1. What are the types of open wounds? Characterize each types.

A. Incisions – caused by a clean, sharp edged object such as a knife,

a razor or a glass splinter.
 Smooth edges
B. Laceration – Rough, irregular wounds caused by crushing or
ripping forces.
 Cut with jagged, irregular edges, tearing away of skin tissue
C. Abrasions – superficial wound in which the topmost layers of the
skin are scraped off, often caused by a sliding fall onto a rough
surface
 Top layer of skin is removed, little or no bleeding, painful
D. Puncture wounds – caused by an object puncturing the skin, such
as a nail or needle
 Deep , narrow, high risk of infection
E. Avulsion wounds – this is a wound that occurs due to the integrity
of any tissue is compromised
 Flap of skin torn loose

2. What are the types of closed wounds? Characterize each type.

A. Contusions – more commonly known as bruises, caused by a blunt
force trauma that damages tissue under the skin
B. Hematoma – caused by damage to a blood vessel that in turn
causes blood to collect under the skin
C. Crushing injuries – Caused by a great or extreme amount of force
applied over a long period of time.

3. What is healing by first intention?

- Refers to the healing of a wound in which the edges are closely re-
approximated. In this type of wound healing, union or restoration of
continuity occurs directly with minimal granulation tissue and scar
formation. It works best with wounds or incisions where there has been
little loss of tissue. Healing by primary intention is often used in a
surgical setting where a clean incision is present. The wound is closed
by using skin adhesive, staples, Sterile-Strips, or sutures. Primary
closure is a procedure where there has been little tissue loss to help
prevent infection and aid in the healing process.

4. What is healing by second intention?

- Secondary intention happens when a wound has a great deal of lost
tissue, or is extensive and the edges can't be brought together. An
example would be a pressure ulcer. The wound healing process for
secondary intention is different from primary intention; repair and
healing time is longer, greater chances of scarring and Increased
chance of infections.

5. What is healing by third intention?

 - Occurs through a staged procedure that combines secondary healing
with delayed primary closure
- Avulsive or contaminated wound are repeatedly debrided, along with
antibiotic therapy and allowed to granulate and heal by secondary
intention for 5-7 days
- Once adequate granulation tissue has formed and risk of infection
minimal, the wound is then sutured close to heal by primary intention.

6. Included in the documentation during collection of forensic evidence are:

A. Blood strains
B. Hair
C. Finger print
D. Tools they used (evidence)
E. Mucus stains

7. The components of injury prevention are the following. Describe each

component
A. Education – Provide essential knowledge on how to treat wounds to
prevent occurrence of infection.
B. Legislation – Provide power and function to protect the environment
C. Automatic protection – Provide protection when an injury occur, it
enables people to be aware of an incoming problem.

8. What is a disaster?
- A disaster is a natural or man-made hazard resulting in an event of
substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction,
loss of life, or drastic change to the environment.
- It is a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and
destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people

9. Give the management of disaster:

D – Detention – is the first step of effective disaster response
I – Incident Management – Effective incident management requires:
command, coordination, communication
S – Safety and security- Protecting self-first priority in order to save lives in
safe manner
A – Assess hazards – Assess for any substance that can be potentially
cause harm
S – Support – Support is getting what is needed to get the job done
T – Triage and treatment – To do the greatest good for the greatest
number of possible survivors
E – Evaluation – Must be built into community and facility disaster
response plans and practice
R – Recovery – Restore normalcy cause by disaster.

10. Characterize the 3 disaster levels

A. Level I - The disaster can be managed within the capabilities and
resources at the District level, however, the state authorities will
remain in readiness to provide assistance if needed.
B. Level II – This signifies the disaster situations will require
assistance and active mobilization of resources at the state level
and deployment of state level agency for disaster management.
The central agencies must remain vigilant for immediate
deployment if required by the state.
C. Level III – This corresponds to a nearly catastrophic situation or a
very large-scale disaster that overwhelms the State and District
authorities.