9/23/2014

Job Hazard Analysis

(JHA)

How to Analyze Health & Safety

Hazards at your worksite

Michael Hall, Director

CA EH+S TRAINING CENTER

What is Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)?

It is a method for systematically identifying

and evaluating hazards associated with a
particular job or task. It is also called “Job
Safety Analysis (JSA)”.

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JHA Purpose

• Taking a job or task and breaking it down into

steps to?
• Effective JHA’s help the employer and
employee recognize and control?

Why conduct a job hazard analysis?

• A job hazard analysis can prevent work-

related death, injuries or illnesses by
eliminating and or controlling identified
hazards.

• It is a means to ensure that workers have

the training, equipment and supplies to
do their jobs safely.

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Select the job to be analyzed

Prioritize

HIGH

MEDIUM

LOW

Identifying jobs for a JHA

• Look at jobs where workers have been
injured using existing information from:
 Your accident or incident reports
 Your worker compensation claims
 Industry or trade association data

• Conduct a preliminary worksite walk-

around to observe or identify hazardous
jobs or tasks.
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Involving employees – a good

Practice!
• Involving employees allows them to bring
their insights, experience and expertise
about the jobs to the process.

• After All Who is it for?

Break job down into key components

• Once a job is identified, you will need to
break it into key components or sub-tasks
and list all the hazards associated with
each sub-task.

• Too much detail makes the JHA

cumbersome, but too little detail may omit
hazards.

• Generally, limit the number of components

to 10 or less.

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Breaking job into key components -

Changing a light bulb
Too Much Detail Too Little Detail Right Amount of Detail
Get ladder from storage. Get a ladder and new Get ladder and new light bulb.
light bulb.
Get new light bulb from storage.

Carry ladder and light bulb to light needing changing. Change bulb. Turn light switch off.

Place ladder under light to be changed. Put ladder away and Place ladder under light to be
throw out old light bulb. changed.
Ensure light switch is in the off position.

Climb ladder. Using ladder, change bulb.

Remove light cover. Put ladder back in storage.

Twist light bulb in a counter clock-wise direction until

it is free of the socket.

Remove old light bulb.

Insert new light bulb into socket.

Turn in a clock-wise direction until tightened.

Replace light cover.

Descend ladder.

Carry ladder back to storage.

Ranking Hazardous Tasks

• Once you have identified jobs or tasks that

have the potential to or are in fact injuring
workers, you will need to rank these tasks and
start addressing the most serious first.

• One method for ranking tasks considers the

probability that the hazard will cause an injury
and an estimate of the severity of that injury.

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A method to prioritize
hazardous tasks

Severity Table

Score Classification Description

4 Catastrophic May cause death

3 Critical May cause severe injury or illness

2 Marginal May cause minor injury or illness

1 Minor Will not cause injury or illness

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A method to prioritize
hazardous tasks…

Probability Table

Score Classification Description

5 frequent Very likely to occur frequently

4 probable Probably will occur at some time

3 Occasional May occur infrequently

2 Remote Unlikely, but possible

1 Improbable So unlikely, it is assumed it will not occur

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Job Hazard Analysis

(General Example)
Date of analysis: ________________________ People who participated:
_________________________________
_________________________________

Tasks/jobs where injuries occur, or can occur

How people get hurt What causes them to get hurt? What safe practices or PPE are needed?

 Ladder was not on a level surface  Set ladder feet on solid level surfaces
 Ladder was on soft ground and the leg  When reaching out, keep belt buckle
sunk in between the side rails of the ladder.

Ladders tipping over  The person reached out too far
 The ladder wasn’t high enough to
reach up safely – the person
stood up near the top of it
 Do not stand on the top of a
stepladder or on the first step down
from the top.
 Replace or repair ladder

 Ladder broken or damaged

 Trying to lift too heavy objects
Lifting heavy objects  Bending over at the waist when lifting
 Turning (twisting) back while lifting
 Use proper lifting practices (bend knees,
don’t twist)
 For very heavy objects, use mechanical
devices or get another person to help

 Spilled liquids not cleaned up
 Small objects are dropped on the floor
Slipping on the floor and left there
 People wear the wrong type of shoes for
conditions
 Wipe up all spills, and pick up dropped
items, immediately
 Wear sturdy shoes with slip-resistant
soles

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Identifying types of hazards

• Acceleration
• Chemical
• Physical
• Fire/Explosion
• Biological

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Identifying types of hazards…

• Workplace Violence

• Ergonomic

• Temperature Extremes

• Noise

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Identifying types of hazards

• Struck-by

• Contact

• Caught

• Falls

• Over Excretion

• Over Exposure

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Develop Control Measures

The Hierarchy of Controls

• Engineering controls #1

• Administrative controls #2

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) #3

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Engineering Controls
• Consist of
 Substitution
 Isolation
 Ventilation
 Equipment modification
• These controls focus on the source of the
hazard
• Other controls generally focus on the employee
exposed to the hazard.
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Engineering Controls

• The basic concept behind engineering

controls is that, to the extent feasible, the
work environment and the job itself should be
designed to eliminate hazards or reduce
exposure to hazards

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Administrative Controls
• Administrative controls act on the worker, not
the hazard. The hazard still exists, but the
worker avoids the hazard by the way they do
their job.

Using a lifting platform

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Administrative Controls
• Measures aimed at reducing employee
exposure to hazards
 Providing variety in jobs
 Adjusting work schedules and work pace
 Providing recovery time
 Modifying work practices
 Regular housekeeping
 Maintenance of work spaces
 tools, and equipment

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Administrative Practices

• General workplace rules and other operation-

specific rules Standard Operation Procedures
 Respiratory Protection
 Lockout/Tagout
 Confined Space Entry
 Hazard Communication
 Blood borne Pathogens
 Hearing Conservation

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Personal Protective Equipment

• When exposure to hazards cannot be

engineered completely out of normal operations
and Engineering or administrative controls
cannot provide sufficient additional protection
from exposure, personal protective clothing
and/or equipment PPE may be required.

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Personal protective equipment

• Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be
considered only after other control methods
have been tried or shown not to be feasible.
• It requires the employee to understand the
nature of the hazard and the limitations of the
PPE.
• It also requires constant management to
ensure the PPE is appropriate for the hazard,
employees are properly trained to use the PPE
correctly, and a supply of replacements is
readily available.

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Controlling hazards Summary

• At the Source
 Elimination
 Substitution
 Enclose the source
• Along the Path
 Exhaust Ventilation
 Machine Guards
• At the Worker
 Administrative Controls
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Job Hazard Analysis Summary

• Select the job to be analyzed

• Watch the work being done

• Break the job down into steps/tasks

• Describe the hazards in each step of the task

• Utilize Your Employees

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Job Hazard Analysis Summary

• Develop Control Measures

• Develop and Implement Safe Operating

Procedures

• Evaluate and improve

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