D \textFiveStarOutline
\textFiveStarConvex
272B ✫ \textFiveSta
✮ 272A
2727
✪
✧ \textFiveSta
\textFourSta
2730 ✰ 272E \textFiveStarOutlineHeavy
\textFiveStarShadow
272C ✬ \textFiveSta
✯ 272B
272A
✫
✪ \textFiveSta
\textFiveSta
2731 ✱ 272F \textFiveStarConvex
\textAsteriskBold
272D ✭ \textFiveSta
✰ 272C
272B
✬
✫ \textFiveSta
\textFiveSta
2732 ✲ 2730 \textFiveStarShadow
272E ✮ \textFiveSta
✱ 272D
272C
✭
✬ \textFiveSta
\textFiveSta
2734 ✴ 2731 \textAsteriskBold
\textEightStarTaper
272F ✯ \textFiveSta
✲ 272E
272D
✮
✭ \textFiveSta
\textFiveSta
2735 ✵ 2732 \textAsteriskCenterOpen
2730 ✰ \textFiveSta
2734 ✴ 272F
272E
✯
✮ \textFiveSta
\textFiveSta
\textEightStarTaper
2731
2730
✱
✰ \textAsteris
\textFiveSta
2735 ✵ 272F ✯ \textFiveSta
2732 ✲ \textAsteris
2731
2730
✱
✰ \textAsteris
\textFiveSta
2734
2732
✴
✲ 46
\textEightSt
\textAsteris
2731
2735 ✱
✵ \textAsteris
\textEightSt
2734
2732
✴
✲ \textEightSt
\textAsteris
2735
2734
✵
✴ \textEightSt
\textEightSt
2735 ✵ \textEightSt
Table 3 shows the result of the coding procedure for the 7 videos spots. Similarly, as
in the photo analysis, a preliminary categorization of the videos according to Beerli and
Martin [40] was made by the four authors, as a form of organizing the visual framework.
The final image categories were “natural resources”, “natural environment”, “culture,
history and art”, “tourist leisure & recreation”, and “atmosphere of place”. Next, the
following image contents were extracted from the video descriptions and coded according
to Holbrook’s conceptualization of value dimensions:
(i) 18 of the total descriptors (38.2%) were coded for ‘aesthetics’ with visual contents
related with “natural resources” (e.g., ”The Danube Delta: the largest Delta in Europe”,
Letea Forest: the most northern semitropical forest in Europe, “Tens of kilometres
of wild beaches”), “culture, history and art” (e.g., “Sibiu: European Cultural Capital
in 2007”, “The Black church in Brasov: the symbol of Gothic architecture”, “Saxon
settlements with fortified churches dating from the 13th century”, and “atmosphere
of the place” (e.g., “vast parks and botanical gardens”). In fact, when the video is
showing an invitation to a reactive or passive participation of the tourist (i.e., reacting
to beauty) it has been labelled as “aesthetics”. These value dimensions “refers to the
appreciation of some consumption experience valued intrinsically at a self-oriented
end in itself [19] (p. 10);
(ii) 12 of the total descriptors (25.5%) were coded as ‘play’, as an active and self-oriented
value dimension, with visual contents mostly related with “atmosphere of the place”
(e.g., “Concerts of the best bands in the world”, “Intense night life”), “tourist leisure
& recreation” (e.g., “Multiple intense experiences: biking, skydiving, winter sports”)
and “culture, history & art” (e.g., “Discover the land in the heart of the Carpathians:
Transylvania circuit”);
(iii) 10 of the total descriptors (21.2%) were coded for ‘ethics’ with visual contents mostly
related with “natural environment” in an epistemic way of discovery (e.g., “Redis-
cover the authentic taste of the countryside life”, “Carefully kept skills sent forward
to the next generations”), “culture, history & art” (e.g.,” Discover the authentic Ro-
mania”, “Unique places: The Sapanta Merry Cemetery”). In fact, anything related to
“authenticity” is close to “ethics” as it goes with the idea of “morality, justice” [19]
(p. 21) again “virtue, justice and morality involve various sorts of matches or corre-
spondences between the natural, the right and the good”. Moreover, what “stands
for more than one generation” corresponds to “virtue” and definitely to a more sus-
tainable destination than the ones which have not a long-term projection, and where
the “other-oriented aspects” are less prominent (when the DMOs stress just fun and
pleasure, but not authentic intrinsic behaviour);
7 of the total descriptors (14.8 %) were coded as ‘spirituality’ with visual contents
mostly related with “natural environment” (e.g., “Romania: Wellness and Health”, “Re-
covery therapies and climoterapy”, “Special mud pack therapies”, “Therapeutic aspects”)
were considered as spirituality, in the sense that, compared to the previous ones (aesthetics
and play), these are other-related, in a macro level, as they allow to escape from routine
and to unveil. See how “other”, as [19] claims the others in question could range from the
more micro level (family, friends, colleagues) to an intermediate level (community, country,
world) to the most macro level (the Cosmos, Mother Nature, the Deity).
Table 3 shows a dominant focus of tourism spots on aesthetics (38.2 % are focused on
Romania’s natural and cultural resources and landscapes) and play (25.5 %, represented
by visitor experiences), followed by ethics/authenticity (21.2 %) and spirituality (14.8%).
However, all four dimensions reflect the Romanian authorities’ aim to cater for the main
trends orienting the present tourism market demand, such as: nature tourism, experiential
tourism (active, adventure), the search of authenticity and spirituality. Compared to the
text analysis from Table 1, there is less emphasis on authenticity and spirituality.
26FA ⛺ 27012702
2703 ✁
\textTent
✂
✃
✄ 26B2 ⚲ 26B9
26BD ⛅⚹
⚽
\textuncrfemale
26C5
\textScissorRight
⛔ 26C6 ⛆
\textScissorRightBrokenTop \textPUuncrf
\texthexstar
\textSoccerB
\textSunCloa
\textRain
TENT
2704
2706
2707 ✆
✇ 26D4 26F0
\textPhoneHandset
\textTape ⛰
\textnoway
\textScissorHollowRight \textMountai
USV
2701 Symbol
✁ 26B2 Macro(s)
2702
2703 ✂
✃
✄⚲ 26B9
26BD
\textuncrfemale
\textScissorRightBrokenBottom 26C5
\textScissorRight
⛰ 26C6 ⛅
⛆
⛔⚹
\textPUuncrfemale
⚽
\textScissorRightBrokenTop Descrip
\texthexstar
\textSoccerB
\textSunCloa
\textRain
2704
2706
2707
2708 ✆
✇
✈ \textTape
\textPlane 26D4
26F0 ⛺
\textMountain
\textPhoneHandset
26FA \textnoway
UPPER BLAD
\textTent
2702 ✂ 2703 ✃ USV
26B9
\textScissorRight
✄ ⚹
Symbol Macro(s)
\textPUuncrfemale
26C5
26C6 ⛆
⛔⚽
\texthexstar
26BD ⛅
\textScissorRightBrokenTop \textSoccerB
\textSunCloa
\textRain
26B2 ⚲ 2704
2706
2708
2709 ✆
✇
✈
✉ USV 26FA
\textuncrfemale
2707 ⛺ 26D4
\textTape
\textPlane
\textEnvelope 26F0
\textPhoneHandset ⛰
✁
\textTent
2701 \textnoway
\textMountai
BLACK SCIS
\textScissor
NEUTER
2703 ✃ 26B9 ✄⚹ Symbol
⚽
\texthexstar
26BD
\textScissorRightBrokenTop Macro(s)
26C5
26C6 ⛅
\textSoccerBall
⛆
⛔ \textSunCloa
\textRain
2704
2707
2708
2709
270C ✆
✇
\textPUuncrfemale
2706 ✈
✉
✌ USV 26B2 ✁
\textTape
2701
\textPlane
\textEnvelope
\textPeace
26D4
⚲ 26F0
\textPhoneHandset
26FA
2702 ⛰
⛺
✂
\textuncrfemale \textnoway
\textMountai
\textTent
LOWER BLA
\textScissorRightBrokenBott
\textScissor
✄
⚹ 26BD ⚽ 26C5 Symbol
⛅
\textSoccerBall Macro(s)
⛆
\textSunCload
26C6 ⛔ \textRain
2704
26B9 2707
2708
2709
270C ✆
✇
\texthexstar
2706 ✈
✉
✌ USV
✍ 26B2 ⚲
\textTape
\textPlane
2702
\textEnvelope
\textPeace
26D4
26F0
\textPhoneHandset
✂ 26FA ⛰
⛺
✁
\textuncrfemale
2701 \textnoway
\textMountai
\textPUuncrfemale
✃ 14 of\textTent
\textScissor
\textScissorRight
2703 WHITE SCIS
SEXTILE
\textScissor
Sustainability 2021, 13, 67 270D
26C5 ⛅ 26C6 Symbol
\textWritingHand
⛆
\textSunCload
⚹ Macro(s)
⛔
\textRain 23
2706
26BD ✆
⚽ ✇ 26B9
\textPhoneHandset
✈
\textSoccerBall
2707 ✉ 26B2 ⚲
\textTape
✃ 270126D4
26F0
26FA ⛰
⛺
✁
\texthexstar
✂
\textuncrfemale \textnoway
\textMountai
\textPUuncrfemale
\textTent
\textScissor
USV Symbol 2708 ✌ \textPlane 2702 ✄ TELEPHONE
SOCCER BAL
2709
270C ✍
✎
Macro(s)⛆
270D
270E \textEnvelope
2703
\textPeace \textScissorRightBrokenTop
2704
\textWritingHand
\textPencilRightDown \textScissor
Descrip
2707
26C5 ✇
⛅ 26C6
✈
\textTape
✉
\textSunCload
2708 26D4
26B9
26BD
26B2 ⛔
\textRain
⚹
⚲
⚽
\textPlane 26F0
26FA
2701 ⛰
\textnoway
⛺
✁
\texthexstar
✂
\textSoccerBall
\textuncrfemale
✃ \textMountai
\textPUuncrfemale
\textTent
\textScissor
2709
270C
270D
270E
270F ✏✌
✍
✎ ✄ 2702
\textEnvelope
\textPeace
2704 2703
\textWritingHand ✆ \textScissor
TAPE
SUN
2706
\textPencilRight
DRIVE
BEHIND
\textPhoneHa
26B2
2708 ⚲
✈
⛆ 26D4 ⛔✉
\textPlane USV
26F0
26B9
26BD
\textuncrfemale
26C5 ⚹
Symbol
⛰
\textnoway
⚽
⛅ Macro(s)
26FA
2701 ⛺
\textMountain
\textPUuncrfemale
✁
\texthexstar
✂
\textSoccerBall
✃
\textScissor
26C6 270C
270D
270E
270F
Table 3. Tree coding of spots video from last international tourism promotion campaign of Romania (Explore the ✏✌
\textRain
2709 ✍
✎
✐ USV
Carpathian
2710
\textEnvelope
✆
\textPeace 2702
2703
2704
\textWritingHand
2706
Garden). ✄✇ \textScissor
\textPhoneHandset
2707
\textPencilRight
\textPencilRightUp
NEUTER
AIRPLANE
RAIN
\textTape
2709 ✉
⛔ 26F0 ⛰✌
\textEnvelope 26B9
26FA
26BD
26C5
26C6 ⚹
Symbol
⛺
\textMountain
\textPUuncrfemale ⚽
⛅
⛆ Macro(s)
✁
\texthexstar
\textTent
✂
\textSoccerBall
2701 ✃
\textSunCload
2702 ✄
\textRain \textScissor
26D4 270D
270E
270F ✏
✑✍
\textnoway
270C ✎
✐ \textPeace
26B2
2707 ⚲
✇ 2703
2704
\textWritingHand
2706
\textPencilRight ✆
✈
\textuncrfemale
\textTape \textScissor
\textPhoneHa
ENVELOPE
NO ENTRY
26B9
270C
⚹
✌
⛰
2710
2711 ⛺
\texthexstar
26FA
✍
\textPeace USV
26C5
26C6
26D4 ⚽ 2708
\textPencilRightUp
\textNibRight
Symbol
✁
\textTent
26BD
2701 ⛅
⛆
⛔ Macro(s)
✂
\textSoccerBall
\textPlane
2702 ✃
\textSunCload
✄
\textRain
2703 ✆
\textnoway SEXTILE
\textScissor
Main Themes TV Spot Videos Descriptions (N = 47) 26F0 Play 270E
270F
2710
2711 ✏
✑
✒✎ 26B2
\textMountain
270D Aesthetics
✐ ⚲
✈
Ethics 2704
\textWritingHand
2706
\textPencilRight
2708 ✇
Spirituality
\textuncrfemale
2707 ✉
\textPlane
\textPencilRightUp
\textNibRight 2709 \textScissor
\textPUuncrfemale
\textPhoneHa
\textTape
VICTORY
MOUNTAIN
\textEnvelop HA
✍ USV Symbol Macro(s)

26BD ⚽ 2712 ✁
\textSoccerBall
2701 \textNibSolidRight
⛅
✂
270D
26FA ⛺ ✎ 26C5
2702
26C6
26D4
26F0
26B9
\textWritingHand
✏
\textTent
270E ⛆
⛔
⚹
⛰
⚲ 2704
2706
\textPencilRightDown ✃
\textSunCload
\textScissorRight
✄
\textRain
2703 ✆
\textnoway
✇
\textMountain
\textPUuncrfemale
\texthexstar
✈
SOCCER BAL
\textScissor
\textPhoneHa
Discover Romania nature ⛅
270F
2710
2711
2712
2713 ✑
✒✐
✓ USV 26B2 ✉
\textPencilRight\textuncrfemale
2707
2708
\textPencilRightUp
2709
\textNibRight
Symbol ✌
\textEnvelope
270C
Macro(s)
\textNibSolidRight
\textCheckmark
\textTape
\textPlane
WRITING
TENT
\textPeace HA
26C5
270E ✎ 2702
✁ ✂
\textSunCload
✏⚲ 2703
26D4
26F0
26B9
26FA
26BD
\textPencilRightDown ⛆
✃
\textScissorRight
26C6 ⛔
⚹
⛰
⛺
⚽ 2704 ✄
\textRain
✆
\textnoway
✇
\textMountain
\texthexstar
2706 ✈
\textTent
\textSoccerBall SUN BEHIND
\textScissor
\textPUuncrfemale
\textPhoneHa
The Sphinx and the Babele unique megalithic formations 26C6
2701 26B2
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714 ✑
✒✐
✓
✔
\textuncrfemale
270F \textNibRight
270C 2707
\textPencilRight
✌ 2708
\textPencilRightUp
2709
\textNibSolidRight
\textCheckmark270D
\textCheckmarkBold ✉
✍
\textPeace \textTape
\textPlane
\textEnvelop
LOWERBLAD
UPPER
\textWritingRIG
USV ⛆
270F Symbol
✏
✂ 2703 ✃
\textRain
Macro(s) 26F0
26B9
26FA
26BD ⛔
✄
⚹
26D4
2704 ⛰
⚲
⛺
⚽
✁
⛅ 2706 ✆
\textnoway
✇
\textMountain
\textPUuncrfemale
\texthexstar
✈
\textTent
\textSoccerBall Descrip
RAIN
\textPhoneHa
The Danube Delta: the largest Delta in Europe 2702 2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715 ✑✐
✓
✔
✕
26B2
2701
26C5
\textPencilRight
\textScissorRight
✒ \textNibRight
270D
\textCheckmark
\textuncrfemale
2707
2708
\textPencilRightUp
✍ 2709
270C
\textNibSolidRight ✉
✌
✎
\textWritingHand
270E
\textCheckmarkBold
\textXSolid
\textTape
\textSunCload \textPlane
\textEnvelop
\textPeace
PENCIL
BLACK
\textPencilRSCIS
USV ⛔
26D4 Symbol
✐
✃ 2704
26B9 ✄
Macro(s)⚹
\textnoway ⛰
✆
26F0 ⛺
⚽
✁
\texthexstar
2706
26FA
26BD
2701
26C5 ⛅
✂
⛆ ✇
\textMountain
\textPUuncrfemale
\textPhoneHandset
2707 ✈
\textTent
\textSoccerBall
✉ Descrip
NO ENTRY
\textTape
\textSunCload
Natural Romania 2710
Letea Forest: the most northern semitropical forest in Europe 2703
26B2 ⚲ 2713 ✑✔
✕
2702
26C6
\textPencilRightUp
✒
2711
2712 ✓
\textuncrfemale
2714
2715
2716 ✖ \textNibRight
✎
\textCheckmark
270E 2708
270C
\textNibSolidRight
270D
\textCheckmarkBold
\textXSolid 270F
\textXSolidBold
✌
\textRain
2709 ✍
✏ \textPlane
\textScissorRight
\textEnvelop
\textPeace
\textWriting
\textPencilRightDown UPPER RIGH
LOWER
\textPencilR
NEUTER
BLA
26F0 ⛰
✑
✄ USV
2706
26BD Symbol
✒✆
\textMountain
⚽ Macro(s)
26B9
26FA
2707
2701
26C5
2702
26C6 ⚹
⛺
✇
✁
⛅
✂
\textSoccerBall
⛆
✃
⛔ \texthexstar
\textPhoneHandset ✈
\textTent
\textTape
2708 ✉
\textSunCload
✌
\textRain
2709 MOUNTAIN
\textPlane
\textScissorRight
\textEnvelop
The last wild horses in Europe 2711
2704
26B2 ⚲ \textNibRight
2715
2716 ✓
✕ 2703
26D4
\textPUuncrfemale
2712
2713 ✔
\textuncrfemale
2714 ✖
✗
270C
\textNibSolidRight
✏
\textCheckmark270D
270E
\textCheckmarkBold
270F
\textXSolid ✍
\textnoway
✎
✐
\textPencilRight
2710
\textXSolidBold
\textPeace
\textWriting
\textPencilR
WHITE NIB
SCIS
\textPencilR
NEUTER
26FA ⛺
⚹
✒ USV
2717
26C5 Symbol
✇
\textTent
2707 ⛅ Macro(s)
\textXSolidBrush
26BD
2702
26C6
2703 ⚽
✁
✈
✂
\textTape
2701 ⛆
✃
\textSunCload
2708 ⛔
✄ \textSoccerBall
✉
\textPlane
✌
\textScissorRight
\textRain
2709 ✍ TENT
\textEnvelop
Tens of Kilometres of wild beaches 26B9
2712
2706 ✆ 2713
26B2
2714
2715
2716 ✓
⚲
✕
✖
✗
26D4
2704
26F0
\textPUuncrfemale
\texthexstar
\textNibSolidRight
✔
\textPhoneHandset ⛰
\textCheckmark
✐
\textXSolid
2710
\textnoway
270C
270E
\textuncrfemale
\textCheckmarkBold
270F
\textXSolidBold ✎
\textMountain
270D ✏
✑ \textPeace
\textWriting
\textPencilR
\textPencilRightUp SEXTILE
BLACK NIB
TELEPHONE
2701 ✁ USV
2717
2719 ✙
Symbol
✈ Macro(s)
2708
26C6 ⛆ 26C5 ✃
\textPlane
2702 ⛔
✄
\textRain
2711
\textXSolidBrush
\textPlusOutline
⛅
✂
✉ \textSunCload
✌
\textNibRigh
\textScissorRight
A country that is waiting to be explored 26B9
26BD
2713
2707 ⚹
✓
✇
⚽ ⚲
\texthexstar
✔ 2709
2703
26D4
2704
26F0
2706
26FA
\textSoccerBall
\textCheckmark
26B2
2715
2716 ✕
\textTape
2714 ✖
✗ ⛰
✆
⛺
\textuncrfemale
✑ 2712
\textXSolid
\textEnvelope
✍
\textnoway
270C ✎
\textTent
270E
\textCheckmarkBold
270F
2710
\textXSolidBold ✒✐
UPPER BLAD
\textPeace
\textMountain
\textPUuncrfemale
270D ✏ \textWriting
\textPhoneHandset
\textPencilR
SEXTILE
\textPencilR
SOCCER
CHECK
TAPE BAL
MAR
DRIVE
2702 ✂ USV
2717
2719
271A ✙
Symbol
✚
✉
2711
Macro(s)
\textXSolidBrush
\textPlusOutline
\textPlus
\textScissorRight
⛔ 26C6 ⛆
✃
✌
✄
\textNibRight
\textRain
\textNibSoli
26BD
26C5
2714
2708 ⚽
✔
✈
⛅ 2709
26D4
26B9
26B2 ⚹
⚲
\textSunCload \textEnvelope
2703
26F0
26FA
\textSoccerBall
✕ ⛰
✆
\textnoway
270C
2704 ⛺
✇
\texthexstar
2706
\textuncrfemale
2707
2701
\textCheckmarkBold
2716 ✖
\textPlane
2715 ✗ \textXSolid
✒ 2713 ✍
\textPeace
✎
\textMountain
\textPUuncrfemale
✁ 270D ✏
\textTent
270E
270F
2710
\textXSolidBold ✐
\textTape
✑
BLACK SCIS
\textWriting
\textPhoneHandset
\textPencilR
\textPencilR
SOCCER BAL
Natural Resources Romania: Wellness and Health ✃ USV
2717
2719
271A
271B ✙
Symbol
✚
✛
✌ Macro(s)
2712 2711
\textXSolidBrush
\textPlusOutline
\textPlus ✓ \textNibRigh
\textNibSolidRight
⛔
✄
SUN BEHIND
HEAVY
\textCheckmaCHE
AIRPLANE
2703
26C5
26C6
2715
2709 ⛅
✕
✉
⛆ 270C
26F0
26B9
26BD
26B2 ⛰⚹
⚲
⚽
\textSunCload
✖
\textRain
\textXSolid
✗
\textEnvelope
2716
26D4 ✍
✆
\textPeace
2704 ⛺
✇
\textMountain
\textSoccerBall
2707
2701
2708
2702 \textnoway
\textPUuncrfemale
2706
26FA ✁
\texthexstar
270D ✈
✂ 270E
\textuncrfemale
270F
2710
\textXSolidBold ✒✎
\textWritingHand
✏
\textPhoneHandset
\textTent
✐
\textTape
✑
\textPlane LOWER BLA
\textPencilR
\textScissorRight
\textPencilR
Salt mines with curative tradition of hundred years USV Symbol
✄ Macro(s)
2717
2719
271A
271B
271C ✙
✚
✛
✜ ✓ 2711
\textXSolidBrush
2712
\textPlusOutline
2713
\textPlus ✔
\textCheckmark
2714
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textNibRigh
SUN BEHIND
Descrip
\textNibSoli
RAIN
MULTIPLICA
ENVELOPE
\textCheckma
2704
26C6
26D4
2716 ⛆
✖
✌
⛔ 26B9
270D
26FA
26BD
26B2
26C5 ⛺
⛅⚹
✍
⚲
⚽
\textRain
✗
\textnoway 26F0 ⛰
✆
✎
✇
\texthexstar
\textWritingHand
2706 ✈
\textTent
✂
\textSoccerBall
270E
\textuncrfemale
2707
2701
2702
2709
2703
\textXSolidBold ✉
✃
\textSunCload
2708 \textMountain
\textPUuncrfemale
✁ ✏
\textPhoneHandset
✐
\textTape
270F ✑
\textPlane
\textScissorRight
2710 ✒
\textEnvelope WHITE SCIS
\textPencilR
Recovery therapies and climoterapy 270C 2719
271A
271B
271C ✙
\textPeace
2717 ✚
✛
✜
✝ ✔
\textPlus
2714 2711
\textXSolidBrush
2712
\textPlusOutline
2713 ✓
✕ \textNibRigh
\textNibSoli
\textCheckmarkBold
2715
\textPlusCenterOpen
RAIN
\textCheckma
NO ENTRY
HEAVY
VICTORY
\textXSolid MUL
HA
2706
26B2 ✆
⚲
⛔
✗
271D
26B9
2701
26C5
26C6 ✁
⛆⚹
✎
⚽ \textCross
\textPhoneHandset
26BD
270E ⛅ 26FA
\textuncrfemale
2707
2702 ⛺
✇
\textPUuncrfemale
\texthexstar
✏
✈
✂
\textSoccerBall
✉
\textSunCload
270F
2708 ✌
✄
\textRain
2709 \textTent
\textPencilRightDown ✐
\textTape
✃ \textPencilRight
✑
\textPlane
\textScissorRight
2710 ✒
\textEnvelope TELEPHONE
\textPencilR
Special mud pack therapies 26D4
26F0
2717
270D ✍
⛰ \textnoway
2719
271A
271B
271C ✙
\textMountain
✛
✜
✝
2703
270C
2704
\textXSolidBrush
✚
\textWritingHand\textPlusOutline
✕
\textPlus \textScissorRightBrokenTop
2711
2713
2714
2715 ✓
\textPeace
✖
\textXSolid
\textPlusCenterOpen
NEUTER
\textNibRigh
2712 ✔ \textNibSoli
\textCheckma
NO ENTRY
MOUNTAIN
BALLOT
WRITING XHA
2707 ✇ 271D
271E ✞
⚹
\textTape
26C5
270F
2702 ⛆
⛔
\textCross
\textPUuncrfemale
26B9
26BD ✏
⛅
✂⚽ ✁
\texthexstar
✈ 2716
\textSoccerBall
2701 ✐
✉
✃
\textSunCload
\textPencilRight
2708 ✌
\textXSolidB
✑
\textPlane
\textScissorRight
Wellness Romania Magnetic therapy and laser therapy 26F0
26FA
2719
270E ⛰
✙
✎
⛺ 26C6
26D4
\textMountain
✚
\textTent 2710
2709
2703
270C
2704
270D
2706
\textPlusOutline
✛
271A
271B ✜
✝ ✄
\textRain
✍
✆
\textnoway
\textPlus
✖
\textPencilRightUp
2711
2713
2714
2715 ✒
\textEnvelope
✓
\textPeace
✔
\textWritingHand
✕
TAPE DRIVE
\textNibRigh
2712 \textNibSoli
\textPhoneHandset
\textCheckma
MOUNTAIN
\textXSolid
TENT
26B9 ⚹
✈ 271C
271D
271E
26BD
26C5 ⛅
⛆
✃✞
✟
⚽
\texthexstar
271F ✐
\textPlusCenterOpen
2716
\textCross
\textCrossOutline
✂
\textSoccerBall
✉
\textSunCload ✗
\textXSolidBold
2717
OUTLINED
LOWER
\textXSolidB
SEXTILE
RIGG
2708
26FA
1/3rd of the mineral water and thermal springs of Europe 2701
271A
270F ⛺
✁
✚
✏ \textPlane
26C6
2710
2703
26D4
26F0 ⛔
⛰
\textTent
✛
\textPlus
✜
2702 ✑
✌
✄
\textRain
\textMountain
270D
2706
270E
2707
\textPencilRight
271B
\textScissorRight
\textPencilRightUp
2709 ✍ 2712
2714
\textPlusThinCenterOpen✒
\textEnvelope
270C
2704 ✆
\textnoway
2711 ✎
✇ \textNibRight
✓
\textPeace
✔
\textWritingHand
✕
AIRPLANE
\textNibSoli
\textPhoneHandset
2713
\textTape
✖ \textCheckma
26BD ⚽
✉
271C
271D
271E
271F ⛅✝
✞
✟
✠ 2717
\textSoccerBall
2720 ⛆ ✗
\textCross 2715
\textPlusCenterOpen
2716 ✙
\textXSolidBrush
2719
\textCrossOutline
\textCrossMaltese
\textXSolid
TENT BLAD
\textXSolidB
UPPER
HEAVY
PENCIL
\textPlusOutGRE
Special waters drinks 2709

2701 ✁
✂
✛
✐
26C5
26C6
26D4
2711
2704
26F0
26FA ✑
⛔
✄
\textEnvelope
⛰
⛺ 2703
2712
270D
2706
270E
2707 ✃
\textSunCload
✌
\textRain
✒
✍
✆
\textnoway
\textNibRight
270C ✎
✇
\textMountain
✏
✈
\textTent
✜ \textNibSolidRight
2713 ✔
\textWritingHand
\textPhoneHandset
✕
\textTape
2714
SOCCER
\textScissorHollowRight ✓
\textPeace ENVELOPE
\textCheckma
BAL
2702
271B
2710
⛅ 271D
271E
271F
2720 ✟
✠
✡
270F
2708
\textScissorRight
✝
\textPencilRightUp
271C ✞ \textCross 2715
\textPlusCenterOpen
✙ 2716
2717
2719 ✖
\textPencilRight
\textPlane
✗
✚
\textPlusOutline
\textCrossOutline
271A
\textCrossMaltese
\textXSolid
\textXSolidB
UPPER
BLACK
UPPER
\textPlus
BLAD
SCIS
OPEN CENTR
RIGH
Traditional curative therapies & hundred of years SPA treatments26C5
270C ✌
✂ 26C6
26D4
26F0
2712
2706
26FA ⛆
\textSunCload
2721 ⛔
✒
⛰
⛺
✁✆
\textPeace \textDavidStar
2704 ✄
\textRain
✍
\textnoway
✓
✎
✇
\textMountain SUN
\textNibSolidRight
270D ✏
\textPhoneHandset
2713
270E ✈
\textTent ✔
\textWritingHand
\textCheckmark
✕
BEHIND
2702
2703
271C
2711 ✃
✜
✑ 2701 2707
270F
2708
\textScissorRight
✝ 2710
2709 ✐
✉
\textPlusCenterOpen
271E
271F ✞
\textNibRight
271D ✟
✠ \textCross
✚
\textTape
2714
2716
2717
2719
\textCrossOutline ✖
\textPencilRight
\textPlane
2715 ✗
✙
✛
VICTORY HA
\textCheckma
\textXSolid
\textPencilRightUp
\textEnvelope \textXSolidB
BLACK
\textPlusOut
LOWER
WHITE SCIS
BLA
HEAVY NIB
OPE
26C6
270D ⛆
✍ 2720
2721
26D4
26F0 ⛔
⛰
⛺
✁✡
✢
\textRain
2722 ✓
✇
271A
\textWritingHand\textDavidStar
✆
\textnoway
✎
\textMountain
2706 ✔
✏
\textPlus
\textCrossMaltese
271B
\textFourAsterisk \textPlusThi
\textPhoneHandset RAIN
70 natural spas 2703
2704
271D
2712 ✃
✄
✝
✒ 26FA
2713
2707
2701
2702 ✂ 270E
2714
270F
2708
2710
2709 ✈
\textTent
\textCheckmark
✐
\textTape
✉
✑
✌
✞ 2711
270C
\textCross
✟
\textNibSolidRight
271E ✠ 2716 ✕
\textCheckmarkBold
✖
\textPencilRight
\textPlane
\textScissorRight
2715 ✗
\textEnvelope
✙
\textNibRight
\textPeace
2717
2719 ✚
WRITING HA
\textXSolid
\textPencilRightUp
\textXSolidB
\textPlusOut
LOWER BLA
26D4 ⛔
✎
271F
2720
2721
2722 ⛰✡
✢
✣
\textnoway
2723
26F0 ⛺ ✛
\textCrossOutline
\textDavidStar
\textJackStar
✇
\textMountain
271A
\textCrossMaltese
271B 271C
\textFourAsterisk ✜ \textPlus
WHITE
LATIN
BLACK
\textPlusThinCenterOpen SCIS
CROS
\textPlusCenNIB
270E
2704
2706
271E ✄
✆
✞
✓
26FA
2701
2714
2708
2702
2703 ✁
✂
✃✔
✈
2707
2710
2709
270C
✟ 2712
270D
\textPhoneHandset
\textCrossOpenShadow ✏
\textTent
✕
✐
✉
✒
✍ \textTape
\textCheckmarkBold
270F ✑
\textPlane
✌
\textScissorRight
2715 ✖
\textPencilRight
\textXSolid
✗
\textPencilRightUp
\textEnvelope
2711 2716 ✙
\textNibRight
\textPeace
2717 ✚
\textNibSolidRight
\textWritingHand
NO ENTRY
LOWER
\textXSolidBRIG
Discover Rural Tourism 2713
26F0 ⛰ 2720
2721
2722
2723 ⛺✠
\textCheckmark
271F ✡
✢
✣
✤
\textMountain ✜
\textDavidStar
271C 2719
\textCrossOutline
271A
\textCrossMaltese
271B
\textFourAsterisk
\textJackStar 271D ✛
✝ \textPlusOut
\textPlus
\textPlusCenterOpen
WHITE SCIS
\textPlusThi
TELEPHONE
SHADOWED
CHECK
\textCross MAR
270F ✏
✆
✇
✟
2724
26FA
2701
2709
2703
2704 ✁
✂
✃✕
✉
\textPencilRight
2702
2715 ✄ \textJackStarBold
2708
2710
270C
2712 ✈
\textTent
✐
✖
✑
✌
✒
\textEnvelope
✍
✓
✎ \textPlane
\textScissorRight
\textXSolid ✗
\textPencilRightUp
2716
2711 \textXSolidBold
✙
\textNibRight
\textPeace
2717 ✚
MOUNTAIN
PENCIL
\textXSolidB
\textNibSolidRight
Rediscover the authentic taste of the countryside life 2706
2707
271F
2714 ✔ \textTape
2720
2721
2722
2723 ✡
✢
✣
✤
270D
\textPhoneHandset
✠ 2713
270E
\textCrossOutline
\textCheckmarkBold \textWritingHand
2719
\textCrossMaltese
✝
\textDavidStar271B
271C
\textFourAsterisk
271D
\textJackStar ✛
\textCheckmark
✞
\textCross \textPlusOut
271A ✜ \textPlus
\textPlusThi
TELEPHONE
\textPlusCen
TAPE DRIVE
OUTLINED
HEAVY CHEL
26FA
2710 ⛺
✐ 2724
2725
2701
2702
2703
2716
270C ✁
✃
✄✥
\textTent
✂✖
✌
✆
271E
\textJackStarBold
\textClowerTips
✉
✑
\textScissorRight
\textPencilRightUp
2709 ✗
✒
✍ \textEnvelope
\textXSolidBold
2711 ✓
\textPeace ✙
\textNibRight
\textCrossOp
TENT
Goodies cooked like hundreds of years ago 2707
2708
2720
2715 ✇
✈
✠
✕ 2704
2706
\textTape
✡
\textPlane
\textXSolid
2721
2722 ✣
✤
2717
2712
270D
2714
270F
\textCrossMaltese
✢ ✎
✔
✏
\textDavidStar
✞
\textXSolidBrush
\textPhoneHandset
2713
270E 2719
271A
271B
271C
\textFourAsterisk
271D ✚
\textNibSolidRight
\textWritingHand
✛
\textCheckmark
✜
✝
UPPER RIGH
\textPlusOut
\textPlus
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPencilRight\textPlusThi
\textPlusCen
TAPE DRIVE
\textCross
AIRPLANE
Natural Environment Rural Tourism Romania 2701 ✁
✑ 2723
2724
2725
2702
2703 ✂
✄✥
✦
✗
✍
\textJackStar
271E
\textClowerTips
2726 ✃ \textFourStar
✌
\textScissorRight
✒ ✟
\textJackStarBold
271F
MALTESE
MULTIPLICA
\textCrossOu CR
Traditional field works forgot by modern world 2711
2708
2709
2721
2716 ✈
✉
✡
✖ 2704
2717
270D
2706
2707 ✆
\textNibRight
✇
\textPlane
✢
\textEnvelope
\textDavidStar
✣
270C
2713
270E ✙
✓
✎
\textXSolidBrush
2712 ✔
\textWritingHand
✏
✕
✐
\textTape
2714
270F
2715
2710
\textXSolidBold
2722
\textPeace
271A
271C
\textFourAsterisk ✚
\textNibSolidRight
\textPhoneHandset
2719 \textPlusOutline
✛
\textCheckmark
✜
✝
\textXSolid
✞
UPPER
WHITE BLAD
\textPlus
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPencilRight
271B NIB
\textPlusThi
\textPencilRightUp
\textPlusCen
✂ 27242723
2725
2726 ✃✤
✥
✦
✧ ✟
\textJackStar 271D
271E
\textJackStarBold
271F
\textClowerTips
\textFourStar ✠ \textCross
\textCrossOutline
2720
AIRPLANE
\textCrossOp
ENVELOPE
STAR
HEAVYOF
\textCrossMa DA
MUL
Carefully kept skills sent forward to the next generations 2702
2712
2709
270C
2722
✒
✉
✌
✢
✗
\textScissorRight
2727
2703
2704
2708 ✄✆
✙
✎
✇
\textEnvelope
✣
\textPeace
\textFourStarOpen
\textNibSolidRight
2706
2719
270E
2707 ✈ 270D ✍
✓
✚
✔
✏
\textPlusOutline
2713 ✕
\textTape
271A
2714
270F
2715
2710
2716
2711
\textFourAsterisk ✖
✑
\textPlane \textWritingHand
\textPhoneHandset
✐ ✛
\textCheckmark
\textPlus
✜
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPencilRight
271B ✝
\textXSolid
BLACK
BLACK SCIS
\textPlusThi
\textPencilRightUp
271C ✞
\textXSolidBold
\textNibRight \textPlusCenNIB
2717
2703 ✃ 2724
2725
2726
2727 ✄✤
\textXSolidBrush
2723 ✥
✦
✧
✪ \textJackStar
✠ 271D
271E
\textJackStarBold
271F
\textClowerTips
2720
\textFourStar 2721
\textFourStarOpen
\textScissorRightBrokenTop ✟
✡ \textCross
\textCrossOp
\textCrossMaltese
ENVELOPE
\textCrossOu
VICTORY
\textDavidSt XHA
FOUR TEAR
BALLOT
Simple, healthy, rich tasting life 2713 ✓
✌
✍
✣
272A
2704
2706
270F
2708
2709 ✏✆
✇
✚
✈
\textCheckmark
2707
271A ✉ \textFiveStarOpenCircled
270E
2714
2710 ✎
✔
\textPhoneHandset
✛
✕
✐
\textTape
\textPlus
✖
\textPencilRight
✑
\textPlane
271B
2715 ✗
✒
\textEnvelope
2716 \textPencilRightDown
✜
\textCheckmarkBold LOWER
✝
\textXSolid
\textPencilRightUp
271C ✞
\textXSolidBold
BLA
CHECK MAR
\textPlusCen
270C
270D
2723
2719 ✙
✄
\textPeace
2725
2726
2727 ✤
✦
✧
✪
2711
2717
2712
\textWritingHand
\textJackStar
✥
\textPlusOutline
2724 \textNibRight
271D
\textJackStarBold
✡
\textFourStar
2721 271F
\textClowerTips
2720 ✟
\textXSolidBrush
✢
\textDavidStar
\textFourStarOpen
\textCross
\textNibSolidRight
271E ✠ \textCrossOp
\textCrossOu
VICTORY
\textCrossMa
WRITING
OUTLINED HA
FOUR BALLO G
2704
2714 ✔ 272A
2706
2707
2708
271B
2710 ✫
✆
✈
✛
✐
✉
\textCheckmarkBold
✌ 270F ✜
✖
✑
\textPlane
2722
272B ✇ \textFiveStarCenterOpen
✏
\textPhoneHandset
✕
\textTape \textPencilRight
2715 ✗
\textPencilRightUp ✝
\textXSolid
\textFourAst
WHITE
HEAVY SCIS
Discover the authentic Romania 270D
270E
2724
271A ✍
✎
✤
✚ 2709
270C
\textPlus
2725
2726 ✧
✪
271C
2716
2711
2719
2713
\textJackStarBold
✦ ✒
\textEnvelope
✙
✓
\textPeace
2717
2712
\textWritingHand
✥ \textPlusCenterOpen
271D
271F
\textClowerTips
✢
\textFourStar 2720
2721 ✞
\textXSolidBold
\textNibRight
✟
\textXSolidBrush
✠
\textPlusOutline
\textCheckmark
✡ \textCross
\textNibSolidRight
271E \textCrossOp
\textCrossOu
\textCrossMa
WRITING
\textDavidSt
LOWER
CHE
HA
RIG
2706 ✆
✕ 2727
272A
272B
272C
2707
2708 ✑✫
✬
✇
✈
✉
✜
\textFourStarOpen
2722
\textPhoneHandset
✐
\textTape
✖
\textPlane ✣
\textFourAsterisk
2723 HEAVY
\textJackStaFOU
GRE
Traditions that were carefully kept 2715

270E
270F
2725
271B ✎
✏
✥
✛ 2709
271C
2711
270C
270D ✌
\textXSolid
✍ 2710
2717
2712 ✝
✗
✒
\textEnvelope
✙
\textNibRight
✓
\textPeace
271D ✚
✔
\textWritingHand
2719
2713
✦ 271A
2714
\textPencilRight
\textClowerTips
✧
2726 \textFourStar
\textPencilRightUp
\textPlusCenterOpen
2716 271E
2720 ✞
\textXSolidBold
\textCross
✟
\textXSolidBrush
\textNibSolidRight
✠
\textPlusOutline
\textCheckmark
271F ✡
\textPlus
✢
TELEPHONE
MULTIPLICA
\textCrossOp
\textCrossOu
\textCheckmarkBold
\textCrossMa
2707 ✇
✖
2727
272A
272B
272C ✪
✫
✬
✭
✈
\textTape
272D ✉ 2723 ✣ 2721
\textFourStarOpen
2722
\textFiveStarOpenCircled✤
\textJackStar
2724
\textDavidSt
LOWER
\textFourAst
PENCIL
\textJackSta
RIG
FOUR CENTR
OPEN CLUB
Authenticity Romania Unique places: The Sapanta Merry Cemetry 2716
270F ✏
✐
✦
✜
2708
2709
270C
271D
2712
270D
270E ✒✌
✝
✍
\textXSolidBold
✎ 2711
2717 ✑
\textPlane
✗
\textEnvelope
✞
✙
✓
\textPeace
\textCross
✚
\textWritingHand
271E
2719
2713 ✛
✕ \textNibRight
\textNibSolidRight
✔ ✟
\textXSolidBrush
271A
2714
\textPencilRight
✧ 271F ✠
\textPlusOutline
\textCheckmark
✡
\textPlus
TAPE
HEAVYDRIVE
\textCrossOu
\textCheckmarkBold
2720 \textCrossMaMUL
2710
2726
271C
✈ 272A
272B
272C ✬
✭
✮
271B
2715
\textPencilRightUp
\textFourStar
✪
\textPlusCenterOpen
2727 ✫ 2721
\textFourStarOpen
✤ 2722
2723
2724 ✢
\textXSolid
✣
✥ \textDavidSt
\textFourAst
PENCIL
\textJackSta
\textJackStarBold
2725
UPPER
BLACK RIGH
HEAVY
\textClowerTFOU
OPE
Mocanita, the oldest engine train in Europe 2708
2717 ✗
✐
272D
272E
2709
270C
270D
271E
2713
270E ✏✉
\textPlane
✌
✍
✞
✓
✎
\textXSolidBrush\textFiveStarOutline
2712 ✒
\textEnvelope
✙
\textPeace
✟
✚
✔
\textWritingHand
\textCheckmark
271F
271A ✕ \textNibSolidRight
2719 ✛
\textPencilRightDown ✠
\textPlusOutline
\textCrossOutline
✡
\textPlus
AIRPLANE
2710
2711
2727
271D ✑
✧
✝ 270F
\textNibRight 2714
271B
2715
\textPencilRightUp
✪ 271C
2716
\textFourStarOpen
272B
272C ✫
\textCross
272A ✬
✭ ✜
✖
\textPencilRight
✥
\textCheckmarkBold
2720
2722
2723
2724
\textFiveStarOpenDotted ✢
\textXSolid
2721 ✣
✤
✦
BALLOT X
\textCrossMa
\textDavidSt
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textXSolidBold \textFourAst
\textJackSta
UPPER
WHITE RIGH
NIB
FOUR
LATIN CROS
2709
A country were nature and traditions are truly respected 2719 ✉
✙ 272D
272E
270C
270D ✏✮
✯
✌
\textEnvelope
272F ✍
✎
✟
✔
2725
\textPlusOutline ✓
\textPeace
✚
\textWritingHand
2713 ✠
✛
\textClowerTips
2726
\textFiveStarConvex
\textCheckmark
\textFourSta
ENVELOPE
2711
2712
272A
271E ✑
✒
✪
✞ 270E
271F
2714
270F
2710 ✐
\textNibRight
✫ 2720
271B
2715
271C
2716
271D
2717
\textNibSolidRight
✬
272B ✭ ✕
\textCrossOutline
271A ✜
✖
\textPencilRight
✝
✗ 2722
2723
2724 ✡
\textPlus
\textCheckmarkBold
\textCrossMaltese
\textPencilRightUp
2721 ✢
\textXSolid
✣
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textXSolidBold
✤
\textCross
\textXSolidBrush
✥
OUTLINED G
\textDavidSt
\textFourAst
\textJackSta
WHITE NIB
270C ✌
✚
272C
272D
272E
272F ✰✮
✯
✍
\textPeace
2730
270D ✎ ✦
2725
2726 ✧
\textFourStar
2727
\textFiveStarConvex
\textFiveStarShadow
✔
\textWritingHand
\textClowerT
BLACK
CIRCLED
\textFourSta
NIB
SHADOWED WH
Choose your favourite circuit in Romania 271A

2712
2713
272B ✒
✓
✫
✟
270E
2720
2715
2710
2711 ✏
✑✠
✕
✐
\textPlus
270F
✬
\textCheckmark2714
271C
2716
2717
\textNibSolidRight
271E
2719
\textFiveStarCenterOpen ✛
✡
✜
✖
\textPencilRight
✞
✙
\textNibRight
271D \textCheckmarkBold
\textCrossMaltese
271B ✝
\textXSolid
✗
\textPencilRightUp
2721 ✢
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textXSolidBold
2722 ✤
\textCross
\textXSolidBrush
2723 ✥
VICTORY
\textDavidStar
✣ HEAVY GRE
\textFourAst
\textJackSta
\textPlusOutline
HA
271F
270D ✍ 272C
272D
272E
272F
2730 ✰✭
\textCrossOutline
✮
✯
✱
✎
\textWritingHand ✧ 2724
2725
2726
\textFiveStarConvex
272A
\textFiveStarShadow ✦
✪
2727 \textClowerT
\textFourStarOpen
BLACK
\textFourSta
CHECK NIB
MAR
OPEN CENTR
OUTLINED
\textFiveSta L
271B ✛
✓
✔
✬
2731
270E
270F
2716
2711
2712 ✏
✑✐
✡
✖ \textAsteriskBold
2710
2721 ✒ 2715
271C
2717 ✕
✜
\textPencilRight
✢
✝
✗
✞
\textXSolidBold
✙
\textNibRight
2722
271D ✟
✚ \textXSolid
\textPencilRightUp
\textDavidStar ✣
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textFourAsterisk
✤
\textCross
\textXSolidBrush
\textNibSolidRight
271E 2723 ✥
WRITING HA
OPEN CENTR
\textJackSta
2713
Discover the land in the heart of the Carpathians: Transylvania circuit
2714
272C
2720 ✠
✎
\textCheckmark
272E
272F
2730 ✰✭
✯
✱
2719
271F
271A
\textCheckmarkBold
✮
\textCrossMaltese
272D \textPlusOutline
2724
✪ 2726 ✦
\textCrossOutline
\textPlus
2725 ✧
2727
\textFiveStarConvex
272A ✫ \textClowerT
\textFourSta
CHECK
HEAVY
MALTESE
\textFiveStarShadow
MAR
CHE
BLACK CEN CR
Culture, History & Art 270E
271C ✜ 2731
2732
270F
2710
2711
2722
2717 ✏
✑
✒✲
✢
✗
✓
272B
\textAsteriskBold
✐ \textAsteriskCenterOpen
✖
\textPencilRight
✝
\textPencilRightUp
\textPlusCenterOpen
2716 ✣
✞
✙
\textNibRight \textXSolidBold
\textFourAsterisk
271D ✟
\textXSolidBrush ✤
\textCross
\textFiveSta
LOWER RIG
Sibiu: European Cultural Capital in 2007 2714
2715
272D
2721 ✔
✕
✭
✡ 2712
2713
\textXSolid
\textDavidStar
272E
272F ✰✱
2723
271E
2719
2720
271B
✯ ✚
\textNibSolidRight
✠
✛
\textCheckmark
271F
271A
\textCheckmarkBold
✮ \textJackStar
2724
2725
2726 ✥
\textPlusOutline
✦
✧
✪
✫ 2727
\textFiveStarConvex
272A
HEAVY OPE
\textJackSta
\textCrossOutline
\textPlus \textClowerT
\textCrossMaltese
\textFourSta
HEAVYOFCHE
\textFiveSta
MULTIPLICA
270F ✏
✝ 2730
2731
2732 ✲
✴
✐
\textPencilRight
2734
2710
2711 ✑
✒✣
✙
\textFiveStarShadow
272B
\textEightStarTaper
✗
\textPencilRightUp
✞
\textNibRight ✬ OUTLINED
STAR
\textAsteriskBold
272C \textFiveSta DAB
Cluj Napoca: the largest university center in Romania 271D
2715
2716
272E
2722 ✕
✖
✮
✢ 2712
2723
2719
2713
2714 ✓
\textCross
✔
\textXSolid
✯ 2717
2724
271F
271A ✤
✟
✚
✠
\textPlusOutline
✛
\textCheckmark
✡
✜ \textXSolidBrush
\textNibSolidRight
\textJackStar
271E
\textCheckmarkBold
2720
271B
2721
271C
\textXSolidBold
✰
\textFourAsterisk
272F 2725
2727
\textFiveStarConvex ✥
\textJackStarBold
✦
\textCrossOutline
\textPlus
✧
\textCrossMaltese
✪
\textDavidStar
✫
PENCIL
LATIN CROS
\textClowerT
2726 \textFourSta
\textPlusCenterOpen
✐ 2730
2731
2732
2734 ✑✱
✲
✴
✵ ✬ 272A
\textFiveStarShadow
272B
\textAsteriskBold
272C ✭ \textFiveSta
MULTIPLICA
HEAVY
FOUR
272D
\textEightStarTaper
MUL
OUT
TEAR
\textFiveSta
The Black church in Brasov: the symbol of Gothic architecture 2710
271E
2716 ✞
✖
✗
✯
✣
\textPencilRightUp
2735
2711
2712
271A
2714
2715 ✒✓
✤
✚
✔ \textEightStarConvex
2713
2724 ✕ 2719
2720
271B ✙
\textNibRight
✟
\textNibSolidRight
✥
✠
✛
\textCheckmark
✡
\textPlus
✜ \textPlusOutline
\textJackStarBold
271F
\textCheckmarkBold
2725 ✢
✝
\textXSolid
2721
271C
\textXSolidBold
✰ ✦
\textCrossOutline
\textClowerTips
2726 ✧
\textCrossMaltese
UPPER
✪
\textDavidStar
\textPlusCenterOpen
2727
RIGH
SHADOWED
\textFourSta
Tours Romania 2717
272F
2723
✑ \textJackStar
2730
2731
2732
2734 ✲
✴
✵
2722
271D
\textXSolidBrush
\textFiveStarConvex
✱ 272A
\textFiveStarShadow
✭ 272B
\textAsteriskBold
272C
272D ✫
\textFourAsterisk
\textCross
✬
✮ \textFiveSta
HEAVY
\textFiveSta
\textEightStarTaper
272E
BALLOT MUL
PINWHEEL
FOUR X S
BALLO
\textFiveSta
2711
Saxon settlements with fortified churches dating from the 13th century
271F ✟
✗
2735
2712
2713
2714
2725
271B
2715 ✒
\textNibRight
✓
✔
✥
✛
✕
✖
\textCrossOutline
271A
2726
2721 ✚
\textNibSolidRight
✠
\textCheckmark
✦
✡
✜
\textClowerTips
2720 ✢ \textPlus
\textCheckmarkBold
✝
\textXSolid ✧
\textCrossMaltese
\textFourStar
✪
\textDavidStar
WHITE NIB L
2717
2719
2730
2724 ✙
✰
✤ 2716 271C
2722
271D
\textXSolidBrush
✱ 2723
271E
\textPlusOutline
\textFiveStarShadow
2732
2734 ✲
\textJackStarBold
2731 ✴
✵ ✣
✞
\textXSolidBold
✮
\textPlusCenterOpen
2727
272B
\textAsteriskBold
272C
272D
\textEightStarTaper
272E ✫
\textCross
272A ✬
\textJackStar
✭
✯
OUTLINED
\textFourSta
\textFourAsterisk
\textFiveSta
\textFiveSta
BALLOT
OUTLINED
SHADOWED
HEAVY
X G
FOU
2712
The Hunyad Castle unique French architecture for this part of Europe
2720 ✒
✠ 2735
2713
2714
2715
2726 ✓
✕
✦
✜
✖
✗
\textNibSolidRight
✔ ✛
\textCheckmark
✡ 272F
\textCheckmarkBold
\textCrossMaltese
271B ✧
✢
✝
\textXSolid
\textFourStar
2721
\textFiveSta
BLACK
✪
\textDavidStar NIBCR
2719
271A
2731
2725 ✙
✚
✱
✥ 271C
2716
2717 2727
2722
271D
2723
271E
\textPlusOutline
✲
\textPlus 2724
271F
\textAsteriskBold
✴
\textClowerTips
2732
2734 ✵ ✣
\textPlusCenterOpen
✞
\textXSolidBold
✤
✟
\textXSolidBrush\textFourStarOpen
272A
272B
✯ 272D
\textEightStarTaper
272E ✫
\textFourAsterisk
\textCross
✬
\textJackStar
✭
\textJackStarBold
\textCrossOutline
272C ✮
MALTESE
\textFiveSta
\textFiveSta
OUTLINED
\textFiveSta
HEAVY GRE G
Find more wonderful experiences in the Top Romania circuits 2713 ✓
✡ 2735 ✔
\textCheckmark
2714
2715 ✕
✖
✧
✝
272F
✜
\textCheckmarkBold
✢
\textXSolid ✰
\textFiveStarConvex
2730 FOUR
\textFiveStaASTE
CLUB
46
2721
271A
271B
2732
2726 ✚
✛
✲
✦ 2716
2727
271D
2717
2719 ✗
\textDavidStar
✙
\textPlus
✴
\textFourStar
2734
271C
2723
271E ✪
✣
✞
\textXSolidBold
✤
\textCross
✟
\textXSolidBrush
272A ✥
✠
\textPlusOutline
2724
271F
2725
2720
✵
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textFourStarOpen
2722 272B ✫
\textFourAsterisk
✭
\textClowerTips
CHECK
✬
\textJackStar
\textCrossOpenShadow STAR OF
\textFiveSta
\textJackStarBold
\textCrossOutline
272C ✮
\textCrossMaltese
272D
\textEightStarTaper
272E ✯ \textFiveSta
HEAVY
MAR
DA
GRE
2714 ✔
✢
2735
✕ 2730
\textCheckmarkBold
2715 ✖ ✰
✝
\textXSolid
272F
2731 ✱ \textFiveSta
\textFiveStarShadow OPEN
BLACKCENTR
\textAsterisFOU
46
2722
271B
271C
2734 ✛
✜
✴
✧
2716
272A
271E
2719
271A ✗
✪
✞
✙
\textFourAsterisk
2717 ✚
✵ 271D
2724
271F
2720
2726
2721
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textEightStarTaper ✣
\textXSolidBold
✫
✤
✟
\textXSolidBrush
✦
✡
\textPlus
2725 \textCross
2723 ✥
✠
\textPlusOutline
272B ✬
\textJackStar
\textJackStarBold
\textCrossOutline
272C ✮
\textClowerTips
\textCrossMaltese
272D ✯
\textFourStar
\textDavidStar
272E
HEAVY
✭
CHE
FOUR TEAR
\textFiveSta
\textFiveSta
2727
2715 ✕ \textFourStarOpen
2735
✖
\textXSolid
2731 ✱ 272F
2730 ✰
✲
\textAsteriskBold
2732
OPEN CENTR
\textFiveSta
HEAVY
EIGHT
WHITE OPE
POIN
FOUR
46
\textAsteris
2723 ✣
✜
✝
✵
2716
2717
271F
271A
271B ✗
✙
✫
✟
✚
\textJackStar
2719
272B ✛ 271E
2720
2726 ✞
\textXSolidBold
✤
\textXSolidBrush
✬
✥
✠
\textPlusOutline
✦
\textPlus
272C
2725 ✧
✢ \textCrossOpenShadow
2724 ✭
\textJackStarBold
\textCrossOutline
✡
MULTIPLICA
✮
\textClowerTips
\textCrossMaltese
272D ✯
\textFourStar FOUR BALLO
\textFiveSta
271C
271D
2735
272A ✪
✖
\textCross 2721
\textPlusCenterOpen
2727
2722
2732 ✲ \textDavidStar
272E
2730
2731 ✰
\textFourStarOpen
\textFourAsterisk
272F ✱
✴ \textFiveSta
HEAVY
\textAsteris
LATIN
2734
OPE
EIGHT CROS
POIN
46
CIRCLED
\textEightSt WH
2716
2724 ✤
✝ 2717
2719
271A
272C
2720
271B ✗
\textXSolidBold
✙
✚
✬
✠
✛
✜ ✟
\textXSolidBrush
✥
\textPlusOutline
\textJackStarBold
271F ✭
✦
✡
\textPlus \textCrossOutline
2725 ✧
\textCrossMaltese
272D
2726 ✢
\textPlusThinCenterOpen ✮
\textClowerTips
✯
\textFourStar
HEAVY
HEAVY MUL
271D
271E
272B ✞
✫ 271C
\textCross 2721
2727
2722
272A
2723
2734 ✪
✣
✴
\textDavidStar
\textPlusCenterOpen
272E ✰ \textFiveSta
\textFourStarOpen
\textFourAsterisk
272F ✱
\textJackStar
2730
2731
2732 ✲
✵ \textFiveSta
\textAsteris
\textEightStarTaper
LATIN
FOU
CROS
46X
SHADOWED
OPEN CENTR
2717
2725 ✗
✥ 2719
271A
271B
272D ✙
\textXSolidBrush
✚
✛
✭
✡
✜
\textClowerTips
✝ 2720 ✠
✮
✧
✢
2735
\textPlusOutline
✦
\textPlus \textEightSt
\textCrossMaltese
2726 ✯
\textFourStar BALLOT
271E
271F
272C ✞
✟
✬ 2721
271C
271D 272E
2727
2722
272A
2723
272B
2724
\textCrossOutline
2735
✪
\textDavidStar
✣
\textPlusCenterOpen
✫
✤
\textCross
✵
✰
\textFourStarOpen
\textFourAsterisk
272F ✱
\textJackStar
2730
2732
2734 ✲
FOUR CLUB
\textFiveSta
\textJackStarBold
2731 ✴ \textAsteris
BLACK46
SHADOWED
\textEightSt
\textEightStarConvex OUTLINED
CENL
2719
2726 ✙
✦ 271A
271B ✚
\textPlusOutline
✛
✜
✮
✢
✝
\textFourStar
271C
272E ✞ 2721 ✡
\textPlus
✧
✯
✪
✣ \textDavidStar
\textPlusCenterOpen
2727 ✰
\textFourStarOpen OUTLINED
BLACK FOUG
271F
2720
272D ✟
✠
✭ 2722
271D
271E 272F
272A
2723
272B
2724
\textCrossOutline
272C
2725
\textCrossMaltese
\textFiveStarOutline ✫
\textFourAsterisk
✤
\textCross
✬
✥ \textFiveStarConvex
✱
\textJackStar
2730 ✲46 \textFiveSta
\textJackStarBold
2731
2732
2734
2735 ✴
✵ \textAsteris
\textClowerTips \textEightSt
OUTLINED
MALTESE
OUTLINEDCR L
B
271A ✚ \textPlus HEAVY GRE
26B9 ⚹
✄
⛰ 26BD
26C5
26C6 ⛅
⛆
⛔⚽
\texthexstar \textSoccerBall
\textSunCload
\textRain SEXTILE
2704
26F0
2706
26FA
2701 ✆
⛺
✁ 26D4
\textMountain \textnoway
\textPhoneHandset
\textTent
✂
2702 \textScissorRight
2703 ✃ WHITE SCIS
MOUNTAIN
TELEPHONE
TENT
\textScissor
UPPER BLAD
26BD ⚽
✆
⛺ 26C5
26C6
26D4 ⛅
\textSoccerBall
⛆
⛔
⛰ \textSunCload
\textRain
\textnoway SOCCER BAL
2706
26FA
2707
2701
2702 ✇
✁
✂ 26F0
\textTent
\textTape \textMountain
\textPhoneHandset
✃
\textScissorRight
2703 2704 ✄
\textScissorRightBrokenTop TELEPHONE
TENT
TAPE
UPPERDRIVE
BLAD
\textScissor
BLACK SCIS
26C5 ⛅
✇
✁ 26C6
26D4
26F0 ⛆
\textSunCload
⛔
⛰
⛺ \textRain
\textnoway
\textMountain SUN BEHIND
2707
2701
2708
2702
2703 ✈
✂
✃ 26FA
\textTape \textTent
\textPlane
\textScissorRight
✄
2704 \textScissorHollowRight
2706 ✆ TAPE
UPPERDRIVE
BLAD
AIRPLANE
BLACK
\textPhoneHa
LOWER SCIS
BLA
26C6 ⛆
✈
✂ 26D4
26F0
26FA ⛔
\textRain
⛰
⛺✁ \textnoway
\textMountain
\textTent RAIN
2708
2702
2709
2703
2704 ✉
✃
✄ 2701
\textPlane \textScissorRightBrokenBottom
\textScissorRight
\textEnvelope
✆
2706 \textPhoneHandset
2707 ✇ AIRPLANE
BLACK SCIS
ENVELOPE
LOWER
\textTape
WHITE BLA
SCIS
26D4 ⛔
✉
✃ 26F0
26FA
2701 ⛰
\textnoway
⛺✁
✂ \textMountain
\textTent
\textScissorRightBrokenBottom NO ENTRY
Sustainability 2021, 13, 67 2709
2703
270C
2704
2706 ✌
✄
✆ 2702
\textEnvelope \textScissorRight
\textPeace
✇
\textPhoneHandset
2707 \textTape 2708 ✈ 15 of\textPlane
23 ENVELOPE
LOWER
VICTORY
WHITE BLA
TELEPHONEHA
SCIS
26F0 ⛰
✌
✄ 26FA
2701
2702 ⛺
\textMountain
✁
✂
✃ \textTent
\textScissorRight MOUNTAIN
270C
2704
270D
2706
2707 ✍
✆
✇ 2703
\textPeace
\textTape
2708 \textScissorRightBrokenTop
\textWritingHand
\textPhoneHandset
✈ \textPlane 2709 ✉ VICTORY
WHITE SCIS
WRITING
TELEPHONE
\textEnvelop
TAPE HA
DRIVE
26FA ⛺
✍
✆ 2701
2702
2703 ✄✁
\textTent
✂
✃ \textScissorRightBrokenBottom
\textScissorRight
\textScissorRightBrokenTop TENT
270D
2706
270E
2707
2708 ✎
✇
✈ 2704
\textPlane
2709 \textScissorHollowRight
\textWritingHand
\textPhoneHandset
\textTape
✉ \textEnvelope 270C ✌ WRITING
TELEPHONE
LOWER
TAPE
\textPeace HA
RIG
DRIVE
AIRPLANE
2701 ✁
✎
✇ 2702
2703
2704 ✄✂
✃
✆ \textScissorRight
\textScissorHollowRight UPPER BLAD
270E
2707
270F
2708
2709 ✏
✈
✉ 2706
\textTape
\textEnvelope
270C \textPhoneHandset
\textPencilRight
\textPlane
✌ \textPeace 270D ✍ LOWER
TAPE
PENCIL RIG
DRIVE
AIRPLANE
\textWriting
ENVELOPE
2702 ✂
✏
✈ 2703
2704
2706 ✄✃
\textScissorRight
✆
✇ \textScissorRightBrokenTop
\textPhoneHandset BLACK SCIS
Table 3. Cont. 270F
2708
2710
2709
270C ✐
✉
✌ 2707
\textPlane
270D ✍
\textPeace \textTape
\textPencilRight
\textPencilRightUp
\textEnvelope \textWritingHand
270E ✎ PENCILRIGH
AIRPLANE
UPPER
ENVELOPE
\textPencilR
VICTORY HA
2703 ✃
✐
✉ 2704
2706
2707 ✄
✆
✇
✈ \textScissorHollowRight
\textPhoneHandset
\textTape LOWER BLA
2710
2709
2711
270C
270D ✑
✌
✍ 2708
\textEnvelope
\textNibRight
\textPeace
✎ \textPlane
\textPencilRightUp
\textWritingHand
270E \textPencilRightDown
270F ✏ UPPER
WHITE RIGH
ENVELOPE
NIB
VICTORY
\textPencilR
WRITING HA
Main Themes TV Spot Videos Descriptions (N = 47) 2704 ✄
Play
✑
✌ 2706
2707
2708 ✆
✇
✈
Aesthetics
✉ \textPhoneHandset
Ethics
\textTape
\textPlane Spirituality WHITE SCIS
2711
270C
2712
270D
270E ✒
✍
✎ 2709
\textNibRight
\textPeace \textEnvelope
\textNibSolidRight
\textWritingHand
✏
270F \textPencilRight
2710 ✐ WHITE
BLACK NIB
VICTORY
WRITING
\textPencilR
LOWER NIB
HA
RIG
2706 ✆
✒
✍ 2707
2708
2709 ✇
\textPhoneHandset
✈
✉
✌ \textTape
\textPlane
\textEnvelope TELEPHONE
Discover Romania, discover adventure 2712
270D
2713
270E
270F ✓
✎
✏ 270C \textPeace
\textNibSolidRight
\textWritingHand
\textCheckmark
✐
\textPencilRight
2711 ✑ BLACK
WRITING
CHECK
LOWER
\textNibRigh
PENCIL NIB
HA
MAR
RIG
Leisure & Recreation Adventure Romania 2707 ✇
✓
✎ 2709
270C ✈
\textTape
2708 ✉
✌
✍ \textPlane
\textEnvelope
\textPeace TAPE DRIVE
2713
Multiple intense experiences: biking, skydiving, winter sports 270E
2714
270F
2710 ✔
✏
✐ 270D
\textCheckmark \textWritingHand
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPencilRight
✑
\textPencilRightUp
2711 \textNibRight 2712 ✒ CHECK
LOWER
HEAVY
PENCIL
\textNibSoli
UPPER MAR
RIG
CHE
RIGH
2708 ✈
✔
✏ 2709
270C
270D ✉
\textPlane
✌
✍
✎ \textEnvelope
\textPeace
\textWritingHand AIRPLANE
City break: discover the Romanian Cities 2714
270F
2715
2710
2711 ✕
✐
✑ 270E
\textNibRight
2712 \textPencilRightDown
\textCheckmarkBold
\textPencilRight
\textXSolid
\textPencilRightUp
✒ \textNibSolidRight
2713 ✓ HEAVY
PENCIL CHE
MULTIPLICA
UPPER RIGH
\textCheckma
WHITE NIB
2709 ✉
✕
✐ 270C
270D
270E ✌
\textEnvelope
✍
✎
✏ \textPeace
\textWritingHand
\textPencilRightDown ENVELOPE
Hundreds of years of old churches and Palace of Lords 2715
2710
2716
2711
2712 ✖
✑
✒ 270F
\textXSolid \textPencilRight
\textPencilRightUp
\textXSolidBold
\textNibRight
✓
\textNibSolidRight
2713 \textCheckmark2714 ✔ MULTIPLICA
UPPER
HEAVY
WHITE
BLACK RIGH
MUL
NIB
\textCheckmaNIB
270C ✌
✖
✑ 270D
270E
270F ✍
\textPeace
✎
✏
✐ \textWritingHand
\textPencilRight VICTORY HA
Cultural Capitals 2716
2711
2717
2712
2713 ✗
✒
✓ 2710
\textXSolidBold
\textNibRight
\textCheckmark
\textXSolidBrush
\textNibSolidRight
✔ \textCheckmarkBold
2715 ✕ HEAVY
WHITE
BLACK
\textXSolid
CHECK MUL
BALLOTNIB
X
NIB
MAR
270D ✍
✗
✒ 270E
270F
2710 ✎
\textWritingHand
✏
✐
✑ \textPencilRightDown
\textPencilRight
\textPencilRightUp WRITING HA
Concerts of the best bands in the world 2717
2712
2719
2713
2714 ✙
✓
✔ 2711 \textNibRight
\textXSolidBrush
\textNibSolidRight
\textPlusOutline
\textCheckmark
✕
\textCheckmarkBold
2715 \textXSolid 2716 ✖ BALLOTNIB
BLACK
OUTLINED
CHECK
\textXSolidB
HEAVY X G
MAR
CHE
270E ✎
✙
✓ 270F
2710
2711 ✏
✐
✑
✒ \textPencilRight
\textPencilRightUp
\textNibRight LOWER RIG
Atmosphere of the Place City Breaks Romania
Intense night life 2719
2713
271A
2714
2715 ✚
✔
✕ 2712
\textCheckmark
\textPlus
\textXSolid
2716 \textNibSolidRight
\textPlusOutline
\textCheckmarkBold
✖ \textXSolidBold
2717 ✗ OUTLINED
CHECK
HEAVY
\textXSolidBGREG
MAR
CHE
MULTIPLICA
270F ✏
✚
✔ 2710
2711
2712 ✐
\textPencilRight
✑
✒
✓ \textPencilRightUp
\textNibRight
\textNibSolidRight PENCIL
Fortresses listed in the UNESCO world heritage 271A
2714
271B
2715
2716 ✛
✕
✖ 2713
\textPlus
2717 ✗
\textXSolidBold\textCheckmark
\textCheckmarkBold
\textXSolid \textXSolidBrush
2719 ✙ HEAVY GRE
CHE
OPEN CENTR
MULTIPLICA
\textPlusOut
HEAVY MUL
2710
Palace of Parliament: 2nd largest administrative building in the world ✐
✛
✕ 2711
2712
2713 ✑
\textPencilRightUp
✒
✓
✔ \textNibRight
\textNibSolidRight
\textCheckmark UPPER RIGH
271B
2715
271C
2716
2717 ✜
✖
✗ 2714
\textXSolid \textCheckmarkBold
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textXSolidBold
✙
\textXSolidBrush
2719 \textPlusOutline
271A ✚ OPEN CENTR
MULTIPLICA
HEAVY
\textPlus
BALLOT OPE
MUL
X
European historical landmarks: the Arch of Triumph 2711 ✑
✜
✖ 2712
2713
2714 ✒
\textNibRight
✓
✔
✕ \textNibSolidRight
\textCheckmark
\textCheckmarkBold WHITE NIB
271C
2716
271D
2717
2719 ✝
✗
✙ 2715
\textXSolidBold
\textCross \textXSolid
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textXSolidBrush
✚
\textPlusOutline
271A \textPlus 271B ✛ HEAVY OPE
MUL
LATIN CROS
BALLOT
\textPlusThi
OUTLINEDX G
Vast parks and botanical gardens 2712 ✒
✝
✗ 2713
2714
2715 ✓
\textNibSolidRight
✔
✕
✖ \textCheckmark
\textCheckmarkBold
\textXSolid BLACK NIB
271D
2717
271E
2719
271A ✞
✙
✚ 2716
\textCross
\textPlus
271B \textXSolidBold
\textXSolidBrush
\textPlusOutline
✛ \textPlusThinCenterOpen
271C ✜ LATIN
BALLOTCROS
SHADOWED
OUTLINED
\textPlusCen
HEAVY X G
GRE
Romania´s cities: rich experiences and tastes 2713 ✓
✞
✙ 2714
2715
2716 ✔
\textCheckmark
✕
✖
✗ \textCheckmarkBold
\textXSolid
\textXSolidBold CHECK MAR
271E
2719
271F
271A
271B ✟
✚
✛ 2717 \textXSolidBrush
\textPlusOutline
\textCrossOutline
\textPlus
✜
271C \textPlusCenterOpen
271D ✝ SHADOWED
OUTLINED
HEAVY
\textCross
OPEN GREG
CENTR L
2714 ✔
✟
✚ 2715
2716
2717 ✕
\textCheckmarkBold
✖
✗
✙ \textXSolid
\textXSolidBold
\textXSolidBrush HEAVY CHE
Number & percentage of videos descriptions per Holbrook´s classification
271F
271A
2720
271B
271C ✠
✛
12
✜ 2719 18 \textPlusOutline
\textCrossOutline
\textPlus
\textCrossMaltese
✝
\textPlusCenterOpen
271D 10
\textCross 271E
7
✞ OUTLINED
HEAVY
MALTESE
OPEN
\textCrossOp
HEAVY GRE
CR
CENTR
OPE L
2715 ✕
✠
✛
25.5% 2716
2717
2719 ✖
\textXSolid
✗
✙
✚
38.2% \textXSolidBold
\textXSolidBrush
\textPlusOutline
21.2% 14.8% MULTIPLICA
2720
271B
2721
271C
271D ✡
✜
✝ 271A
\textDavidStar
271E \textPlus
\textCrossMaltese
\textPlusCenterOpen
✞
\textCross \textCrossOpenShadow
271F ✟ MALTESE
OPEN
STAR
HEAVYOF
\textCrossOu
LATIN CR
CENTR
DA
OPE
CROS
2716 ✖
✡
✜ 2717
2719
271A ✗
\textXSolidBold
✙
✚
✛ \textXSolidBrush
\textPlusOutline
\textPlus HEAVY MUL
Source: Author’s elaboration from webQDA outputs. 2721
271C
2722
271D
271E ✢
✝
✞ 271B
\textDavidStar \textPlusThinCenterOpen
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textFourAsterisk
\textCross
✟
271F \textCrossOutline
2720 ✠ STAR
FOUR OF
HEAVY
LATIN DA
OPE
TEAR
CROS
\textCrossMa
SHADOWED
2717 ✗
✢
✝ 2719
271A
271B ✙
\textXSolidBrush
✚
✛
✜ \textPlusOutline
\textPlus
\textPlusThinCenterOpen BALLOT X
2722
271D
2723
271E
271F ✣
✞
✟ 271C
\textCross
\textJackStar
2720 ✠ \textPlusCenterOpen
\textFourAsterisk
\textCrossOutline
\textCrossMaltese
2721 ✡ FOUR TEAR
LATIN CROSL
BALLO
SHADOWED
\textDavidSt
OUTLINED
2719 ✙
✣
✞ 271A
271B
271C ✚
\textPlusOutline
✛
✜
✝ \textPlus
\textPlusCenterOpen OUTLINED G
2723
271E
2724
271F
2720 ✤
✟
✠ 271D
\textJackStar \textCross
\textJackStarBold
\textCrossOutline
✡
\textCrossMaltese
2721 \textDavidStar2722 ✢ FOUR
HEAVYBALLO
SHADOWED
\textFourAst
MALTESEFOU
OUTLINED CRL
271A ✚
✤
✟ 271B
271C
271D ✛
\textPlus
✜
✝
✞ \textPlusThinCenterOpen
\textPlusCenterOpen
\textCross HEAVY GRE
2724
271F
2725
2720
2721 ✥
✠
✡ 271E
\textDavidStar
2722 \textCrossOpenShadow
\textJackStarBold
\textCrossOutline
\textClowerTips
\textCrossMaltese
✢ \textFourAsterisk
2723 ✣ HEAVY
FOUR OFFOU
OUTLINED
CLUB
MALTESE
\textJackSta
STAR CR
DA L
271B ✛
✥
✠ 271C
271D
271E ✜
✝
✞
✟ \textPlusCenterOpen
\textCross
\textCrossOpenShadow OPEN CENTR
2725
2720
2726
2721
2722 ✦
✡
✢ 271F
\textClowerTips\textCrossOutline
\textCrossMaltese
\textFourStar
\textDavidStar
✣
\textFourAsterisk
2723 \textJackStar 2724 ✤ FOUR
BLACK
STAR CLUB
MALTESE
OF
\textJackSta
FOUR CR
FOU
DA
TEAR
271C ✜
✦
✡ 271D
271E
271F ✝
\textPlusCenterOpen
✞
✟
✠ \textCross
\textCrossOutline HEAVY OPE
2726
2721
2727
2722
2723 ✧
✢
✣ 2720
\textFourStar
\textDavidStar
\textJackStar
2724 \textCrossMaltese
\textFourStarOpen
\textFourAsterisk
✤ \textJackStarBold
2725 ✥ BLACK
STAR
WHITEOF
FOUR FOU
DA
FOUR
TEAR
\textClowerT
BALLO
271D ✝
✧
✢ 271E
271F
2720 ✞
\textCross
✟
✠
✡ \textCrossOpenShadow
\textCrossOutline
\textCrossMaltese LATIN CROS
2727
2722
272A
2723
2724 ✪
✣
✤ 2721 \textDavidStar
\textFourStarOpen
\textFourAsterisk
\textJackStar
✥
\textJackStarBold
2725 \textClowerTips
2726 ✦ WHITE
FOUR FOUR
TEAR
CIRCLED
\textFourSta
HEAVY WH
BALLO
FOU
271E ✞
✪
✣ 271F
2720
2721 ✟
✠
✡
✢ \textCrossOutline
\textCrossMaltese
\textDavidStar SHADOWED
272A
2723
272B
2724
2725 ✫
✤
✥ 2722
\textJackStar
\textClowerTips
2726 \textFourAsterisk
\textJackStarBold
✦ \textFourStar 2727 ✧ CIRCLED
FOUR WH
BALLO
OPEN CENTR
HEAVY
\textFourSta
FOUR FOU
CLUB
271F ✟
✫
✤ 2720
2721
2722 ✠
\textCrossOutline
✡
✢
✣ \textCrossMaltese
\textDavidStar
\textFourAsterisk OUTLINED L
272B
2724
272C
2725
2726 ✬
✥
✦ 2723
\textFourStar
2727 \textJackStar
\textJackStarBold
\textClowerTips
✧ \textFourStarOpen
272A ✪ OPEN
BLACKCENTR
HEAVY
FOUR
\textFiveSta
BLACK FOU
CEN
CLUB
FOU
2720 ✠
✬
✥ 2721
2722
2723 ✡
\textCrossMaltese
✢
✣
✤ \textDavidStar
\textFourAsterisk
\textJackStar MALTESE CR
272C
2725
272D
2726
2727 ✭
✦
✧ 2724
\textClowerTips\textJackStarBold
\textFourStar
✪
\textFourStarOpen
272A \textFiveStarOpenCircled
272B ✫ BLACKCLUB
FOUR CENB
OUTLINED
BLACK
\textFiveSta
WHITE FOU
FOUR
2721 ✡
✭
✦ 2722
2723
2724 ✢
\textDavidStar
✣
✤
✥ \textFourAsterisk
\textJackStar
\textJackStarBold STAR OF DA
272D
2726
272E
2727
272A ✮
✧
✪ 2725
\textFourStar \textClowerTips
\textFourStarOpen
✫
272B \textFiveStarCenterOpen
272C ✬ OUTLINED
BLACK FOU
HEAVY FOUR
WHITE
\textFiveSta
CIRCLEDOUT
WHB
2722 ✢
✮
✧ 2723
2724
2725 ✣
\textFourAsterisk
✤
✥
✦ \textJackStar
\textJackStarBold
\textClowerTips FOUR TEAR
272E
2727
272F
272A
272B ✯
✪
✫ 2726 \textFourStar
\textFourStarOpen
\textFiveStarConvex
✬
272C \textFiveStarOpenDotted
272D ✭ HEAVY
WHITE OUT
FOUR
PINWHEEL
CIRCLED
\textFiveSta
OPEN WH
CENTR S
2723 ✣
✯
✪ 2724
2725
2726 ✤
\textJackStar
✥
✦
✧ \textJackStarBold
\textClowerTips
\textFourStar FOUR BALLO
272F
272A
2730
272B
272C ✰
✫
✬ 2727 \textFourStarOpen
\textFiveStarConvex
\textFiveStarShadow
✭
272D \textFiveStarOutline
272E ✮ PINWHEEL
CIRCLED
SHADOWED
OPEN WH
CENTR
\textFiveSta
BLACK CEN S
2724 ✤
✰
✫ 2725
2726
2727 ✥
\textJackStarBold
✦
✧
✪ \textClowerTips
\textFourStar
\textFourStarOpen HEAVY FOU
2730
272B
2731
272C
272D ✱
✬
✭ 272A \textFiveStarOpenCircled
\textFiveStarShadow
\textAsteriskBold
✮
272E ✯
272F SHADOWED
OPEN
HEAVYCENTR
BLACK
\textFiveStaASTE
CEN
OUTLINED B
2725 ✥
✱
✬ 2726
2727
272A ✦
\textClowerTips
✧
✪
✫ \textFourStar
\textFourStarOpen
\textFiveStarOpenCircled FOUR CLUB
2731
272C
2732
272D
272E ✲
✭
✮ 272B \textFiveStarCenterOpen
\textAsteriskBold
✯
272F \textFiveStarConvex
2730 ✰ HEAVY
BLACK ASTE
CEN
OPEN CENTR
OUTLINED
\textFiveSta
HEAVY OUTB
2726 ✦
✲
✭ 2727
272A
272B ✧
\textFourStar
✪
✫
✬ \textFourStarOpen
\textFiveStarCenterOpen BLACK FOU
2732
272D
2734
272E
272F ✴
✮
✯ 272C \textFiveStarOpenDotted
\textEightStarTaper
✰
\textFiveStarConvex
2730 \textFiveStarShadow
2731 ✱ OPEN CENTR
OUTLINED
OUTB
EIGHT POIN
HEAVY
\textAsteris
PINWHEEL S
2727 ✧
✴
✮ 272A
272B
272C ✪
\textFourStarOpen
✫
✬
✭ \textFiveStarOpenCircled
\textFiveStarOpenDotted WHITE FOUR
2734
272E
2735
272F
2730 ✵
✯
✰ 272D
2731 ✱ \textFiveStarOutline
\textEightStarTaper
\textFiveStarConvex
\textFiveStarShadow
\textAsteriskBold
2732 ✲ EIGHT
HEAVY POIN
OUTS
PINWHEEL
\textAsteris
SHADOWED
272A ✪
✵
✯ 272B
272C
272D
272E ✫
✬
✭
✮ \textFiveStarCenterOpen
\textFiveStarOutlineHeavy CIRCLED WH
2735
272F
2730
2731 ✰
✱ \textEightStarConvex
\textFiveStarConvex
\textFiveStarShadow
2732 ✲
\textAsteriskBold
2734 ✴ EIGHT POIN
PINWHEEL
SHADOWED
\textEightSt
HEAVY ASTES
272B ✫
✰ 272C
272D
272E
272F ✬
✭
✮
✯ \textFiveStarOpenDotted
\textFiveStarConvex OPEN CENTR
2730
2731
2732 ✱
✲ \textFiveStarShadow
\textAsteriskBold
2734 ✴
\textEightStarTaper
2735 ✵ SHADOWED
HEAVY
\textEightStASTE
OPEN CENTR
272C ✬
✱ 272D
272E
272F
2730 ✭
✮
✯
✰ \textFiveStarOutline
\textFiveStarConvex
\textFiveStarShadow BLACK CEN
2731
2732
2734 ✲
✴ \textAsteriskBold
✵
\textEightStarTaper
2735 \textEightStarConvex 46 HEAVY
OPEN ASTE
EIGHTCENTR
POIN
272D ✭
✲ 272E
272F
2730
2731 ✮
✯
✰
✱ \textFiveStarOutlineHeavy
\textFiveStarConvex
\textFiveStarShadow
\textAsteriskBold OUTLINED B
2732
2734
2735 ✴
\textEightStarTaper
\textEightStarConvex 46 OPEN CENTR
EIGHT POIN
272E ✮
✴ 272F
2730
2731
2732 ✯
✰
✱
✲ \textFiveStarConvex
\textFiveStarShadow
\textAsteriskBold
\textAsteriskCenterOpen HEAVY OUT
2734
2735 ✵ \textEightStarTaper
\textEightStarConvex EIGHT POIN
272F
2735
✯
✵ 2730
2731
2732
2734 ✰
\textFiveStarConvex
✱
✲
✴ \textFiveStarShadow
\textAsteriskBold
\textEightStarTaper
PINWHEEL S
EIGHT POIN
2730 ✰ ✱
\textFiveStarShadow 46
2731
2732
2734
2735 ✲
✴
✵ \textAsteriskBold
\textEightStarTaper
\textEightStarConvex SHADOWED
✱ 46
2731 2732
2734
2735 ✲
\textAsteriskBold
✴
\textEightStarTaper
\textEightStarConvex HEAVY ASTE
46
These dimensions illustrate the Romanian authorities’ perspective on what the country
has to offer to foreign visitor and this perspective has not changed much in the last 30
years, as a previous study on Romania’s tourism campaigns after 1990 [32] has shown.
The video content analysis of all the spots used in the ECG campaign [32] confirms that
natural resources (i.e., the aesthetics dimension) dominate the visual content, followed by
tourist experiences (i.e., the play dimension), culture and authenticity (both corresponding
to the ethics dimension) or spirituality (churches). A similar pattern was illustrated in the
video spots of two previous promotion campaigns from 2003 and 2009, only with different
emphasis on specific natural resources or cultural attractions. The main development
was in the play dimension. The main resources and tourism products emphasized in
these campaigns and the Facebook page analysed are underlined in most of the studies
of Romania’s tourism potential and strategies for tourism development (i.e., [99,112]).
Compared to the Tourism Masterplan 2007–2026 [98], only the seaside tourism and business
tourism are less emphasized in the ECG campaign video spots.
5. Discussion
The preliminary visual content framework shows that the aesthetic dimension (as
an intrinsic value as an end in itself) dominates, based on the predominance of “natural
resources” and “natural environment” categories. The experience of beauty as reactive in
nature and self-oriented perspective is predominant. These aspects are the most evident
and are congruent with previous works on the prevalence of aesthetic value in the tourism
experience [23,28]. This is corroborated when image contents are extracted from the photo
descriptions and coded according to Holbrook’s conceptualization of value dimensions:
(i) 17 of the total photos (62.9%) were coded for ‘aesthetics’ with visual contents related
with “natural resources” (mountains, flowers, birds, trees, landscape), “natural environ-
ment” (colourful read tree leaves, snowy mountains landscape), “culture, history & art”
(old colourful paintings, traditional clothing, traditional painted eggs); (ii) 7 of the total
photos (25.9%) were coded for ‘spirituality’ understood as a the way to escape from routine
and connect with nature and the cosmos [19] with visual contents related to “natural
environment” (a mystic and insightful foggy landscape surrounded by the Carpathian
mountains); (iii) 2 of the total photos (7.4%) were coded for ‘ethics’ associated with “his-
torical buildings & art”, although acknowledging the difficulty of addressing ethics as an
abstract element [27]; and (iv) only one photo coded as ‘play’ within “atmosphere of place”,
associated with a more engaging and hedonic experience.
The last tourism promotion campaign (i.e., Explore the Carpathian Garden) underlines
the well preserved natural resources of Romania (the Carpathian Mountains in particular),
followed by cultural authenticity (i.e., the ethics dimension) and spirituality [98]. Similar
visual analysis of visitors’ photos posted on TripAdvisor studies were done for specific
Romanian destinations, hence the different results in the share of categories. For the
Danube Delta Nature Reserve [113], the aesthetic dimension also dominates (with about
70 % pictures about natural resources and “natural environment”), followed by very few
pictures in the categories of “culture, history and art” and tourist facilities. In other studies
of TripAdvisor visitor reviews for specific Romanian destinations, the resulting dimensions
of visitor experiences correspond to various shares of Holbrook’s and Beerli & Martin’s
categories: aesthetics (nature), and play (visit organisation) dominat reviews of the Danube
Delta; aesthetics (i.e., the painted, beautiful, blue, inside, tower themes) and spirituality
(the atmosphere of the place) for the UNESCO monasteries in Northeast Romania [100];
aesthetics (e.g., the castle, stairs, outside and inside themes) and play (i.e., the Dracula and
Dracula’s castle theme) for the Bran Castle [37].
However, despite the generally positive and attractive image of Romania we found
communicated through the pictures, text and video spots, previous studies [103] has shown
that the media reactions were mainly negative to the ECG promotion campaign. These
reactions were linked to political and administrative aspects of the campaign, such as:
accusations of plagiarism for the logo, critics of the budget and a corruption scandal.
Moreover, our results confirm also previous works on value dimensionality applied to
tourism experiences, as it regards emotional value dimensions (play and aesthetics) but very
scarcely on altruistic ones (ethics and spirituality). Indeed, regarding perceived value of
destinations, most works focus on extrinsic aspects such as functional and social ones, and
on emotional ones such as aesthetics and fun. In this sense, our results cohere with [22]’s
work, which researched students’ trip to varied destinations, agreeing in considering the
value of the destination they visited in terms of fun or entertainment and the destinations’
aesthetics (both intrinsic values as ours). Similarly [114] for the case of Croatia advocates
for a mixture of extrinsic (quality of touristic services and reputation, and costs) and
intrinsic, the latter being coincident with our results in terms of destination appearance (e.g.,
forest, beaches labelled as “natural Romania”) and emotional experience (e.g., “adventure
Romania”).
Our results are closer to [115], who found, for community homestay destinations,
a broad range of value dimensions, covering most of functional, social and emotional
elements (except altruistic): in their work, perceived value corresponds to tourist accommo-
dation and cost (extrinsic), but also natural environment, enjoyment and new experiences,
the relationship between tourist and host, experiences of culture, activities, and new in-
sights. All these are intrinsic aspects, similar to the epistemic (e.g., “a country waiting to
be explored”) and emotional benefits proposed by Romanian DMO’s materials (e.g., “rich
tasting life” or “intense nightlife”). However, when aspects of authenticity are proposed as
relevant dimensions for the destination experience [116], these are often linked to social
values (see “intrapersonal and interpersonal authenticity” in [116], which conceptually
coheres with Holbrook’s framework, but they are not classified in terms of “ethics”, as
our work does. Regarding the last intrinsic dimension of our work, spirituality, value of
“wellness” and “therapy” are dimensions also proposed in recent works such as [117] in
terms of “escaping bad feelings”; it is a psychological health dimension, close to the one
framed here as “spirituality”.
6. Conclusions
The objective of this study was to explore the image attributes of Romania as a tourism
destination, framed by Holbrook´s value intrinsic dimensions about consumer experience.
The main purpose was to identify what are the main attributes that are being promoting
about Romania by the DMOs but looking them into a different approach more related with
an intrinsic value typology, a more intrinsic experiential perspective that can add to the
development of a brand strategy in the future. DMOs should have a more experiential
view of the Romania image attributes allowing them to adequately develop an image
to achieve an effective positioning in a more competitive world [118]. Thus, this study
is underpinned by the premise that the development of a brand strategy for Romania
as a tourism destination, requires an investigation of a more intrinsic nature of tourism
experience, putting the consumer in the centre of the value provision since a consumption
experience can offer intrinsic value.
As a main theoretical contribution, this study advances the definition and modelling
of the value concept as it regards its intrinsic nature [19] in response to the scant number
of studies which have approached it empirically. As a way to broaden the vast utility of
the Value concept [20] and in ways to adjust this classical typology to new realms [21],
the value dimensions known as intrinsic (i.e., aesthetics, play, ethics and spirituality) have
been proven in this research to be useful for identifying and depicting the main attributes
that are being promoting on Romania by the DMOs. Moreover, the combination of both
textual and visual (photos and videos) contents as materials in this work allow to enrich the
existing literature on multidimensionality of the tourism experience [23,29]. In this sense,
our mixed analysis has shown the property of “comprescence” of Holbrook’s view, as some
elements from texts and videos encompass more than one value dimension, adding to both
the richness complexity of the tourism experience.
Managerial contribution of our results corresponds to an inductive guidance for Ro-

manian DMOs. One of the objective of the destination branding is to develop a consistent
brand strategy in order to build a positive image for the destination and a strong posi-
tioning from differentiating it from the competitors [119]. In this way, is considered a
way of creating a unique identity for a destination that allows the tourists to compare one
destination to another [120]. In this sense, our findings add up to the process of destina-
tion branding [121] as a cooperation between different stakeholders so that the brand is
accepted and communicated through official and unofficial advertising and marketing
strategies. As already stated by [114] (p. 127) “the organization managing a destination
needs to conduct research to determine the dimensions that define the perceived value of
a specific destination”. Our work on projected image of Romania has proven how these
“different dimensions of (Romanian) destination perceived value” cohere with the intrinsic
side of a tourist experience. There is evidence of all four experiential intrinsic dimensions
of play, aesthetics, ethics and spirituality. But it is fair to acknowledge that there is space for
improvement in some of them. Indeed, our results on promotional material of aesthetics of
Romania are linked to only natural resources. As proven by [122] (p. 282) when defining
beauty in destination the “assessment of the beauty goes beyond the visual aspects and
engages all senses”. Indeed, as Holbrook himself recalls aesthetics corresponds not just to
visual elements, but to any aspect of beauty experienced as an end in itself. The potential
aesthetic significance of Romania as tourist destination is therefore considered in our work
only partially. Exploring how other senses (leading to further emotions) are tackled in
promotional materials, or in tourists review about Romania may lead to extra ways of
differentiation for this country as a tourism destination.
Additionally, other limitations do arise from our study, giving therefore place to
future lines of research. First, methodologically, the sampling process followed to get our
corpus has been limited to one stakeholder in TDI formation (marketers or DMOs). Organic
images of tourists, both domestic and international, should be addressed in future works, by
combining, with similar analysis, photos, text and videos uploaded by (tourists) consumers
on the Internet. Second, the combination of textual and visual content analysis done
here could lead to triangulation with quantitative tools (surveys on Tourism Destination
Image) in search of a mixed methods approach. This paper intends to demonstrate that are
advantages in using a more integrated approach in data analysis, by combining textual
with visual elements. In this case, the visual results allowed us to corroborate the textual
results and give some new insights about experiential image attributes about Romania.
Third, our approach has been exploratory in nature, and the choice of materials has
been discretionary. A more systematic approach could consider a diachronic view of
promotional materials of Romania across the years, which could be further compare with
tourists’ contents posted in more than one site. In order to help in better monitoring of the
brand image of Romania.
Fourth, results have shown unbalanced relevance of some value dimensions (play
and aesthetics, over ethics and spirituality in the visual analysis of photos). In order to
progress in the “comprescence” of value dimension experienced at a tourism destination, it
is recommended in the future to triangulate (i) in sources of data (for instance, tourists´
comments, opinions and perceptions), (ii) methods of data collection (e.g., focus group,
in order to have a more holistic, integrated and critical approach to the data), (iii) data
analysis techniques (e.g., complement with other qualitative software analysis that can
undertake a more semantic analysis), and (iv) data validation (e.g., through the use of
expert consultation that could help in overcoming difficulties in addressing in both visual
and textual contents of some dimensions such as ethics and spirituality. Fifth, although
adding to value research because less studied, our paper has focused only on the intrinsic
dimensions of value and not the entire intrinsic vs extrinsic behavior duality. Therefore,
future research should also consider the utilitarian (efficiency, excellence) and social (status
and esteem) dimensions of both projected and induced image, to better grasp all drivers of
Romania as a completive and sustainable destination.
Finally, by integrating other stakeholders’ perceptions (prospect tourists, residents),

and a wider focus on also extrinsic value dimensions, future research should be directed
towards a reliable brand strategy for Romania as a tourism destination. The line of action
should strategically enhance the image, positioning and competitive advantage of Romania,
demanding image studies as a precondition of further decisions.
Supplementary Materials: The following are available at https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1

/67/s1.
Author Contributions: All four authors contributed equally to the development of the framework
and writing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the
manuscript.
Funding: This research received no external funding.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Appendix A
Table A1. Holbrook (1999)’s Typology of Value.
EXTRINSIC INTRINSIC
EFFICIENCY PLAY
ACTIVE
(Convenience) (Amusement)
SELF-ORIENTED
EXCELLENCE AESTHETICS
REACTIVE
(Quality) (Beauty)
STATUS ETHICS
ACTIVE
(Success) (Virtue, Justice)
OTHER-ORIENTED ESTEEM SPIRITUALITY
REACTIVE
(Reputation,
(Faith)
Materialism)
Source: Holbrook (1999, p. 12).
References
1. Lojo, A.; Li, M.; Ye, T. Online tourism destination image: Components, information sources, and incongruence. J. Travel Tour.
Mark. 2020, 37, 495–509. [CrossRef]
2. Avraham, E.; Ketter, E. Media Strategies for Marketing Places in Crisis: Improving the Image of Cities, Countries and Tourist Destinations;
Routledge: London, UK, 2012; ISBN 9780080557076.
3. Qu, H.; Kim, L.H.; Im, H.H. A model of destination branding: Integrating the concepts of the branding and destination image.
Tour. Manag. 2011, 32, 465–476. [CrossRef]
4. Luna-Nevarez, C.; Hyman, M.R. Common practices in destination website design. J. Destin. Mark. Manag. 2012, 1, 94–106.
[CrossRef]
5. Gartner, W.C. Image Formation Process. J. Travel Tour. Mark. 1994, 2, 191–216. [CrossRef]
6. Gartner, W.C. Tourism Image: Attribute Measurement of State Tourism Products Using Multidimensional Scaling Techniques. J.
Travel Res. 1989, 28, 16–20. [CrossRef]
7. Echtner, C.M.; Ritchie, J.B. The Measurement of Destination Image: An Empirical Assessment. J. Travel Res. 1993, 31, 3–13.
[CrossRef]
8. Gallarza, M.G.; Gil-Saura, I.; García, H.C. Destination image: Towards a conceptual framework. Ann. Tour. Res. 2002, 29, 56–78.
[CrossRef]
9. Pike, S.; Jin, H.S.; Kotsi, F. There is nothing so practical as good theory for tracking destination image over time. J. Destin. Mark.
Manag. 2019, 14, 100387. [CrossRef]
10. Michaelidou, N.; Siamagka, N.-T.; Moraes, C.; Micevski, M. Do Marketers Use Visual Representations of Destinations That
Tourists Value? Comparing Visitors’ Image of a Destination with Marketer-Controlled Images Online. J. Travel Res. 2013, 52,
789–804. [CrossRef]
11. Stepchenkova, S.; Zhan, F. Visual destination images of Peru: Comparative content analysis of DMO and user-generated
photography. Tour. Manag. 2013, 36, 590–601. [CrossRef]
12. Roma, P.; Aloini, D. How does brand-related user-generated content differ across social media? Evidence reloaded. J. Bus. Res.
2019, 96, 322–339. [CrossRef]
13. Smith, A.N.; Fischer, E.; Yongjian, C. How Does Brand-related User-generated Content Differ across YouTube, Facebook, and
Twitter? J. Interact. Mark. 2012, 26, 102–113. [CrossRef]
14. Seabra, C.; Pereira, A.; Silva, C.; Abrantes, J.L.; Reis, M.; Paiva, O. Destination image perceived by domestic tourists: The influence
of generation gap. Eur. J. Tour. Res. 2020, 25, 1–22.
15. Liu, M.T.; Liu, Y.; Mo, Z.; Ng, K.L. Using text mining to track changes in travel destination image: The case of Macau. Asia Pac. J.
Mark. Logist. 2020. [CrossRef]
16. Vinyals-Mirabent, S.; Kavaratzis, M.; Fernández-Cavia, J. The role of functional associations in building destination brand
personality: When official websites do the talking. Tour. Manag. 2019, 75, 148–155. [CrossRef]
17. Anholt, S. Branding places and nations. In Brands and Branding; Profile Books London: London, UK, 2003; ISBN 1576601471.
18. Pan, S. Tourism slogans–Towards a conceptual framework. Tour. Manag. 2019, 72, 180–191. [CrossRef]
19. Holbrook, M. Introduction to consumer value. In Devaluing Value; Informa UK Limited: London, UK, 1999.
20. Gallarza, M.G.; Gil-Saura, I.; Holbrook, M.B. The value of value: Further excursions on the meaning and role of customer value. J.
Consum. Behav. 2011, 10, 179–191. [CrossRef]
21. Leroi-Werelds, S. An update on customer value: State of the art, revised typology, and research agenda. J. Serv. Manag. 2019, 30,
22. Gallarza, M.G.; Gil-Saura, I. Value dimensions, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty: An investigation of university students’
travel behaviour. Tour. Manag. 2006, 27, 437–452. [CrossRef]
23. Gallarza, M.G.; Gil, I. The concept of value and its dimensions: A tool for analysing tourism experiences. Tour. Rev. 2008, 63, 4–20.
[CrossRef]
24. Wu, C.H.-J.; Liang, R.-D. Effect of experiential value on customer satisfaction with service encounters in luxury-hotel restaurants.
Int. J. Hosp. Manag. 2009, 28, 586–593. [CrossRef]
25. Sparks, B.; Butcher, K.; Bradley, G. Dimensions and correlates of consumer value: An application to the timeshare industry. Int. J.
Hosp. Manag. 2008, 27, 98–108. [CrossRef]
26. Kim, D.; Perdue, R.R. The effects of cognitive, affective, and sensory attributes on hotel choice. Int. J. Hosp. Manag. 2013, 35,
27. Sánchez-Fernández, R.; Gallarza, M.G.; Arteaga, F. Adding dynamicity to consumer value dimensions: An exploratory approach
to intrinsic values and value outcomes in the hotel industry. Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. 2020, 32, 853–870. [CrossRef]
28. Sánchez-Fernández, R.; Arteaga-Moreno, F.; Del Chiappa, G.; Gil-Saura, I. Intrinsic value dimensions and the value-satisfaction-
loyalty chain: A causal model for services. J. Serv. Mark. 2016, 30, 165–185. [CrossRef]
29. Prebensen, N.K.; Woo, E.; Chen, J.S.; Uysal, M. Motivation and Involvement as Antecedents of the Perceived Value of the
Destination Experience. J. Travel Res. 2013, 52, 253–264. [CrossRef]
30. Kaneva, N.; Popescu, D. National identity lite: Nation branding in post-communist Romania and Bulgaria. Int. J. Cult. Stud. 2011,
14, 191–207. [CrossRef]
31. Popescu, R.I.; Corbos, R. A Review of Strategic Options for Achieving a Country Brand for Romania. Rev. Manag. Comp.
Internat, ional 2010, 11, 881–893.
32. Stoleriu, O.M.; Ibanescu, B.C. Romania’s Country Image in Tourism TV Commercials. Available online: https://www.
researchgate.net/publication/282122752_Romania%27s_country_image_in_tourism_TV_commercials (accessed on 15 December
2020).
33. Stoleriu, O.M. Building a new tourist destination image for Romania after 1989. In Proceedings of the Inaugural European
Conference on the Social Sciences, Brighton, UK, 7 July 2013.
34. Hovi, T. Kulttuuriperintö ja Dracula-turismi. Elore 2009, 16. [CrossRef]
35. Light, D. Dracula tourism in Romania Cultural identity and the state. Ann. Tour. Res. 2007, 34, 746–765. [CrossRef]
36. Light, D. Imaginative Geographies, Dracula and the Transylvania Place Myth. Hum. Geogr. 2008, 2, 5–16.
37. Lupu, C.; Brochado, A.; Stoleriu, O.M. Experiencing Dracula’s homeland. Tour. Geogr. 2017, 19, 756–779. [CrossRef]
38. Stoleriu, O.M. Dracula tourism and dark geographies of Romania. In Proceedings of the International Antalya Hospitality
Tourism and Travel Research conference proceedings, Antalya, Turkey, 9–12 December 2014; pp. 44–69.
39. Nistoreanu, P.; Aluculesei, A.-C.A.; Avram, D. Is Green Marketing a Label for Ecotourism? The Romanian Experience. Information
2020, 11, 389. [CrossRef]
40. Beerli, A.; Martín, J.D. Factors influencing destination image. Ann. Tour. Res. 2004, 31, 657–681. [CrossRef]
41. Rodrigues, A.I.; Ghasemi, V.; Correia, A.; Kozak, M. A Textual and Visual-based Exposition of Iran as a Destination. Bridg. Tour.
Theory Pract. 2019, 10, 169–187.
42. Rodrigues, A.I. Insights and Perspectives About Textual with Visual Data Analysis: The Use of Photos as an Example. Adv. Intell.
Syst. Comput. 2017, 621, 291–305. [CrossRef]
43. Sánchez-Fernández, R.; Fayos, T.; García, H.C. Experiential tourist shopping value: Adding causality to value dimensions and
testing their subjectivity. J. Consum. Behav. 2017, 16, e76–e92. [CrossRef]
44. Sánchez-Fernandez, R.; Iniesta-Bonillo, M.A.; Holbrook, M.B. The Conceptualisation and Measurement of Consumer Value in
Services. Int. J. Mark. Res. 2009, 51, 93–113. [CrossRef]
45. Del Chiappa, G.; Gallarza, M.G.; Dall’Aglio, S. A relativistic value-based approach to interpreting e-rating and e-complaining
behaviour in the hospitality sector. Eur. J. Tour. Res. 2018, 18, 13–32.
46. Gallarza, M.G.; Arteaga, F.; Del Chiappa, G.; Gil-Saura, I. Value dimensions in consumers’ experience: Combining the intra- and
inter-variable approaches in the hospitality sector. Int. J. Hosp. Manag. 2015, 47, 140–150. [CrossRef]
47. Helkkula, A.; Kelleher, C.; Pihlström, M. Characterizing Value as an Experience: Implications for Service Researchers and
Managers. J. Serv. Res. 2012, 15, 59–75. [CrossRef]
48. Woodruff, R.B. Customer value: The next source for competitive advantage. J. Acad. Mark. Sci. 1997, 25, 139–153. [CrossRef]
49. Babin, B.J.; Darden, W.R.; Griffin, M. Work and/or Fun: Measuring Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Value. J. Consum. Res. 1994,
20, 644–656. [CrossRef]
50. Doucé, L.; Janssens, W.; Leroi-Werelds, S.; Streukens, S. What to diffuse in a gender-specific store? The effect of male and female
perfumes on customer value and behaviour. J. Consum. Behav. 2015, 15, 271–280. [CrossRef]
51. Willems, K.; Leroi-Werelds, S.; Swinnen, G. The impact of customer value types on customer outcomes for different retail formats.
J. Serv. Manag. 2016, 27, 591–618. [CrossRef]
52. Branding Destinations through Popular Culture: A Case Study of HBO’s Branding Destinations through Popular Culture.
Available online: https://www.academia.edu/41080486/Branding_Destinations_through_Popular_Culture_A_Case_Study_
of_HBOs_Chernobyl_Series (accessed on 21 December 2020).
53. Kim, S.; Choe, J.Y.; Petrick, J.F. The effect of celebrity on brand awareness, perceived quality, brand image, brand loyalty, and
destination attachment to a literary festival. J. Destin. Mark. Manag. 2018, 9, 320–329. [CrossRef]
54. Romaniuk, J.; Nenycz-Thiel, M. Behavioral brand loyalty and consumer brand associations. J. Bus. Res. 2013, 66, 67–72. [CrossRef]
55. Al Saed, R.; Upadhya, A.; Abu Saleh, M. Role of airline promotion activities in destination branding: Case of Dubai vis-à-vis
Emirates Airline. Eur. Res. Manag. Bus. Econ. 2020, 26, 121–126. [CrossRef]
56. Malerba, R.C.; Fernandes, C.I.; Veiga, P. What Do We Know About Destination Branding? Environ. Impacts Tour. Dev. Natl. 2020,
57. Morgan, N.J.; Pritchard, A.; Piggott, R. Destination branding and the role of the stakeholders: The case of New Zealand. J. Vacat.
Mark. 2003, 9, 285–299. [CrossRef]
58. Kolb, B.M. Branding Tourism Destinations. Tour. Mark. Cities Towns 2006, 25, 207–232. [CrossRef]
59. Tasci, A.D.A.; Kozak, M. Destination brands vs destination images: Do we know what we mean? J. Vacat. Mark. 2006, 12, 299–317.
[CrossRef]
60. Prebensen, N.K. Exploring tourists’ images of a distant destination. Tour. Manag. 2007, 28, 747–756. [CrossRef]
61. Kavaratzis, M.; Ashworth, G.J. City branding: An effective assertion of identity or a transitory marketing trick? Tijdschr. Econ. Soc.
Geogr. 2005, 96, 506–514. [CrossRef]
62. John, S.P.; De’Villiers, R. Elaboration of marketing communication through visual media: An empirical analysis. J. Retail. Consum.
Serv. 2020, 54, 102052. [CrossRef]
63. Butler, R.W. The Influence of the Media in Shaping International Tourist Patterns. Tour. Recreat. Res. 1990, 15, 46–53. [CrossRef]
64. Beeton, S. From the Screen to the Field: The Influence of Film on Tourism and Recreation. Tour. Recreat. Res. 2008, 33, 39–47.
[CrossRef]
65. Shani, A.; Wang, Y.; Hudson, S.; Moreno-Gil, S. Impacts of a historical film on the destination image of South America. J. Vacat.
Mark. 2009, 15, 229–242. [CrossRef]
66. Hays, S.; Page, S.J.; Buhalis, D. Social media as a destination marketing tool: Its use by national tourism organisations. Curr. Issues
Tour. 2013, 16, 211–239. [CrossRef]
67. Santos, J. The role of tour operators’ promotional material in the formation of destination image and consumer expectations: The
case of the People’s Republic of China. J. Vacat. Mark. 1998, 4, 282–297. [CrossRef]
68. Clark, J. Researching the visual. Int. J. Res. Method Educ. 2013, 37, 224–225. [CrossRef]
69. Rose, G. Towards a Critical Visual Methodology. In Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching with Visual Materials; Sage:
Newcastle, UK, 2016; ISBN 1473948908.
70. Athelstan, A.; Deller, R. Editorial: Special Issue on Visual Methodologies. Grad. J. Soc. Sci. 2013, 27, 10.
71. Visual Methods in Social Research. Available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08949460802341993
(accessed on 21 December 2020).
72. Using Visual Data in Qualitative Research. Available online: https://journals.sfu.ca/jmde/index.php/jmde_1/article/view/485
(accessed on 21 December 2020).
73. Harper, D. Visual sociology: Expanding sociological vision. Am. Sociol. 1988, 19, 54–70. [CrossRef]
74. Alexander, V. Doing Visual Ethnography Images, Media and Representation in Research 2 Overview of the Book. Forum Qual.
Sociol. Res. Online 2002, 7, 139–140. [CrossRef]
75. Rodrigues, A.I.; Costa, A.P.; Moreira, A. Using CAQDAS in Visual Data Analysis: A Systematic Literature Review. Adv. Intell.
Syst. Comput. 2018, 861, 235–247. [CrossRef]
76. Rodrigues, A.I.; Souza, F.N.; de Costa, A.P.; de Dados, V.A. Desafios e Oportunidades à Investigação Qualitativa (Nota Intro-
dutória). Rev. Pesqui. Qual. 2017, 5, 4–15. [CrossRef]
77. Frith, H.; Riley, S.; Archer, L.; Gleeson, K. Imag(in)ing visual methodologies. Qual. Res. Psychol. 2005, 35, 517–534.
78. Albers, P.C.; James, W.R. Travel photography, a methodological approach. Ann. Tour. Res. 1988, 15, 134–158. [CrossRef]
79. Feighey, W. Negative Image? Developing the Visual in Tourism Research. Curr. Issues Tour. 2003, 6, 76–85. [CrossRef]
80. Kim, H.; Richardson, S.L. Motion picture impacts on destination images. Ann. Tour. Res. 2003, 30, 216–237. [CrossRef]
81. Garrod, B. Understanding the Relationship between Tourism Destination Imagery and Tourist Photography. J. Travel Res. 2008,
47, 346–358. [CrossRef]
82. Mackay, K.J.; Couldwell, C.M. Using Visitor-Employed Photography to Investigate Destination Image. J. Travel Res. 2004, 42,
83. Rakić, T. An Introduction to Visual Research Methods in Tourism. In An Introduction to Visual Research Methods in Tourism;
Routledge: Lomdon, UK, 2011; ISBN 9780203855867.
84. Govers, R.; Go, F. Projected destination image online: Website content analysis of pictures and text. Inf. Technol. Tour. 2005, 7,
73–89. [CrossRef]
85. Lake-Destination Image Assessment: The Case of the Alqueva Lake, Portugal. Available online: https://sapientia.ualg.pt/
handle/10400.1/7566 (accessed on 21 December 2020).
86. MacInnis, D.J.; Price, L.L. The Role of Imagery in Information Processing: Review and Extensions. J. Consum. Res. 1987, 13,
87. Mackay, K.J.; Fesenmaier, D.R. Pictorial element of destination in image formation. Ann. Tour. Res. 1997, 24, 537–565. [CrossRef]
88. Choi, S.; Lehto, X.Y.; Morrison, A.M. Destination image representation on the web: Content analysis of Macau travel related
websites. Tour. Manag. 2007, 28, 118–129. [CrossRef]
89. Hsu, C.H.; Song, H. Destination image in travel magazines: A textual and pictorial analysis of Hong Kong and Macau. J. Vacat.
Mark. 2013, 19, 253–268. [CrossRef]
90. Oliveira, E.; Panyik, E. Content, context and co-creation: Digital challenges in destination branding with references to Portugal as
a tourist destination. J. Vacat. Mark. 2014, 21, 53–74. [CrossRef]
91. Shani, A.; Chen, P.-J.; Wang, Y.; Hua, N. Testing the impact of a promotional video on destination image change: Application of
China as a tourism destination. Int. J. Tour. Res. 2010, 12, 116–133. [CrossRef]
92. National Institute for Statistics Report. Available online: http://statistici.insse.ro/ (accessed on 15 December 2020).
93. Dabija, D.-C. Romanian tourism: Past, present and future in the context of globalization. Available online: http://ecoforumjournal.
ro/index.php/eco/article/view/742 (accessed on 15 December 2020).
94. Bulin, D.; Pencea, S. A Romanian Tourism Market Analysis-Developments and Trends after the Eu Accession. Glob. Econ. Obs.
2015, 3, 13.
95. Ibănescu, B.-C.; Stoleriu, O.; Munteanu, A.; Iat, u, C. The Impact of Tourism on Sustainable Development of Rural Areas: Evidence
from Romania. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3529. [CrossRef]
96. Foris, D.; Florescu, A.; Foris, T.; Barabas, S. Improving the Management of Tourist Destinations: A New Approach to Strategic
Management at the DMO Level by Integrating Lean Techniques. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10201. [CrossRef]
97. Ermolaev, V.A.; Ruban, D.A.; Yashalova, N.N.; Latushko, N.A.; Van Loon, A. Tom Missions of Russian Cheese Producers:
Principal Components and Relevance for Rural Communities. Agriculture 2020, 10, 68. [CrossRef]
98. National Masterplan Tourism Masterplan 2007–2026. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/16802056/Master_Plan_27
_06_2007_Executive_Summary_Action_Plan (accessed on 21 December 2020).
99. Rǎdulescu, D.C.; Stǎnculescu, M.S. Oferta turisticǎ din România: 1948. Available online: https://www.revistacalitateavietii.ro/20
12/CV-4-2012/02.pdf (accessed on 21 December 2020).
100. Lupu, C.; Brochado, A.; Stoleriu, O. Visitor experiences at UNESCO monasteries in Northeast Romania. J. Herit. Tour. 2018, 14,
101. Banyai, M. Dracula’s image in tourism: Western bloggers versus tour guides. Eur. J. Tour. Res. 2010, 3, 5.
102. Stoleriu, O.; Brochado, A.; Rusu, A.; Lupu, C. Analyses of Visitors’ Experiences in a Natural World Heritage Site Based on
TripAdvisor Reviews. Visit. Stud. 2019, 22, 192–212. [CrossRef]
103. Andrei, A.-G. The impact of nation branding campaigns on country image. Case Study: Romania. Manag. Mark. 2017, 12, 222–236.
[CrossRef]
104. Capatina, A.; Micu, A.; Micu, A.-E.; Bouzaabia, R.; Bouzaabia, O. Country-based comparison of accommodation brands in social
media: An fsQCA approach. J. Bus. Res. 2018, 89, 235–242. [CrossRef]
105. Krippendorff, K. Content Analysis; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 1989.
106. Bardin, L. Análise de Conteúdo Retirar. Available online: http://www.anpad.org.br/admin/pdf/EnEPQ129.pdf (accessed on 21
December 2020).
107. Huberman, A.M.; Miles, M.B. Data Management and Analysis Methods. Handb. Qual. Res. 1994, 5, 428–444.
108. De Souza, F.N.; Costa, A.P.; Moreira, A. Questionamento no Processo de Análise de Dados Qualitativos com apoio do software
WebQDA Questioning for the Qualitative Data Analysis Process supported by WebQDA software. EDUSER Rev. Educ. 2011, 3,
19–30.
109. Bozic, P.; Suzovic, D.; Nedeljković, A.; Jaric, S. Alternating Consecutive Maximum Contractions as a Test of Muscle Function. J.
Strength Cond. Res. 2011, 25, 1605–1615. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
110. Hsieh, H.-F.; Shannon, S.E. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual. Health Res. 2005, 15, 1277–1288. [CrossRef]
[PubMed]
111. Cardoso, L.; Vila, N.A. Experiencia turística y autenticidad: Análisis de framings del vídeo promocional “corumbá increíble!”.
Revista TURISMO Estudos Práticas 2020, 9, 1–18.
112. Tigu, G. New Challenges for Tourism Destination Management in Romania. Strateg. Tour. Ind.-Micro Macro Perspect. 2012, 83,
113. The Online Destination Image of Danube Delta (Romania) Projected by Visitor Photos. Available online: https://www.researchgate.
net/publication/319879623_THE_ONLINE_DESTINATION_IMAGE_OF_DANUBE_DELTA_ROMANIA_PROJECTED_BY_
VISITOR_PHOTOS (accessed on 21 December 2020).
114. Bajs, I.P. Tourist Perceived Value, Relationship to Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions. J. Travel Res. 2013, 54, 122–134. [CrossRef]
115. Jamal, S.A.; Othman, N.; Muhammad, N.M.N. Tourist perceived value in a community-based homestay visit: An investigation
into the functional and experiential aspect of value. J. Vacat. Mark. 2011, 17, 5–15. [CrossRef]
116. Yi, X.; Lin, V.S.; Jin, W.; Luo, Q. The Authenticity of Heritage Sites, Tourists’ Quest for Existential Authenticity, and Destination
Loyalty. J. Travel Res. 2016, 56, 1032–1048. [CrossRef]
117. Lee, T.J.; Han, J.-S.; Ko, T.G. Health-Oriented Tourists and Sustainable Domestic Tourism. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4988. [CrossRef]
118. Pike, S.D.; Ryan, C.A. Destination Positioning Analysis through a Comparison of Cognitive, Affective, and Conative Perceptions.
J. Travel Res. 2004, 42, 333–342. [CrossRef]
119. Cai, L.A. Cooperative branding for rural destinations. Ann. Tour. Res. 2002, 29, 720–742. [CrossRef]
120. Greaves, N.; Skinner, H. The importance of destination image analysis to UK rural tourism. Mark. Intell. Plan. 2010, 28, 486–507.
[CrossRef]
121. Ooi, C.-S. Poetics and Politics of Destination Branding: Denmark. Scand. J. Hosp. Tour. 2004, 4, 107–128. [CrossRef]
122. Kirillova, K.; Fu, X.; Lehto, X.; Cai, L.A. What makes a destination beautiful? Dimensions of tourist aesthetic judgment. Tour.
Manag. 2014, 42, 282–293. [CrossRef]

A Textual and Visual Analysis of The Intrinsic Value Dimensions of Romania: Towards A Sustainable Destination Brand

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

A Textual and Visual Analysis of The Intrinsic Value Dimensions of Romania: Towards A Sustainable Destination Brand

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

sustainability

Received: 2 December 2020

Sustainability 2021, 13, 67. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010067 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

Value is understood as interactive because it entails an interaction between a subject (a

2.2. Brand Destination and Image Destination

2.3. Visual Data in Tourism Research

3.2. Research Framework and Research Questions

3.3. Data Analysis and Analysis Strategy

3.3.1. Textual Analysis

3.3.2. Visual Analysis

4.1. Textual Analysis

Cultural sites of UNESCO World Heritage Sites 2721

✍ USV Symbol Macro(s)

Special waters drinks 2709

Traditions that were carefully kept 2715

Choose your favourite circuit in Romania 271A

Managerial contribution of our results corresponds to an inductive guidance for Ro-

Finally, by integrating other stakeholders’ perceptions (prospect tourists, residents),

Supplementary Materials: The following are available at https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1

Table A1. Holbrook (1999)’s Typology of Value.

You might also like