Senior High School

QUARTER 1 – MODULE
3
Statement of Changes in Equity (SCE)

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business, and Management 2 - Senior High
School
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message

Dear Teachers and Learners! The writer welcomes you all to this module for the
subject Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business, and Management 2 in the ABM Strand of
Senior High School. The discussion focussed on the preparation of financial statements and
its analyses to determine the profitability, liquidity, and solvency of the business.
As your partner in learning, I hope that you will not miss out on every detail that the
writer would like you to learn in this material. Do enjoy it as there are challenging and
interesting activities inside these learning modules. Congratulations in advance for this will
make you the master of your learning.
Ops! you wait for a while, for easy use of this material take note of some few
reminders

1. Take your time to read every detail that this module contains.
2. This material contains Module 1 and Module 2 and each of which is provided
with activities/tests that will surely lead you to learn.
3. Here are the Icons used as your guide in every part of the lesson.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives
that are set for you to learn as you go
Know
along with the module.
This is an assessment as to your level
of knowledge to the subject matter at
What I know
hand, meant specifically to gauge prior
related knowledge.
This part connects the previous lesson
What’s In with that of the current one.

This is an introduction to the new lesson

What’s New through various activities before it will
be presented to you
This is a discussion of the activities as a
What is It way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.
This is a follow-up activity that is
What’s More intended for you to practice further to
master the competencies.

What I Have This activity is designed to process

what you have learned from the lesson
Learned

This is a task that is designed to

showcase your skills and knowledge
What I can do
gained, and applied into real-life
concerns and situations.
 4. Please do follow the directions given per activity so your experience in the use
of this material will be meaningful and fruitful.
5. Answer all the tests in this material.
6. As a courtesy to the future users, PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING ON
ANY PART OF THIS MODULE. Write your answer/s on a separate sheet of
paper, notebook, workbook or whichever is specified by your facilitator

Special Reminders for your learners;

1. Answer every activity intelligently and diligently.
2. Write your answer as directed by your facilitator.
3. Feel free to approach or communicate your teacher/facilitator whenever you
need help.
4. Don’t forget to put a smiley face if you finish the activity within the allotted
time.
 Table of Contents

Page
What This Module is About………………………………………………….. ii
Icons of this Module………………………………………………………….. iii
MODULE 3 Statement of Changes in Equity…….…………… 1

LESSON 3 Statement of Changes in Equity………………… 1

Activity 1.3.1 Identify Me…………………………………………… 5

Lesson 3.1 Types of Business Organization………………… 6

Lesson 3.2 Preparation of SCE ……………………………….. 8

Lesson 3.3 Steps in Preparing SCE …………………………… 8

Activity
1.3.2 Compare & Contrast…………………………………… 9
1.3.3 Outline Me……………………………………………… 11
1.3.4 Solving the Problem Case #1………………………. 12
1.3.5 Solving the Problem Case #2………………………. 12
1.3.6 Choosing the Right One ……………………………. 12
 3 Statement of Changes in Equity (SCE)

What I Need To Know

This lesson discusses the three forms of business organization: single

proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. This lesson also aims to talk about the
unique features as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the aforementioned
business organizations.

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to discuss the different forms of
business organization and prepare a statement of changes in equity of a single/sole
proprietorship.

What I Know

Before starting with this module, let us see what you already know about the
Statement of Changes in Equity. Answer the questions below.

Directions. Read and analyze each item carefully. Write the letter corresponding to the best
answer on your answer sheet. 1 point each.

1. Which of the following pertains to a business entity concept?

A. Transactions of a business (as a separate entity) must be distinguished
with transactions of the owners.
B. Transactions of the business (as a separate entity) must be merged with
the transactions of the owners.
C. Revenues are recorded when it is earned.
D. Revenues are recorded when the corresponding cash has been received.

2. Which of the following is a major type of business organization??

A. Sole Proprietorship
B. Partnership
C. Corporations
D. All of the above

1
3. How many are considered owner(s) of a sole proprietorship?
A. One
B. More than one
C. Two but not more than five
D. Five and above
4. How many is/are considered owner(s) in a partnership?
A. One
B. More than one
C. Two but not more than five
D. Five and above

5. How are owners of a sole proprietorship called?

A. Sole proprietors
B. Partners
C. Shareholders/Stockholders
D. None of the above

6. How are owners of a partnership called?

A. Sole proprietors
B. Partners
C. Shareholders/Stockholders
D. None of the above

7. How are owners of a corporation called?

A. Sole proprietors
B. Partners
C. Shareholders/Stockholders
D. None of the above

8. Which of the following sequences arranges the complexity of business

organizations, from simple to complex?
A. Partnership, Sole Proprietorship, Corporation
B. Corporation, Sole proprietorship, Partnership
C. Sole Proprietorship, Corporation, Partnership
D. Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Corporation

9. Which of the following sequences arranges the complexity of business

organizations, from difficult to the easiest?
A. Partnership, Sole Proprietorship, Corporation
B. Corporation, Partnership, Sole Proprietorship
C. Sole Proprietorship, Corporation, Partnership
D. Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Corporation

10. Which of the following is the most appropriate business organization for an
entity named “Segismundo, Gomez, Valencia, & Co., CPA’s”?
A. Sole Proprietorship
B. Partnership
C. Corporation
D. None of the above
 11. Which of the following is most related to the saying “two heads are better than
one”?
A. Partnership
B. Sole Proprietorship
C. Corporations
D. None of the above

12. Which of the following are subjected to strict regulations?

A. Sole Proprietorship
B. Partnership
C. Corporations
D. None of the above

13. Which of the following is an advantage of a partnership as compared to a sole

proprietorship?
A. Unlimited liability
B. More sources of expertise
C. Concentration of management
D. Limited life

14. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a partnership as compared to a

sole proprietorship?
A. Unlimited liability
B. More sources of expertise
C. Concentration of management
D. Limited life

15. Generally, how long is the life of a corporation?

A. 50 years, subject to renewal
B. 50 years, not subject to renewal
C. As long as the life of the oldest shareholder
D. As long as the life of the youngest shareholder

What’s In

The end product or output of accounting (financial accounting, to be specific)

is useful financial information. This useful financial information is the “story” that
accounting tells to the interested users. Useful financial information helps the owner
to answer the question, “Should I invest more cash in the business?

Creditors are also guided by this information in answering the question,

“Should we lend more money to the business?”

Financial information is contained and communicated through the financial

statements. Financial statements are like chapters of a novel, telling different stories
of an interrelated subject. Especially, financial statements are organized depictions
of the events that happened in a business. A complete set of financial statements
are composed of the following (IASB 2011):
1. Statement of Financial Position or Balance Sheet
2. Statement of Comprehensive Income or Income Statement
3. Statement of Changes in Equity
4. Statement of Cash Flow

What’s New

To achieve the objectives of this lesson, you must remember to do the following:
 Read the lessons carefully.
 Follow all directions and given instructions.
 Answer all given tests and activities.
 Learn to familiarize the following terms:

TERM DEFINITION

Statement of Changes in Equity All changes, whether increases or

decreases to the owner's interest in the
company during the period are reported
here. This statement is prepared before the
preparation of the Statement of Financial
Position to be able to obtain the ending
balance of the equity to be used in the SFP.
(Haddock, Price, & Farina, 2012).

Single/Sole Proprietorship All changes, whether increases or

decreases to the owner's interest in the
company during the period are reported
here. This statement is prepared before the
preparation of the Statement of Financial
Position to be able to obtain the ending
balance of the equity to be used in the SFP.
(Haddock, Price, & Farina, 2012).

Partnership an entity whose assets, liabilities, income,

and expenses are centered or owned by
two or more persons (Haddock, Price, &
Farina, 2012).
Corporation an entity whose assets, liabilities, income,
and expenses are centered or owned by
itself being a legally separate entity from its
 owners. Owners are called shareholders or
stockholders of the company (Haddock,
Price, & Farina, 2012).

Initial Investment The very first investment of the owner to the

company.

Additional Investment Increases to owner’s equity by adding

investments by the owner (Haddock, Price,
& Farina, 2012).

Withdrawal Decreases to owner’s equity by withdrawing

assets by the owner (Haddock, Price, &
Farina, 2012).

Activity 1.3.1. Identify Me

Presented below are the possible advantages and disadvantages of a sole
proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. Determine on the column the item
pertains to an advantage or disadvantage. In the second column, determine the
related business organization. Item 1 is an example.

Information Advantage or Business

Disadvantage Organization
In the event of bankruptcy, business creditors Disadvantage Sole Proprietorship
can run after the personal assets of the Partnership
owner(s)
Involvement of more persons in the business;
hence more sources of expertise as
compared to the most simple business
organization
Transferability of ownership
Unlimited life
Business organization as a juridical or
separate person
The corporate existence of 50 years,
renewable
The most limited source of fund
Most regulated business organization
Double taxation
Limited liability
Unlimited liability
 What Is It

Lesson 3.1 Types of Business Organizations

The business entity concept is a prevailing assumption in accounting. It states

that the transactions of the owners (as a separate entity) must be distinguished and
differentiated from the transactions of the owners. Business transactions must be
captured in the financial statements of the reporting entity. Personal transactions, on
the other hand, must be kept in the records of the owners.

There are three major types of business organizations in the Philippines,

based on the classification of ownership. These business organizations are sole or
single proprietorship, partnership, and corporation.

1. Sole/Single Proprietorship

This is a business organization owned by one person. The owner of the sole
proprietorship is the proprietor. In most cases, the proprietor is also the general
manager of a sole proprietorship. As a general manager, he oversees the day-to-day
operations of the sole proprietorship. A sole proprietor is more involved than other
business owners. Sole proprietorships are relatively easy to organize.
Major disadvantages of a sole proprietorship include the limited source of
capital, proprietor's unlimited liability, and the business entity's limited existence. The
sole proprietor is the major source of financing available for business. Another major
disadvantage of a sole proprietorship is the unlimited liability of the sole proprietor.
Bankruptcy occurs when the sole proprietorship is unable to pay debts. In the
Philippines, in case that the assets of a sole proprietorship are not enough to cover
its existing liabilities, creditors can run after the personal assets of the owner. Lastly,
sole proprietorships have limited life. A sole proprietorship generally co-exists with
the sole proprietor.
Common examples of sole proprietors are stores and individuals rendering
professional services like lawyers, physicians, dentists, and accountants.

2. Partnership

Title lX, Chapter 1 of the Philippine Civil Code defines partnership as a

contract where two or more persons bind themselves to contribute money, property,
or industry to a common fund, to divide the profits among themselves. These
persons are called partners. Their agreement is contained in a document called
articles of partnership. The ultimate goal of the partner is to divide the profits among
themselves.
A key advantage of a partnership is the ease of organization, as compared to
a corporation. The contract of the partnership may be oral or in writing, as a general
rule. Another advantage of a partnership is the entity's larger source of capital and
expertise, as compared to a sole proprietorship.
Major disadvantages of the partnership include unlimited liability, limited
existence, and mutual agency of the partners. Generally, a partner’s liability in the
the partnership can extend to his or her personal properties, similar to a sole
proprietorship. However, the unlimited liability of a partner is subject to exceptions
(i.e., the concept of a limited partner). Partnerships also have a limited existence.
Generally, any change in the partnership may dissolve the entity. The most common
reason for a partnership's dissolution is the death of one partner. Finally, a mutual
agency may also be a disadvantage to a partnership. Mutual agency means that
each partner may bind the partnership and the other partner in business-related
matters. For example, if one partner obtains a business loan on behalf of the
partnership, the partnership and the other partner are bound by the said loan.
Common examples of partnerships are legal (law) firms and accounting firms.

3. Corporation

The Corporation Code of the Philippines (1980) defines the word corporation
as an "artificial being created by operation of law, having the right word of
succession and the powers, attributes, and properties expressly authorized by law or
incident to its existence.”

Corporation as Artificial Being

In the eyes of the law, a corporation is an artificial being independent of its

owners. A corporation has a name and birthdate (incorporation date) just like a
normal person. As an artificial being, a corporation has rights, powers, and attributes.
Here is an example of a right of a corporation: It can acquire its property. The
names, powers, objectives, and registered address of a corporation are included in a
document called the articles of incorporation.

Owners of a corporation are called stockholders (also called shareholders).

Generally, stockholders have the right to vote, dividends, and new stock issues. The
right to vote pertains to the stockholders' ability to participate in the significant
decision making agenda of the corporation through voting. Voting in a corporation is
generally proportional to the number of shares held by the stockholder.

The major advantage of a corporation is the centralization of management

through the board of directors. The board of directors exercises functions over the
corporation. They protect the interest of the stockholders. Another advantage of
corporate organizations is its long existence. Generally, corporations in the
Philippines are given a life of 50 years, subject to renewal. Ownership of a
corporation may be inherited by the respective heirs of the original owners. The
liabilities of a corporation may not extend to the stockholders, unlike in sole
proprietorship and partnership. Stockholders are only liable to the extent of their
original investment in the corporation.

The major disadvantage of a corporation is its stringent requirements for

registration. Registering a corporate entity in the Philippines will take a significantly
longer period than organizing a sole proprietorship or partnership. Also, corporations
are subjected to heavy government regulation through the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC). Corporations are also subjected to double taxation. The income
of the corporation in itself will be subjected to a corporate
income tax of 30%. If the corporation decides to declare dividends to its
stockholders, the dividends are again subjected to a withholding tax.

Lesson 3.2. Preparation of Statement of Changes in Equity for Sole

Proprietorship

Preparing a statement of changes in equity (SCE) for a sole proprietor is quite

straightforward. The elements of an SCE for a sole proprietorship include the
beginning capital, additional income, net income, and withdrawals.

Sample Statement of Changes in Equity

Bimby Food Cart

Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended December 31, 2019
Mr. Bimby Equity, Beginning 100,000.00
Add:
Additional Investment 10,000.00
Net Income 25,000.00 35,000.00
Total Equity 135,000.00
Less: Owner’s, Withdrawal (20,000.00)
Mr. Bimby Equity, Ending 115,000.00
========
Figure 1. Sample Statement of Changes in Equity for Sole Proprietorship

Lesson 3.3 Steps in Preparation of Statement of Changes in Equity

1. Draft the heading.

The heading of SCE resembles that of a comprehensive income. This is
because the SCE shows the movement in the capital account of the
owner.

2. Determine the beginning balance of capital (equity)

The equity beginning is the operating balance of the owner's equity
account. This is the ending balance of the equity account of the previous
year. In the case above, this also pertains to the balance as of January 1,
2020, or December 31, 2019.

3. Determine the amount of investment (initial or additional)

Additional investment pertains to any capital infusion made by the owner
for the year. For the first year of operation, the SCE should bear the line
item “initial investment”, instead of “additional investment”, which would be
used for the succeeding year of operations. The amount of initial
investment can be traced to the general ledger account or T-account.
 4. Determine the amount of the net income
Net income, on the other hand, pertains to the amount earned by the sole
proprietorship for the year. This amount is taken from the statement of
comprehensive income. This is the reason why the statement of
comprehensive income is first constructed before the SCE.

5. Determine the balance of the drawing (withdrawal) account

After net income, drawing is deducted from the balance. This can be done
by referring to the ledger balance or T-account of the withdrawal account.
The drawing represents the owner's return on investment.

6. Determine the ending balance of the capital or owner’s equity account.

After determining the beginning balance, investment, net income (or net
loss), and withdrawal, the accountant will determine the ending balance of
the equity account.
Finally, the equity ending represents the equity balance of Mr. Snackstore
as of December 31, 2019.

What’s More

Activity 1.3.2 Compare and Contrast.

1. Compare and contrast sole proprietorship and partnership.

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.

2. Compare and contrast partnerships and corporations.

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.
3. Compare and contrast corporation and sole proprietorship.
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.

4. Briefly discuss the elements or sections of the Statement of Changes in

Equity.
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5. If you are to put up your own business someday, what type of business
organization are you going to choose? Support your answer.
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 What I Have Learned

Activity 1.3.3 Outline Me

Instruction: Outline the advantages and disadvantages of a sole proprietorship,

partnership, and corporation. Provide at least 3 in each form of business
organization.

Sole Proprietorship Partnership Corporation

Advantages: Advantages: Advantages:
1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Disadvantages:

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.
 What I Can Do

Activity 1.3.4. Solving the

Problem Case #1. Limbaco Law

Firm

Limbaco Law Firm is owned by Atty. Allan Limbaco. The balance of his capital as of
January 1, 2019, is P 1,800,000.00. During the year, he invested additional cash of P
450,000.00 in the business. Also, Limbaco Law Firm earned P 168,750.00 of net
income. Finally, he withdraws P 112,500.00.

1. How much is the balance of Atty Limbaco's capital as of December 31, 2019?
2. Prepare a Statement of Changes in Owner’s Equity for Limbaco Law Firm.

Activity 1.3.5. Solving the

Problem Case #2. Jalagat Medical

Clinic

Jalagat Medical Clinic is owned by Dr. Ana Jalagat. The balance of Dr. Jagalat’s
capital is P 400,000.00 as of January 1, 2019. During the year, she invested an
additional P 100,000.00 in the business. Also, Jalagat Medical Clinic earned P
37,500.00 of net income. Finally, she withdraws P 25,000.00 for personal use.

1. How much is the balance of Dr. Jalagat’s capital balance as of December 31,
2019?
2. Prepare a Statement of Changes in Owner’s Equity for Jalagat Medical Clinic.

Activity 1.3.6 Choosing the Right One.

Now, that you are finished accomplishing the module, let us check what you
have learned. Answer the questions given below by encircling the letter of the correct
answer.

1. Which of the following pertains to a business entity concept?

A. Transactions of a business (as a separate entity) must be distinguished
with transactions of the owners.
B. Transactions of the business (as a separate entity) must be merged with
the transactions of the owners.
C. Revenues are recorded when it is earned.
D. Revenues are recorded when the corresponding cash has been received.
2. Which of the following is a major type of business organization??
A. Sole Proprietorship
B. Partnership
C. Corporations
D. All of the above

3. How many are considered owner(s) of a sole proprietorship?

A. One
B. More than one
C. Two but not more than five
D. Five and above

4. How many is/are considered owner(s) in a partnership?

A. One
B. More than one
C. Two but not more than five
D. Five and above

5. How are owners of a sole proprietorship called?

A. Sole proprietors
B. Partners
C. Shareholders/Stockholders
D. None of the above

6. How are owners of a partnership called?

A. Sole proprietors
B. Partners
C. Shareholders/Stockholders
D. None of the above

7. How are owners of a corporation called?

A. Sole proprietors
B. Partners
C. Shareholders/Stockholders
D. None of the above

8. Which of the following sequences arranges the complexity of business

organizations, from simple to complex?
A. Partnership, Sole Proprietorship, Corporation
B. Corporation, Sole proprietorship, Partnership
C. Sole Proprietorship, Corporation, Partnership
D. Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Corporation

9. Which of the following sequences arranges the complexity of business

organizations, from difficult to the easiest?
A. Partnership, Sole Proprietorship, Corporation
B. Corporation, Partnership, Sole Proprietorship
C. Sole Proprietorship, Corporation, Partnership
D. Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Corporation
 10. Which of the following is the most appropriate business organization for an
entity named “Segismundo, Gomez, Valencia, & Co., CPA’s”?
A. Sole Proprietorship
B. Partnership
C. Corporation
D. None of the above

11. Which of the following is most related to the saying “two heads are better than
one”?
A. Partnership
B. Sole Proprietorship
C. Corporations
D. None of the above

12. Which of the following are subjected to strict regulations?

A. Sole Proprietorship
B. Partnership
C. Corporations
D. None of the above

13. Which of the following is an advantage of a partnership as compared to a sole

proprietorship?
A. Unlimited liability
B. More sources of expertise
C. Concentration of management
D. Limited life

14. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a partnership as compared to a

sole proprietorship?
A. Unlimited liability
B. More sources of expertise
C. Concentration of management
D. Limited life

15. Generally, how long is the life of a corporation?

A. 50 years, subject to renewal
B. 50 years, not subject to renewal
C. As long as the life of the oldest shareholder
D. As long as the life of the youngest shareholder

Congratulations! You have just finished Lesson 3 of this module.

 Answer Key

What I Know / Pre-test and Post Test

1. A 11. A
2. D 12. C
3. A 13. B
4. B 14. C
5. A 15. A
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. B

Activity 1.3.1 – Identify Me

Information Advantage or Business

Disadvantage Organization
Involvement of more persons in the business; Advantage Partnership &
hence more sources of expertise as Corporation
compared to the most simple business
organization
Transferability of ownership Advantage Corporation
Unlimited life Advantage Corporation
Business organization as a juridical or Advantage Corporation
separate person
The corporate existence of 50 years, Advantage Corporation
renewable
The most limited source of fund Disadvantage Sole
Proprietorship
Most regulated business organization Disadvantage Corporation
Double taxation Disadvantage Corporation
Limited liability Advantage Corporation
Unlimited liability Disadvantage Sole
Proprietorship &
Partnership

What’s More / Activity 1.3.2 – Compare & Contrast (Answer may vary)

Rubrics for Compare & Contrast Points

Content & Supporting Details 3
Organization & Structure 3
Transitions & Coherence 2
Conventions (grammar, spelling, etc..) 2
Total 10
What I Have Learned / Activity 1.3.3 – Outline Me

Sole Proprietorship Partnership Corporation

Advantages: Advantages: Advantages:
1.easy to organize 1.ease of organization 1.centralization of
management

2.ease in management 2.larger source of capital 2.long existence

3.owner decides for the 3.partners may contribute 3.transferability of

business and is more expertise in managing the ownership
involved in the operation business

Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Disadvantages:

1.limited sources of capital 1.unlimited liability 1.stringent requirements
for registration

2.unlimited liability 2.limited existence 2.heavy government

regulation

3.limited existence 3.mutual agency of the 3.double taxation

partners

What I Can Do / Activity 1.3.4 – Solving the Problem

Case #1. Limbaco Law Firm

1. How much is the balance of Atty. Limbaco’s capital as of December 31,
2019? P 2,306,250.00

2. Prepare a Statement of Changes in Owner’s Equity for Limbaco Law Firm.

Limbaco Law Office

Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended December 31, 2019
Limbaco Equity, Beginning 1,800,000.00
Add:
Additional Investment 450,000.00
Net Income 168,750.00 618,750.00
Total Equity 2,418,750.00
Less: Owner’s, Withdrawal (112,500.00)
Limbaco Equity, Ending 2,306,250.00
========
Activity 1.3.5. Solving the Problem

Case #2. Jalagat Medical Clinic

.

1. How much is the balance of Dr. Jalagat’s capital balance as of December 31,
2019?
P 512,500.00

2. Prepare a Statement of Changes in Owner’s Equity for Jalagat Medical Clinic.

Jalagat Medical Clinic

Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended December 31, 2019
Jagalat Equity, Beginning 400,000.00
Add:
Additional Investment 100,000.00
Net Income 37,500.00 137,500.00
Total Equity 537,500.00
Less: Owner’s, Withdrawal (25,000.00)
Jalagat Equity, Ending 512,500.00
========
References

Arganda, A. M. (2016). Fundamentals of Accounting Bookkeeping 1. Anvil

Publishing, Inc.
Josefina L. Beticon, J. C. (2017). Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business, and
Management 2 - Teacher's Manual. Vibal Group. Inc.
Reyes, V. D. (2017). Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business, and Management 2.
GIC Enterprises & Co., Inc.
Salazar, D. R. (2017). Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business, and Management 2.
Rex Bookstore.

Additional References:

Teacher’s Guide in Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management 2

https://edge.pse.com.ph/openDiscViewer.do?edge_no=5b3feb584ad68ec41db82e3
77ee70f3b)