Senior High School

Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person
Quarter 2 – Module 8
Human Persons as Oriented Towards
Their Impending Death

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 8 Human Persons as Oriented Towards Their Impending
Death
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Authors/s: Mary Vince N. Gumahad, Ph. D.

Reviewer: Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan
Content validator/s:Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan and Cherryl C. Pontillas
Language evaluator: Sylvio L. Carciller
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Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairperson: Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE

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 This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed
by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other
education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at
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We value your feedback and recommendations.

 Table of Contents

COVER PAGE..............................................................................................................1
COPYRIGHT PAGE.....................................................................................................2
Psychosocial Activities ..........................................................................................3
Week 1..........................................................................................................................4
What I Need to Know.................................................................................................5
What I Know.............................................................................................................6
What’s In...................................................................................................................4
What’s New..............................................................................................................5
What Is It...................................................................................................................6
What’s More..............................................................................................................4
References...............................................................................................................5
Week 2..........................................................................................................................4
What I Need to Know.................................................................................................5
What I Know..............................................................................................................6
What’s In....................................................................................................................4
What’s More..............................................................................................................5
What I Have Learned.................................................................................................6
References.................................................................................................................4
 12

Introduction to the
Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter 2 – Module 8
Freedom of the Human Person

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and
universities. We encourage teachers and other education stake
holders to email there feedback, comments, and recommendations to
the Department of Education at action@deped.gov.ph

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Table of Contents
Page

Overview i

Pre-Assessment iv

Lesson Proper

Lesson 1. How does the reality of death define our lives? 1

What shall I do before I die? What makes me
happy?

Lesson 2 Why do we suffer? 4

Generalization 7

Application 7

Post-Assessment 8

References 15
 OVERVIEW
Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Topic: Human Persons as Oriented Towards their Impending Death
Content The learner understands human beings as oriented towards their
Standard: impending death
Performance The learner writes a philosophical reflection on the meaning of
Standards: his/her own life
Learning 1. Recognize the meaning of hi/her own life (PPT11/12-IIh-
Competencies: 8.1)
2. Enumerate the objectives he/she really wants to achieve
and to define the projects he/she really wants to do in
his/her life; ((PPT11/12-IIi-8.2)
3. Explain the meaning of life (where will all these lead to)
(PPT11/12-IIi-8.3)
4. Reflect on the meaning of his/her own life. (PPT11/12-IIi-
8.4)
What is this This module will help you recall what happened in your life? What
module all moments brought you joy? What moments brought you sadness
about? and pain? It will also help you reflect on the meaning of your life
and the significance of death in the existence of the person. The
concepts and learning activities presented in this module will help
you understand what a meaningful life and human person as
temporal is being.
Module Content Lesson 1. How does the reality of death define our lives? How
should I live my life before it finally ends? What makes
you happy?
Lesson 2. Why do we suffer? How do happiness, suffering, and
death give meaning to your life?

i
 Components in each Lesson

What I Need to Know

Learning Objectives

What I Know?

Pre-Assessment

What’s In?

Review Activity

What’s New?

Motivational Activity

What is It?

Lesson Proper

What’s More?

Performance Task

What I Have Learned?

Generalization

What I Can Do?

Application

Assessment

Post-Assessment

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 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?

At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:

1. Explain the significance of death in the existence of the person

2. Recognize that death is inevitable
3. Reflect on the meaning of life

The following are your guides for the proper use of this module:

1. Follow closely the instructions in every activity.

2. Be honest in answering and checking your exercises.
3. Answer the pre-test before going over the material to find out what you
already know.
4. Answer the exercises at the end of every lesson.
5. Review the lesson that you find difficult to understand.
6. Seek assistance from your teacher if you need help.
7. Ask permission from your parents/guardians whenever you have research
and requirements to be conducted outside your home.

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WHAT I KNOW?

Test I. Multiple Choice. Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It refers to the separation of the soul and body.
a. happiness c. sadness
b. life d. death
2. It means that our lives are temporary.
a. temporality c. body
b. permanent d. spirit
3. It is a kind of good that provides form of pleasure.
a. noble good c. useful good
b. pleasurable good d. permanently good
4. It is a kind of good that is pursued for its own sake.
a. permanently good c. noble good
b. useful good d. pleasurable good
5. It is a kind of good that is found only on what it can provide.
a. useful good c. permanently good
b. pleasurable good d. noble good

Test II. Pairing Type: Direction: Match column A with column B.

Colum A Column B
6. It takes place when we patiently endure unpleasantness, Mental suffering
discomfort and pain.
7. It is a kind of suffering that refers to discomfort, hunger, Injury
stress, and pain.
8. It is a kind of suffering that includes depression, anxiety, Sadness caused by
fear, loneliness, and grief. death of a loved one
9. One of the causes of physical suffering. Physical suffering
10. One of the causes of mental suffering. Suffering

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Lesson 1: How does the reality of
death define our lives? What
shall I do before I die? What
makes me happy?
Learning Competency: Recognize the meaning of his/her own life
(PPT11/12-IIh-8.1)
Enumerate the objectives he/she really wants to achieve
and to define the projects he/she really wants to do in
his/her life; (PPT11/12-IIi-8.2)

WHAT’S NEW?

Activity 1. RELAX AND REFLECT

Go to a quiet place, sit back and recall what had happened in your life. What
moments brought you joy, what moments brought you sadness? List those
moments below and make a reflection on how it shaped you into who you are today.

1. ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

WHAT IS IT?
1
 Nothing lasts forever (walang forever). The
cycle of being born, growing up and growing old and
dying is a reality. We have limited time here on earth
and whether we like it or not, we are bound to die.
Death is real. It is a part of our being. Death is
commonly understood as the end of bodily
functions. It also refers to the separation of body and
spirit. Everything that exists in this universe comes
to an end and we humans are not exempted. The
acceptance of being a temporary individual in this
world gives us a clearer vision on how to live life to
the fullest and understand the meaning of our
existence. We have the freedom to choose a well- Source: "Designed by
lived life; doing good and doing what is right. photoangel
What makes us happy? Happiness is a state of being (over all physical
condition of a person), not just only an emotion or a decision. We do not choose
happiness because we feel it, we do not choose happiness because we need it but
happiness is the totality of who we are as human beings.

As an embodied spirit, we must consider also the goods or sources of our

happiness.

Kinds of Good

1. Noble good is one which is pursued for its own sake, example is love and
friendship.

2. Useful good is found only from what it can provide, example, money is good
as it can buy you something.

3. Pleasurable good is good so long as it provides some form of pleasure,

though it does not have to be physical.

Whatever the source of our happiness right now, let us see to it that it
is real and meaningful.

WHAT’S MORE?
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 Activity 2. HAPPINESS IS…

1. Based on the concepts in Lesson 1, produce a video clip on the things which
make you happy.
2. Present it by the time you are scheduled to meet your teacher.

To the teacher/facilitator: Use this rubric to evaluate the output of Activity 2.

(Rubric may be changed depending on the agreement between the
teacher/facilitator and the learner).

Rubric for Drawing

Criteria Rating
The video is originally produced. 5 4 3 2 1
The message is relevant to the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The video has lesson to learn. 5 4 3 2 1

Activity 3: MY BUCKET LIST

Make a personal list of what you wish to do to succeed. List them on your
reflection notebook with your answer on the following questions.
a. Why did you choose these things/ activities to be in your “Bucket List”?
b. Which among these do you feel is the easiest to accomplish in your
lifetime? Why?
c. Which would be the most difficult to do? Why?

Rubric for Essay

Criteria Rating
The paper relates entirely to the 5 4 3 2 1
assigned topic or issue.
The paper conveys a genuine personal 5 4 3 2 1
view regarding the topic or issue.
The work is original. 5 4 3 2 1

Lesson 2: Why do we suffer?

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Learning Competency: Explain the meaning of life (where will all these lead to)
(PPT11/12-IIi-8.3)
Reflect on the meaning of his/her own life.
(PPT11/12-IIi-8.4)

WHAT’S NEW?

Activity 1. SUFFERING IS…

When was the last time you were in a very problematic situation? What was
the reason behind it? How did you overcome it? Can you share your experiences by
writing them in the space below?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

WHAT IS IT?

Suffering is generally viewed as a state of feeling discomfort or pain. It can

come in the form of physical suffering when one experiences bodily pain, example,
injury or it may be a mental suffering when it involves our minds and emotions, such
as depression or loneliness. Humans as we are, we normally experience pain and
we often view it as necessary to help as grow and become a strong person and find
the deepest meaning of our lives.

In life, we experience both happiness and suffering. Whatever experiences we

have, let us make it sure that it helps us lived the life worth remembering; that we
could be a better version of ourselves. Life is a gift, live it.

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 WHAT’S MORE?

Activity 2. TAKE AWAY, NO WAY

1. Reflect on this. What thing you want which equals to your life?
2. Share your thoughts to your teacher during the meeting.

For the teacher/facilitator: Use this rubric to evaluate the output of Activity 2.
(Rubric may be changed depending on the agreement between the
teacher/facilitator and the learner).

Rubric for Reflection

Criteria Rating
The content is relevant to the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
There is continuity in the presentation. 5 4 3 2 1
The use of English language is clear and 5 4 3 2 1
understandable.

Activity 3. FROM ME TO YOU

1. Based on what you have learned about happiness, suffering, death and the
meaning of life, what piece of advice can you give to the following people in
various situations?
2. You are to choose only one (1) situation.
3. Write your answer in your reflection notebook.

To the teacher/facilitator. Use the rubric below to evaluate the output of Activity 3.
(Rubric may be changed depending on the agreement between the
teacher/facilitator and the learner).

Rubric for Essay

Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the 5 4 3 2 1
5
assigned topic or issue.
The answer conveys a genuine personal 5 4 3 2 1
view regarding the topic or issue.
The work is original. 5 4 3 2 1

SITUATION 1
Your brother is an overachiever. Being on top of the class is what makes him
feel fulfilled. However, for this quarter, he got grades lower than what is expected.
He is extremely saddened by this.

SITUATION 2
Your best friend is dating a married woman. Despite his family’s disapproval,
he does not want to break up with her. He says that she is the only one who makes
him very happy.

SITUATION 3
Your cousin is suffering from a brain cancer. She has a loving and helpful
support system comprised of family and friends, yet her fear of dying is getting
worse. She feels depressed and loses sleep over the idea of passing away soon.

WHAT HAVE I LEARNED?

 Human is temporary. Nothing is forever.

 We have to exercise our freedom in a positive way.
 We should always remember to do good rather than bad.

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  Real happiness can be found in a more lasting and important things.
 Suffering takes place when we feel pain. It can be experienced physically or
mentally. It is generally viewed as an undesirable condition, and that we
naturally seek pleasure and avoid pain. Humans as we are, we normally
experience pain and we often view it as necessary to help as grow and
become a strong person and find the deepest meaning of our lives.
 We experience both happiness and suffering. These two are not really meant
to be extreme opposites, for they can also enrich one another.
 As intersubjective beings who have a tendency to form bonds with others, it is
only natural that the meaning of life can be found when we open ourselves to
others. This means that although we will eventually die, we have an
opportunity to enrich our lives as well as the lives of others.

WHAT I CAN DO?

Reflection: Write your answer in your reflection notebook.

If you are to leave a legacy (pamana or mana) in this world

before you die, what would it be? (Outputs can be done by students, based on their
track. Example, EIM can make lampshade, SMAW can make plantholders, other
strands can make an album, poem, song to express their hopes and dreams and
they can share their thoughts about why they came up with that output.)

ASSESSMENT

Test I. Multiple Choice. Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It refers to the separation of the soul and body.
a. happiness c. sadness
7
 b. life d. death
2. It means that our lives are temporary.
a. temporality c. body
b. permanent d. spirit
3. It is a kind of good that provides form of pleasure.
a. noble good c. useful good
b. pleasurable good d. permanently good
4. It is a kind of good that is pursued for its own sake.
a. permanently good c. noble good
b. useful good d. pleasurable good
5. It is a kind of good that is found only on what it can provide.
a. useful good c. permanently good
b. pleasurable good d. noble good

Test II. Pairing Type: Direction: Match column A with column B.

Colum A Column B
6. It takes place when we patiently endure unpleasantness, Mental suffering
discomfort and pain.
7. It is a kind of suffering that refers to discomfort, hunger, Injury
stress, and pain.
8. It is a kind of suffering that includes depression, anxiety, Sadness caused by
fear, loneliness, and grief. death of a loved one
9. One of the causes of physical suffering. Physical suffering
10. One of the causes of mental suffering. Suffering

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region X – Northern Mindanao

Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person

Second Quarter Examination

Multiple Choice. Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer in a separate sheet
of paper.
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1. This is the ability of a human being to make choices and perform
actions.
A. Body B. Spirit C. Freedom D. All of the above
2. Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self – determination and the
exercise of freewill and;
A. Skills B. Intellect C. Ability D. Stability
3. The essence of freedom is _____________, the capacity to choose & act
for oneself.
A. Free-will B. Choices C. Self – determination D. Self-efficacy
4. You cannot be everywhere at once, but your freedom allows you to
move from one place to another and to go wherever you want to go. This
kind of freedom is;
A. Physical B. Psychological C. Moral D. Free will
5. It is innate and cannot be denied to the person. This kind of freedom is:
A. Physical B. Psychological C. Moral D. Free will
6. A person must use his/her freedom to grow as a person. This kind of
freedom is;
A. Physical B. Psychological C. Moral D. Free will
7. It refers to the person being accountable for his/her actions & their
consequences.
A. Accountability B. Reasoning C. Outlook D. Responsibility
8. Freedom should be exercised with regard for knowledge and
____________
A. Truth B. Policy C. Rules D. Consequences
9. This is the ability to act out of one’s own free will and self-
determination.
A. Willingness B. Cooperation C. Voluntariness D. Enthusiasm
10. My freedom ends when the other persons freedom
A. Violated B. Starts C. Begins D. All of the Above

11. This refers to shared awareness & understanding among persons.

A. Inter-relationship B. Intersubjectivity C. Sensitivity D. Open mindedness
12. It enables us to experience another person’s emotions.
A. Empathy B. Sympathy C. Apathy D. Emotions
13. A deep and genuine relationship between persons is called
A. Transcendence B. Intersubjectivity C. Empathy D. Dialogue
14. Which of the following allows the person to give himself or herself to
others and receive others in his or her life and relate with them?
A. Individuality B. Interiority C. Shared emotions D. Social context
15. Which is considered as a deeper level of self-other interaction?

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 A. knowledge of the existence of the other
B. awareness of the self as being seen by others
C. attentiveness to the surrounding environment
D. understanding the unique behavior of the others
16. What is the defining characteristic which sets apart human interaction
from the interaction of other animals?
c. human freedom c. human touch
d. human gaze d. human words
17. What is the term used to describe a situation where an individual
presents himself or herself in a certain way when dealing with others
A. “Mirroring” B. “Performing” C. “Pretending” D. “Seeming”
18. A deeper and more genuine interaction is called _________.
A. Awareness B. Conversation C. Dialogue D. Interiority
19. Which of the following statements about dialogue is correct?
A. Dialogue is confined to words.
B. Dialogue is exactly similar to conversation.
C. Only beings with inner life can engage in a dialogue.
D. It is possible to have a dialogue with material objects.
20. Which situation below clearly illustrates a dialogue?
A. Asking a bystander for direction
B. Talking about politics with a stranger
C. Seeking for forgiveness from a parent
D. Inquiring on goods from a storekeeper
21. Which of these statements indicate that the speaker is ready to engage
in a genuine dialogue?
A. “I tend to ignore strangers.”
B. “I am only nice to people I know.”
C. “I always treat people with respect.”
D. “I always strive to make a good impression.”
22. It refers to an important aspect of intersubjectivity that enables us to
experience another person’s emotions.
A. Alienation B. Availability C. Dialogue D. Empathy

23. Which of the following circumstances depicts empathy?

A. Laughing at the mistakes or shortcomings of others
B. Feeling a friend’s grief over the death of a loved one
C. Calling intellectually-challenged classmates as lazy students
D. All of the above.
24. What is alienation in the context of human interaction?
A. Viewing people positively
B. Considering the other people as mere objects
C. Regarding others as distinct and authentic persons
D. Believing that human actions are governed by selflessness

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25. It refers to the willingness of a person to be present and be at the
disposal of another.
A. Alienation B. Availability C. Dialogue D. Empathy
26. It refers to the social conditions which enable persons and groups to
fulfil their goals and achieve well-being.
A. Common goal B. Common good C. Social being D. Social condition
27. The person is by nature a
c. Social force B. Sociologist C. Social condition D. Social being
28. It is an organized group of people whose members interact frequently
and have a common territory and culture.
c. Family B. Individual C. Society D. Siblings
29. This is an organized or patterned and of relationships among individuals
and groups that compose a society.
A. Social systems B. Culture C. Tradition D. Socialization
30. These are composed of individuals who have similar backgrounds and
perform similar roles in the society.
A. Social institutions B. Community C. Society D. Social group
31. These are actions or things that are considered important by society.
A. Social values B. Valuables C. Riches D. Treasures
32. The principal means of subsistence (hanapbuhay) of pastoralists is
A. Trading B. Animal domestication C. Farming D. Hunting and gathering
33. What is the oldest and the most basic way of economic subsistence?
A. Gathering and fishing C. Pastoral and fishing
B. Hunting and pastoral D. Hunting and gathering
34. This society is characterized by the use of machineries.
A. Post-industrial B. Industrial C. Feudal D. Horticultural
35. This society is generally small in size and is composed of families.
A. Hunting and gathering B. Pastoral C. Agrarian D. Horticultural
36. This society has given rise to the virtual society.
A. Post-industrial B. Industrial C. Feudal D. Horticultural
37. The society based on the ownership of land.
A. Post-industrial B. Pastoral society C. Feudal D. Virtual society
38. It refers to the separation of the soul and the body.
A. Sickness B. Coma C. Death D. All of the above
39. It takes place when we patiently endure unpleasantness, discomfort and
pain.
A. Sickness B. Suffering C. Mental illness D. Death
40. It refers to how our lives are temporary.
A. Shortness B. Transient C. Fleeting D. Temporality
41. It is a kind of good that is good so long as it provides some form of
pleasure.
A. Common B. Pleasant C. Pleasurable D. Adoptive
42. It is a kind of good that is found only on what it can provide.
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 A. Useful good C. Permanently good
B. Pleasurable good D. Noble good
43. It is a kind of good that is pursued for its own sake.
A. Noble B. Common C. Personal D. Universal
44. It is the essence of freedom which is the capacity to choose and act for
oneself.
A. Reason B. Free will C. Happiness D. Success
45. It is the kind of suffering that refers to discomfort, hunger, stress and
pain.
A. Physical B. Psychological C. Mental D. Internal
46. It is the kind of suffering that includes depression, anxiety, fear,
loneliness & grief.
A. Physical B. Psychological C. Mental D. Internal
47. The following are causes of physical suffering except;
A. Discomfort B. Fear C. Hunger D. Pain
48. The following are causes of mental suffering except;
A. Hunger B. Depression C. Anxiety D. Grief
49. Without it, we are unable to grow & improve, & our positive experiences
lose meaning & significance.
A. Suffering B. Choices C. Teachings D. Existence
50. If we are willing to suffer through adversities, it makes the pursuit to
happiness _________
A. Livable B. Worthwhile C. Nurturing D. Surviving

-END OF EXAMINATION-

REFERENCE
Roberto D. Abella, Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person Quezon City:
C & E Publishing, Inc., 2016, 130-142.

Brenda B. Corpuz et. al., Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Quezon City: LORIMAR PAUBLISHING, INC., 2016, 142-148..

Christine Carmela R. Ramos, Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Quezon City: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2016, 163-176.
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Maria Paula G. Sioco and Ignatius H. Vinzons, Introduction to the Philosophy of the
Human Person Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc. , 2016, 207-227.

Management Team

Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III

Regional Director

Co-Chairpersons:

Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V

Asst. Regional Director

Mala Epra B. Magnaong

CES, CLND

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 Members:

Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr

EPS-ADM

REPS

Rone Ray Portacion

EPS-LRMDS

For Inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education
Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro City,
Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis Oriental

Telefax:

Email Address:

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