Trends in information technology
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Internet of Things
Augmented Reality
Virtual Reality
Blockchain Technology
Automation
Artificial Intelligence
There is more to AI than just talking about
robots or robotics. You can see from the word cloud
that robot is just one of many concepts under AI.
As you have already seen in the other movies,
there were themes about data mining, predictive
analysis, super computers doing what maybe
beyond human control, whether these are facts of
fiction.
Simulation of human intelligence in
machines that are programmed to think like
humans and mimic their actions
(Frankenfield, 2020)
Some related words:
Machine learning
 While other approaches to developing AI exist,
machine learning has largely powered much of
the recent leaps and bounds in the field. It is
designed to loosely mimic the way humans
themselves gather knowledge – through
learning. But while humans can pick up patterns
or a skill from just a few examples, machines
require vast amounts of data.
Expert systems
 a program that gives answers, solutions, or
diagnoses, based on available information, by
following procedures that attempt to duplicate
the thought processes and apply the knowledge
of an expert in some particular field.
 design, construction, and use of machines
(robots) to perform tasks done traditionally by
human beings
Neural Network
 A neural network is a type of machine
learning which models itself after the human
brain, creating an artificial neural network that
via an algorithm allows the computer to learn by
incorporating new data.
 While there are plenty of artificial
intelligence algorithms these days, neural
networks are able to perform what has been
termed deep learning.
 Handwriting recognition is an example of a
real-world problem that can be approached via
an artificial neural network. The challenge is
that humans can recognize handwriting with
simple intuition, but the challenge for computers
is each person’s handwriting is unique, with
different styles, and even different spacing
between letters, making it difficult to recognize
consistently.
Natural language processing
 interaction between computers and human
languages
General Types
 Applied / Specialized AI – created to do
one thing
 Machines designed to complete very
specifics tasks like navigating a vehicle,
trading stocks, or playing chess (Global
FTX)
 Specialized AI is just a software app that
just does one thing, what that thing
depends on which specialized AI app you
use (Bullock, 2019
 General AI – created to learn to do anything
 Also termed as True AI, strong AI or Full AI
 General AI will do for now since Full AI does
not yet exist
 General AI is a very different beast, it’s an
AI that can learn to do different things.
 Imagine a Phillips screwdriver that can
morph into a saw, or a paint brush, or a tape
measure. An intelligent screwdriver that can
look at the problem and then adapt to be the
right tool to solve the problem.
  General AI would be able to learn, plan,
reason, communicate in natural language,
and integrate all of these skills to apply to
any task. (Bullock, 2019)
 Machines designed to complete any task
which would normally require human
intervention. (Global ETFX)
AI Subsets
What are the Differences between Artificial Intelligence,
Machine Learning, and Deep Learning?
While artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning
(ML), and Deep Learning (NYSE:DL) are often used
interchangeably, there are several key differences. One
way to visualize the relationship is through a series of
concentric circles. AI is the macro topic which
encompasses the entire field of study, while ML is a
subtopic within AI. DL is a further refinement of ML and
represents the most cutting edge of AI applications that
are being used today.
ML is the process of building machines which
can access data, apply algorithms to this data, and then
train themselves to deduce valuable insights based on
these underlying datasets.
Currently, ML is typically used to recognize
faces, voice commands, and objects, as well as to
translate languages. It has been successfully
implemented in chatbots, such as Siri (Apple), Cortana
(Microsoft), and Alexa (Amazon).
Most of us are unaware that we already interact
with Machine Learning every single day. Every time we
Google something, listen to a song or even take a photo,
Machine Learning is becoming part of the engine behind
it, constantly learning and improving from every
interaction. It’s also behind world-changing advances
like detecting cancer, creating new drugs and self-driving
cars. (Edwards,2018)
Deep learning takes artificial intelligence a step
further, by mimicking how the human brain works
through the use of artificial neural networks. In an
artificial neural network, each neuron is charged with
providing a binary (yes/no) response to basic questions
about a piece of data.  can even do business at the comfort of one’s home
Consider a very basic artificial neural network
which is responsible for determining if a photo contains a
banana or an apple. The network has three neurons
which are responsible for answering:
Is the object in the picture round?
Is the object in the picture yellow?
Does the object in the picture have a stem?
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning in
artificial intelligence (AI) that has networks capable of
learning unsupervised from data that is unstructured or
unlabeled. Also known as deep neural learning or deep
neural network.
This data, known simply as big data, is drawn
from sources like social media, internet search
engines, e-commerce platforms, and online cinemas,
among others. 
 2020 – robots mimic jokes and flirting
 2023 – AI-powered voice assistants to reach 8
billion
 2030 – Global GDP will grow by 15.7 trillion
Can you imagine AI mimicking even your laughter?
Mannerisms? And everything that may reveal your
personality and emotions?
If you were to continue the arrow till 2050, what do
you think will be the trend by then?
 40 percent of AI increasing business
productivity
 77% feature one form of AI or another in our
devices
How has business of ordinary people been assisted
by AI? AI has allowed many industries to flourish their
business since more and more people are glued to their
devices using them from advertising to reach more
customers.
 80% work done without humans by 2020
 87% companies adopting AI to improve email
marketing
With the help of AI, humans have become more
productive with their work. The location or distance of
work no longer limits employees from finishing their
tasks because AI facilitates the completion of work. You
giving more contact time with family for those who have
children or parents at home.
 75 countries are using AI technology for
surveillance
 AI augmentation will create 2.29 trillion of
business value by 2021
 Global AI market is expected to reach a
revenue of 118.6 billion by 2025
Example:
 Self-driving cars
Imagine road safety not being a concern
anymore in the future. According to the Union of
Concerned Scientists “self-driving vehicles are cars or
trucks in which human drivers are never required to take
control to safely operate the vehicle. Also known as
autonomous or “driverless” cars, they combine sensors
and software to control, navigate, and drive the vehicle.”
They also stated that the costs and benefits of self-
driving cars are still largely hypothetical. More
information is needed to fully assess how they’ll impact
drivers, the economy, equity, and environmental and
public health.
 Chatbots/Virtual Assistants
According to Gray (2018), these talkative
machines use the power of two branches of AI, natural
language processing and natural language generation,
to interact with human users. They appear on social
media feeds, customer service pages and websites to
provide conversation, advice and companionship – and
they are transforming the way we interact with
organizations including utilities companies, adult
websites, pizza delivery firms, online stores, banks and
even governments.
 Facial Recognition
FACIAL RECOGNITION (in social media; travel;
security) Sheldon, A. (30 March 2020) Facial
recognition, an artificial intelligence application form,
helps identify a person with their digital image or
patterns of their facial features. The year 2020 will
witness a growth in the use of facial recognition
technology with more reliability and enhanced accuracy.
Security and access control—as we see today in many
airports—are primary applications of deep learning-
based facial recognition.  Internet of Things
Facial recognition is a category
of biometric software that maps an individual's facial
features mathematically and stores the data as a
faceprint. The software uses deep learning algorithms to
compare a live capture or digital image to the stored
faceprint in order to verify an individual's identity. 
Face ID can be used to authenticate purchases
with Apple Pay and in the iTunes Store, App Store and
iBooks Store. Apple encrypts and stores faceprint data in
the cloud, but authentication takes place directly on the
device. 
 Language Translators
AI translators are digital tools that use advanced
artificial intelligence to not only translate the words that
are written or spoken, but also to translate the meaning
(and sometimes sentiment) of the message. This results
in greater accuracy and fewer misunderstandings than
when using simple machine translation.
Instead of asking your teacher what a word or
phrase means, these days you can easily find an app
which automatically translates a foreign language to
your mother tongue.
In tests where human and machine translated text is
compared side by side, Google Translate previously
ranked at 3.6 of 6 at Spanish to English, with 6 being a
perfect translation. Humans generally rank at 5.1, and
Google’s new method hits 5.0.
Ergo…AI is here to stay. It continues to learn
human behavior while influencing our lifestyle
without us even knowing it.
In this diagram it shows the other subsets of AI
aside from ML-DL subset shown in previous slide.
As you can see, robotics is just one of the many
subsets of AI. Some of these were featured in
some other movies that do not necessarily involve
robots.
 simply, the internet of this is made up of devices –
from simple sensors to smartphones and wearables
– connected together (Matthew Evans, the loT
programme head at techUK)
 allows devices to communicate from their
environments
 creates a connected world
 Internet of things or as we call it, IoT allows
devices on closed private internet connections to
communicate with others and "the Internet of Things
brings those networks together. It gives the opportunity
for devices to communicate not only within close silos
but across different networking types and creates a
much more connected world."
Example:
 Smart home
Have you ever heard of Amazon echo? Amazon echo
connects to the Alexa voice to be able to play music,
provide information, deliver news and sports scores, tell
you the weather, control your smart home and even
allow Prime members to order products from Amazon.
In a lot of homes today, they use this device to control
different devices inside their homes. As long as the
mobile device is connected to the different devices in
the house in a single network, people are now able to
control their home appliances just by voice recognition.
 Smart farming
 Smart wearables
People use smart wearables nowadays to easily monitor
their health status better instead of going to the doctor
and having a checkup every time they do not feel well.
Augmented Reality
 Blending of interactive digital elements – like
dazzling visual overlays, buzzy haptic feedback,
or other sensory projections – into our real-
world environments
 Adds digital elements to a live view
 Use smartphone cameras
Adds digital elements to a live view often by
using the camera on a smartphone. Some examples of
augmented reality experiences include Snapchat lenses
and the game Pokemon Go.
Example:
 Pokemon Go
 Historical Information
 Location Based
Virtual Reality
There is more to AI than just talking about robots
or robotics. You can see from the word cloud that robot
is just one of many concepts under AI. As you have
already seen in the other movies, there were themes
about data mining, predictive analysis, super computers
doing what maybe beyond human control, whether these
are facts of fiction.
 A complete immersion experience that shuts
out the physical world
VR implies a complete immersion experience
that shuts out the physical world.
VR devices such as HTC Vive, Oculus Rift or
Google Cardboard, users can be transported into a
number of real-world and imagined environments such
as the middle of a squawking penguin colony or even the
back of a dragon.
 Simulated environment
 Head-mounted display
 Immersive
 3D worlds
A simple augmented reality use case is: a user
captures the image of a real-world object, and the
underlying platform detects a marker, which triggers it to
add a virtual object on top of the real-world image and
displays on your camera screen.
What is the difference of AR and VR?
Augmented Reality simulates artificial
objects in the real environment; Virtual Reality
creates an artificial environment to inhabit.
Example:
 VR in Military
 VR in Sports
 VR in Mental Health
 VR in Education
Blockchain Technology
 Digital information (the “block”) stored in a
public database (the “chain”)
A simple augmented reality use case is: a user captures
the image of a real-world object, and the underlying
platform detects a marker, which triggers it to add a
virtual object on top of the real-world image and displays
on your camera screen.
 Store information about transactions
Blocks store information about transactions like the date,
time, and dollar amount of your most recent purchase
from Amazon. (NOTE: This Amazon example is for
illustrative purchases; Amazon retail does not work on a
blockchain principle as of this writing)
 Store information about who is participating in
transactions
Blocks store information about who is participating in
transactions. A block for your splurge purchase from
Amazon would record your name along with
Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN). Instead of using your actual
name, your purchase is recorded without any identifying
information using a unique “digital signature,” sort of like
a username.
 Store information that distinguishes them from
other locks
Blocks store information that distinguishes them from
other blocks. Much like you and I have names to
distinguish us from one another, each block stores a
unique code called a “hash” that allows us to tell it apart
from every other block. Hashes are cryptographic codes
created by special algorithms. Let’s say you made your
splurge purchase on Amazon, but while it’s in transit,
you decide you just can’t resist and need a second one.
Even though the details of your new transaction would
look nearly identical to your earlier purchase, we can still
tell the blocks apart because of their unique codes.
Automation
A simple augmented reality use case is: a user captures
the image of a real-world object, and the underlying
platform detects a marker, which triggers it to add a
virtual object on top of the real-world image and displays
on your camera screen.
 The dictionary defines automation as “the
technique of making an apparatus, a process,
or a system operate automatically
 We define automation as “the creation and
application of technology to monitor and control
the production and delivery of products and
services”
5 Biggest IT Automation Trends of 2020
 RPA or Robotic Process Automation
 Big Data
 Data Center Infrastructure and Machine
Learning
 Automated Decision Making
 Test Automation
Robotic Process Automation
 Simple tasks are repetitive, time consuming and
prone to human errors
 RPA boosts efficiency, make employees more
productive and speed up processes
Most companies are using RPA for boosting their
efficiency. It is one of the most important applications of
AI. You can use it for automating your important tasks.
Most of the simple tasks are repetitive. These times can
consume a lot of your employee times. You can
automate these tasks by using automated tools.
Accounting and finance was the sector to adopt this
technology. They are using RPA systems for scanning
their data. RPA tools can scan financial data. It can also
enter into the right records and works. Thus, your
employees don’t need to waste their time scanning
through your data. This will allow your employees to
focus on other important tasks. RPA will also ensure
data consistency. It is impossible to eliminate human
errors. If you are using AI technology, then you don’t
need to worry about errors.
Big Data
 Difficult to manage large amounts of data
 Big data helps analyze data more effectively
Companies are generating tons of data every year. It is
difficult to manage this huge amount of data. Also, the
data is only going to increase with time. Data scientists
are trying to find new ways of managing and analyzing
big data. They are using AI for automating these tasks.
According to a report by Gartner, AI can do more than
40% of data scientist tasks. This will allow your company
to use augmented analytics. You can utilize your data
more effectively. Also, it is cheaper when compared to
hiring a data scientist.
Data Center Infrastructure and Machine
Learning
 Computers are using machine learning to learn
new things
 Use insights and patterns from collected data
 It is helping companies in developing better
energy-efficient practices
Computers are using machine learning to learning new
things. They use insights and patterns from data for
learning new things. ML is also a subset of AI. There are
various subsets of Machine learning like NLP, deep
learning and neural networks. Machine learning has also
started to impact data centers. The data center is
becoming more important with time. Companies are
using colocation data centers, private facilities or
hyperscale data centers for hosting their applications.
Automated Decision Making
 Difficult to analyze and interpret large
amounts of data
 Some companies make decisions without
understanding their market
 Helps in analyzing and interpreting data
from large amounts of information to make
well-informed decisions
Test Automation
 Used for building testing applications before
releasing it to the market
 Ensures that the applications are working
properly the way it should be
 Reduces number of errors