1. St.

Augustine's sense of self is his relation to God, both in his recognition of God's love
and his response to it—achieved through self-presentation, then self-realization.
Augustine believed one could not achieve inner peace without finding God's love.
2. According to Socrates, is not to be identified with what we own, with our social status,
our reputation, or even with our body. Instead, Socrates famously maintained that our
true self is our soul or our inner being, which determines the quality of our life. 
3. Plato, at least in many of his dialogues, held that the true self of human beings is the
reason or the intellect that constitutes their soul and that is separable from their body.  
4. Descartes believed the mind is the seat of our consciousness. Because it houses our
drives, intellect, and passions, it gives us our identity and our sense of self. He also
believed that the idea of a mind controlling the body is as erroneous as the idea of ghosts
controlling machines.
5. John Locke considered personal identity (or the self) to be founded on consciousness
(viz. memory), and not on the substance of either the soul or the body.
According to Locke, personal identity (the self) "depends on consciousness, not on
substance" nor on the soul.
6. Hume suggests that the self is just a bundle of perceptions, like links in a chain.
He argues that our concept of the self is a result of our natural habit of attributing unified
existence to any collection of associated parts. This belief is natural, but there is no
logical support for it.
7. According to Gilbert Ryle, “The self is the way people behave”. The self is basically our
behavior. This concept provided the philosophical principle, “I act therefore I am”. In
short, the self is the same as bodily behavior.
8. Sigmund Freud's view of the self was multitiered, divided among the conscious,
preconscious, and unconscious. ... And though the conscious self has an important role to
play in our lives, it is the unconscious self that holds the greatest fascination for Freud,
and which has the dominant influence in our personalities.
9. According to Immanuel Kant, we all have an inner and an outer self which together form
our consciousness. The inner self is comprised of our psychological state and our rational
intellect. The outer self includes our sense and the physical world.
10. Paul and Patricia Churchland holds to materialism, the belief that nothing but matter
exists. When discussing the mind, this means that the physical brain, and not the mind,
exists. Adding to this, the physical brain is where we get our sense of self.
11. Maurice Merleau-Ponty believed the physical body to be an important part of what makes
up the subjective self. This concept stands in contradiction to rationalism and empiricism.
Rationalism asserts that reason and mental perception, rather than physical senses and
experience, are the basis of knowledge and self.