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Abstract
Up to March 2012, there were increasing leptospirosis cases in Ponorogo. A total of 11
cases of leptospirosis were reported by the Ponorogo District Health Center. This study
aims to detect pathogenic Leptospira bacteria using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in
suspected leptospirosis in Ponorogo. Collection of blood samples carried out by the local
health care medical personnel (doctor, midwife or nurse) was accompanied by a team of
researchers. Subjects were people with fever (temperature >380C) or fever accompanied
by headache, muscle aches, and rash conjunctivitis. Blood and urine samples were taken
purposively. Active case detection was also conducted in communities around the
previous patients who had a history of infection risk and relationship of leptospirosis.
Further blood samples examined by two different methods, Lepto Tek Lateral Flow and
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Ninety blood and urine samples was collected. Four
samples were positive for pathogenic Leptospira DNA consisted of two samples of blood
(whole blood) and two samples of urine. PCR-positive samples in the blood has negative
results of Lepto Tek examination. While the PCR-positive samples in the urine, Lepto Tek
was positive. Lepto tek showed lower sensitivity in early detection of leptospirosis.
Examination of blood and urine samples using PCR can support the early discovery of
leptospirosis cases.
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SPIRAKEL, Vol.7 No.1, Juni 2015: 7-13 Deteksi Leptospira Patogen …(Dyah dan Anggun)
DOI : 10.22435/spirakel.v7i1.6126.7-13
menunjukkan hasil positif pemeriksaan PCR pada darah, namun hasil pemeriksaan Lepto
Tek-nya negatif, sedangkan sampel positif pemeriksaan PCR pada urin, hasil Lepto Tek-
nya positif. Deteksi dini Leptospirosis menggunakan Lepto Tek menunjukkan sensitivitas
rendah. Pemeriksaan sampel darah dan urin menggunakan metode PCR dapat
mendukung upaya penemuan kasus leptospirosis sejak dini.
Naskah masuk: 9 Maret 2014; Review I: 9 Maret 2015; Review II: 30 Maret 2015; Layak Terbit: 16 Juni 2015
_____________________________
Alamat korespondensi: anggundjati@gmail.com
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SPIRAKEL, Vol.7 No.1, Juni 2015: 7-13 Deteksi Leptospira Patogen …(Dyah dan Anggun)
DOI : 10.22435/spirakel.v7i1.6126.7-13
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SPIRAKEL, Vol.7 No.1, Juni 2015: 7-13 Deteksi Leptospira Patogen …(Dyah dan Anggun)
DOI : 10.22435/spirakel.v7i1.6126.7-13
M 1 2
615 bp
Gambar 1. Hasil Elektroforesis Produk PCR yang Positif Mengandung Bakteri Leptospira
Patogen pada Sampel Urin (lane 1) dan Sampel Darah (lane 2)
Tabel 3. Gejala klinis penderita leptospirosis dengan hasil pemeriksaan PCR Positif
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SPIRAKEL, Vol.7 No.1, Juni 2015: 7-13 Deteksi Leptospira Patogen …(Dyah dan Anggun)
DOI : 10.22435/spirakel.v7i1.6126.7-13
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SPIRAKEL, Vol.7 No.1, Juni 2015: 7-13 Deteksi Leptospira Patogen …(Dyah dan Anggun)
DOI : 10.22435/spirakel.v7i1.6126.7-13
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SPIRAKEL, Vol.7 No.1, Juni 2015: 7-13 Deteksi Leptospira Patogen …(Dyah dan Anggun)
DOI : 10.22435/spirakel.v7i1.6126.7-13
lateral flow hanya efektif untuk melihat Ponorogo Tahun 2012 [Laporan
seroprevalensi leptospirosis di suatu Penelitian]. Balai Litbang P2B2
area, namun kurang efektif untuk deteksi Banjarnegara; 2012.
di awal waktu sakit. Pemeriksaan PCR
5. Kositanont, U., Rugsasuk, S.,
dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif
Leelaporn, A., Phulsuksombati, D.,
metode pemeriksaan yang dapat
Tantitanawat, S., Naigowit, P.
digunakan untuk deteksi dini.
Detection and Differentiation
Pemeriksaan PCR juga dapat dilakukan
Between Pathogenic And
pada fase kronis dengan menggunakan
Saprophytic Leptospira spp. by
sampel urin.
Multiplex Polymerase Chain
Reaction. Diagnostic Microbiology
KESIMPULAN and Infectious Disease. 2007;
Deteksi dini Leptospirosis 57:117– 122.
menggunakan Leptotek lateral flow 6. World Health Organization. Human
menunjukkan sensitivitas rendah. Leptospirosis: Guidance For
Pemeriksaan sampel darah dan urin Diagnosis, Surveillance And Control.
menggunakan metode PCR dapat WHO; 2003.
mendukung upaya penemuan kasus
sejak dini. 7. Wageenar, J.F.P., Falke, T.H.F.,
Nam, N.V., Binh, T.Q., Smith, H.L.,
SARAN Cobelens, F.G.J., and de Vries, P.J.
Rapid Serological Assay for
Penemuan dini kasus leptospirosis Leptospirosis are of Limited Value in
tidak cukup hanya dengan menggunakan Southern Vietnam. Trop Med and
Leptotek, tetapi perlu didukung dengan Parasitology. 2004; 98(8):843-50.
pemeriksaan PCR, sehingga pengobatan
segera dapat dilakukan. Pengambilan 8. Perwez, K., Suman VB., Nayanatara
sampel yang diperiksa berupa darah Arun Kumar, N.A., andHussain,
maupun urin. M.A. Leptospirosis in Febrile
Patients: Diagnosis by Serology and
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH Polymerase Chain Reaction. Journal
of Biology and Life Science. 2011;
Penulis ucapkan terimakasih 2(1): E2.
kepada Kepala Dinas Kesehatan
Kabupaten Ponorogo beserta seluruh 9. Bal, AE., Gravekamp, C., Hartskeerl,
stafnya, Kepala Balai Litbang P2B2 RA., De Meza-Brewster, J., Korver,
Banjarnegara atas ijinnya, dan seluruh H., Terrpstra. Detection of
rekan-rekan pegawai yang telah Leptospires in Urine by PCR for
membantu pelaksanaan penelitian. Early Diagnosis of Leptospirosis.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.
August 1994; 32(8):1894-1898.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA 10. Dewi, SK, 2010. Penyelidikan
1. Vinetz, JM. Leptospirosis. Current Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB)
Opinion of Infectious Diseases. Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Bantul
2001; 14: 527-538. Tahun 2010. [Laporan Penelitian].
Balai Litbang P2B2 Banjarnegara;
2. Levett, PN. Leptospirosis. Clin 2010.
Microbiol Rev. 2001; 14(2): 296–
326. 11. Jones, S and Kim, T. Fulminant
Leptospirosis in a Patient with
3. DKK Ponorogo. Data Kasus Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Penyakit Menular. 2010. Infection: Case Report and Review
4. Djati, AP. Inventarisasi Faktor Risiko of the Literature. Clinical Infectious
Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Diseases. 2001; 33:E31–3.
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