Compound

-•Is a substance that is composed of two or more elements.

•Example: H2O, CO2

CHEMICAL FORMULA
is away of expressing in symbols the elements present in a compound, as well as the number of
atoms of each element present in the compound

TYPES OF CHEMICAL FORMULA

1. Molecular Formula
•Shows the atoms present in a compound, as well as the number of atoms per element present in it.
•Example: C6H12O6

2.Empirical Formula
•Shows the simplest form of the atomic ratio in a chemical compound.
•Example C2H2 - CH

3. Structural Formula
•is representation of a compound using the symbol of the elements to indicate how the atoms are
arranged and bonded chemically.
•EXAMPLE : H2O H — O — H

4.Molecular Models
a model is a representation of a compound’s molecular, and structural composition.
2 types of model:
•1. ball-and-stick
-we represent atoms as balls and chemical bonds as sticks.
•2. space-filling
-atoms fill the space between each other to more closely represent our best idea for how a
molecule might appear if we could scale it to a visible size.

NAMING AND WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA OF COMPOUNDS

TWO TYPES OF COMPOUND

1. Molecular Compound
• are formed when two nonmetals react with each other.
• Elements with the highest electronegativity is written and named last.

2. Ionic Compound
• are compounds composed of ions, charged particles that form when an atom (or group of atoms, in the
case of polyatomic ions) gains or loses electrons.

2 types of ionic compound:

• 1. Cations – an atom that has lost electrons, has a positive charge since the electron is negative
• 2. Anions – an atom that has gained electrons, has a negative charge

Naming Ionic Compound

• Ionic compounds are (usually) formed when a metal reacts with a nonmetal (or a polyatomic ion)
Chemical Reaction
-is the process by which a chemical change takes place
-A change where a new substance is formed.

Chemical Equation
- is the shorthand way of expressing chemical reaction using numbers, symbols, and formula.

Two Major Parts:

Reactants
-The starting materials
-these are the substance that changes when it is combined with another substance in a chemical
reaction.

Products
-The new substance
-the substance that result of the chemical reaction.

+ - used to separate one reactant or product from one another

- Can be read as “react with” when used in reactant

- used to separate the reactants from the products

-read as "yields" or "produces" in an equation.

(s) - indicates that the substance is in solid state.

(I) - indicates that the substance is in liquid state

(aq) -indicates that the substance is dissolved in water

- comes from the term “aqueous”

-indicates that there is heat applied or needed to make the reaction proceed.

Subscript
-is the number of atoms of the element found in the substance. H2O

Reactant -----> Product

2. Nitrogen gas reacts with Hyrdrogen gas to form ammonia

N2(g) + H2(g) ---------> NH3(I)

Law of Conversation Mass
-the sum of the masses of the product is always the same as the sum of the masses of the reactants
-states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any ordinary chemical reaction