INT 1 Student Booklet

BOĞAZİÇİ UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

GENERAL ENGLISH COURSES
INTERMEDIATE I
1. Interchange 2 Fifth Edition – Units 1-8
2. Interchange 2 Workbook – Units 1-8
3. YADYOK Supplementary Material (Reading + Grammar + Vocabulary) provided for each
student
4. Interchange 2 Video Activity Book
5. Any other material considered to be suitable for the students
WEEKLY SCHEDULE
WEEK UNIT NOTES
1 1
2 2
3 2, 3
4 3, 4
5 4 The first exam, which covers units 1-4, is to be given during the 30th
hour.
6 5
7 6
8 6, 7
9 7, 8
10 8 The final exam, which covers units 1-8, is to be given during the 59th
hour.
1
2
UNIT 1
3
4
READING
MARIE CURIE
1 Marie Curie was born in Poland on the 7th November 1867. She is
famous for the discovery of the radioactive elements polonium and
radium.
Marie Curie was a little girl born in Poland. Her family had five children
and her parents were both teachers. They loved books, poetry and
science and taught their children many things. They used to play games
together. Marie had a very loving family, but they weren’t always happy.
Her mother died from tuberculosis when Marie was ten.
2 In France, girls did not use to go to university at that time. Also, her father had too little
money to support them. Marie and her sister agreed to help each other. Marie’s elder sister, Bronia,
became a doctor. Marie worked and paid for her sister’s education. Marie went to Paris in 1891 to
study at Sorbonne. This time her sister paid for her college. She took two Master's degrees—one in
physics, the other in mathematics and became a brilliant scientist.
3 In 1895, Marie married Pierre Curie, and together they began working on radiation
experiments with uranium. In 1898, the Curies discovered polonium and radium. Marie named
polonium after her motherland—Poland. In 1903, Curie, together with Henri Becquerel, won
the Nobel Prize for physics. Her husband Pierre died in an accident in 1906. This was the second big
tragedy in her life after her mother’s death. Marie took over her husband’s post as a professor at
Sorbonne and became the first woman to teach there. She was awarded a second Nobel in 1911 (for
chemistry) for her work on radium and its compounds.
4 During the First World War Marie realized that the X-rays could help doctors. Her X-ray
machines were mobile. She set up about 200 radiological units in the war arenas during the war.
Doctors used X-rays and removed bullets from soldiers’ bodies easily. After the war, she concentrated
on investigating the medical uses of radioactive materials.
5 Together with her daughter, Marie set up a training program at the Radium Institute
and taught doctors to work with the X-ray equipment. Her work helped a lot to detect serious diseases
such as cancer and tuberculosis. Marie Curie died on the 4th of July 1934 from leukemia because of
radiation in her research lab.
6 Marie Curie is the example of a great mind. Her work helped medical science and saved
thousands of lives.
5
A. Match the words below with their definitions.

1. brilliant ______________ a. to start a company or an organization
2. post ______________ b. discover or notice something
3. set up ______________ c. a small, metal object that

is fired from a gun
4. bullet ______________ d. extremely clever
5. investigate ______________ e. a job
6. detect ______________ f. try to find all the facts about

something
A. Read the text and answer the following questions.
1. What is Marie Curie’s most important discovery?
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. How did Marie help her sister?
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Where does the name “polonium” come from?
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. What was the first tragedy in Marie’s life?
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Which study helped her get the second Nobel prize?
______________________________________________________________________________________
6. What did doctors do with X-rays during the First World War?
______________________________________________________________________________________
7. Why did doctors use X-rays after the war?
______________________________________________________________________________________
6
GRAMMAR
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct past forms of the verbs in brackets.
Rich and Amanda Ligato were professional people with successful careers. Every week, they (1)
________________ (work) hard. They often (2) ________________ (want) to do something fun and
exciting at the weekend but, in the end, there (3) ________________ (be) never time. One day they (4)
________________ (ask) themselves, ‘Is this all there is?’
They (5) ________________ (realize) that they (6) ________________ (want) to stop working and to go
travelling. Or, as Rich said, ‘to buy our freedom.’ But first they (7) ________________ (need) to save
some money. Every month, they (8) ________________ (live) on Rich’s salary and (9) ________________
(save) Amanda’s. Then they (10) ________________ (buy)a campervan to travel from the bottom of South
America to Brazil and from there they (11) ________________ (hope) to get to Africa on a container ship.
Colleagues at work (12) ________________ (find) their decision difficult to understand. Even their closest
friends (13) ________________ (think) they (14) ________________ (be) crazy to go on this kind of
journey but finally, the day (15) ________________ (come). They (16) ________________ (leave) home
and (17) ________________ (start) to live their dream.
B. Read the conversation between a professor and Jackie. Complete the sentence with used to
+ the verb in brackets in positive, negative or question form.
Jackie: What things (1) used to be (be) different in the
past?
Professor: For a start, all the continents
(2)____________________(form) one large piece of land.
Obviously, there (3) ____________________(not/be) cities
and buildings, and forest covered a third of the Earth. The climate was different, and animals such
as the hippopotamus and rhinoceros (4) ____________________(exist1) in northern Europe. Many
mountains in Europe (5) ____________________ (be) active volcanoes.
Jackie: Did they have a communal life?
1
exist: to be real or present
7
Professor: Early people (6) ____________________(not/live) in complex societies, but in small

groups in places where they could find food.
Jackie: What (7) ____________________ (eat)?
Professor: They (8) ____________________ (eat) whatever they could find. Early people (9)
____________________ (not/stay) in the same place but (10) ____________________ (travel) long
distances, following the animals they needed for food.
C. Read the text below and fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb given in
brackets. Use the appropriate form of “used to” or “can” in the blanks with an asterisk (*)
Science (1) ____________________ *(have) a great effect on society. Take ice cream, for example.
Today, people all over the world, rich or poor, (2) ____________________ (eat) ice cream. Before
there (3) ____________________ (be) modern refrigerators, however, ice cream was a luxury food.
The history of ice cream (4) ____________________ (go) back to ancient times. In 400 BCE, Persians
(5) ____________________ (make) a frozen dessert with noodles and fruit. There are early records of
frozen milk and rice in China from around 200 BCE. King Tang of Shang of China (6)
____________________ *(eat) frozen buffalo milk.
Before refrigeration existed, people (7) ____________________ (need) ice to make frozen desserts.
For example, in ancient Rome, people (8) ____________________ *(go) into the mountains and collect
snow. They (9) ____________________ * (bring) it to the city and mix the snow with fruit. This was
later called “sorbet.”
When an Italian duchess (10) ____________________ (move) to France, she brought sorbet and other
frozen desserts with her. After sorbet and ice cream (11) ____________________ (become) popular
in France, they spread to the rest of Europe. However, only the rich (12) ____________________
*(eat) them.
In the twentieth century, ice cream (13) ____________________ (become) easier to make and keep.
After scientists (14) ____________________ (find) better processes for freezing things, ice cream
became popular with all classes, rich and poor. Then, in the 1940s and 1950s, British chemists (15)
____________________ (discover) a new way to make ice cream. They (16) ____________________
(put) air into it. This (17) ____________________ (make) ice cream bigger and softer. Now, ice cream
was less expensive. It (18) ____________________ (last) longer, too. As soon as ice cream became
more available, people (19) ____________________ (begin) to buy it more often.
Today, almost anyone, rich or poor (20) ____________________ *(buy) ice cream and (21)
____________________ (keep) it at home. Ice cream (22) ____________________ (be) a universal
dessert, popular all over the world.
8
D. Write questions for the underlined answers.
Example: He can speak 3 languages.
How many languages can he speak?
1. My uncle died in 1990.
___________________________________________
2. Anne was in London last week.
___________________________________________
3. I always call my mum at the weekend.
___________________________________________
4. My son wakes up at 6.30 every morning.
___________________________________________
5. They visited us twice last month.
___________________________________________
6. It takes me 1 hour to get to work.
___________________________________________
7. She's wearing jeans and a white blouse.
___________________________________________
8. The tickets were $10.
___________________________________________
9. That football is the children's.
___________________________________________
10. She likes ice-cream and chocolate.
___________________________________________
11. He is warm and friendly.
___________________________________________
9
VOCABULARY
A newspaper reporter interviewed Laila, a successful woman boxer.
Read the interview and fill in the blanks with the words in the
appropriate form. There are 2 extras.
immigrant take up messy outdoors award

urged donated memory hide-and-seek collected
headlines remember childhood neat superhero
I: Hello Laila. Thank you for accepting the interview. I want to ask you some questions about your
personal and professional life. Let me start with your (1) _____________________. What was your life
like when you were a child?
L: Well, I was born to a/an (2) _____________________family. My parents came to Miami from Mexico in
1975. My earliest (3) _____________________of my family is when we all played (4)
_____________________ in our garden. My father used to find us very easily and we were annoyed.
I: Did you use to spend a lot of time (5) _____________________?
L: Oh, yes. We used to play in the garden and on the streets a lot. I (6) _____________________ playing
football with the boys.
I: How about the times you spent in the house? I know that you have 5 other siblings. Did you have your
own room?
L: Of course not. We lived in a small house and I had to share my room with my 3 sisters. You can guess,
the room was always (7) _____________________and my mum was annoyed all the time.
I: We all have role models in our lives. I guess something or someone (8) _____________________you to
become a boxer. What/Who was that?
L: When I was a child I used to watch boxing on TV and Muhammad Ali was my (9)
_____________________. When I was 17, I watched a women’s boxing match. I was thrilled and I wanted
to be a professional boxer. I decided to (10) _____________________boxing then.
I: When did you win your first (11) _____________________as a boxer?
L: I was 21 years old when I won all my eight matches with a knockout. My name was on the
(12)_____________________of newspapers.
I: What was the prize?
L: I won a gold medal and 4.000 dollars.
I: What did you do with the money?
L: I spent half of it for my family and I (13) _____________________the other half to Women’s Federation
of boxing.
I: Thank you Laila for sharing your memories with our readers.
10
UNIT 2
11
12
READING
LAST DAYS OF THE RICKSHAW
1 Kolkata (previously known as Calcutta) is the
famous capital of West Bengal in India and the home of
nearly 15 million people. The traffic jams and engine
fumes begin early in the morning with long lines of private
cars, public buses, taxis, three-wheeled scooters and
pedicabs2. There aren’t enough alternatives. You can
catch a train through the city or take the underground but
sooner or later you have to go on foot. Walking in Kolkata
is a dangerous activity, though. As the drivers race towards
pedestrians, they blow their horns. The sound never stops from morning to night.
2 So, when I crossed a small road on my first day in the city, I was surprised because I heard a bell–
not a horn. It was a tiny man pulling a rickshaw. He stopped and picked up two children from the front
door of their house and then, with great strength, pulled them to school. For many people, the rickshaw
is a symbol of Kolkata and they have many advantages. When the traffic is bad, rickshaws find a way through
the traffic. If you miss your bus and there aren’t any taxis, you can always find a rickshaw in Kolkata.
Rickshaws are also very popular with local shoppers. The driver takes you from your house to the market
and waits for you. Then he loads all your shopping bags, drops you off outside your home and helps you
unload. No other type of public transport offers this kind of service.
3 You also see more people getting on and off rickshaws during the monsoon season. That’s the
period from June to September when Kolkata gets too much rainfall. Sometimes it rains for 48 hours
without a break. In the older parts of the city, the roads flood. The water can rise as high as people’s
waists in the worst parts. When it’s this bad, anything with an engine is useless. But the rickshaw drivers
never stop working, even with water all around them.
4 But not everyone thinks rickshaws are a good thing. Some local officials and politicians want to ban
rickshaws on ‘humanitarian grounds’. They believe it is wrong for one man to pull another person when
there is enough modern transport in the city. However, there is a problem with this plan. Many of the
rickshaw drivers come from the countryside with no job and no qualifications. The only job they can find
in Kolkata is pulling a rickshaw. If the city forbids rickshaws, these men won’t have a job or income. So,
for the moment, the people of Kolkata still travel by rickshaw.
2
pedicab: a bicycle taxi without engine.
13
A. Match the words from the text below with their correct definitions.
a. fumes __________ 1. make illegal
b. monsoon __________ 2. smoke and gases from an engine
c. flood __________ 3. covered in water
d. ban __________ 4. a period of heavy rain
B. Read the text and mark the statements as True (T) or False (F)
1. The population of Kolkata is over 15 million. _________
2. If you want to go somewhere, you definitely have to walk a bit. __________
3. In Kolkata, there is noise pollution all day. ___________
C. Answer the following questions.

1. Why was the author surprised when he crossed the road?
________________________________________________________________
2. Which of the following is not true for Rickshaws according to paragraph 2?

a. They take children to school
b. They avoid traffic jam
c. They are difficult to find
d. They are easy to use for shopping at a local market
3. Where in Kolkata are the rickshaws more necessary during monsoon season?
________________________________________________________________
4. Who thinks that rickshaw drivers should not carry people?
________________________________________________________________
5. What can be the disadvantage for rickshaw drivers if rickshaws are banned?
________________________________________________________________
14
GRAMMAR
A. Complete the dialogue with too many, too much, or enough.
Lara: Where are we going today?

Ramón: I don’t know. There are (1) _____________________ places to choose from.
Emma: Why don’t we go to the Washington Monument?
Ramón: Won’t there be (2) _____________________ people there?
Emma No, it should be OK.
Lara: Yes, but it costs (3) _____________________.
Ramón: Don’t worry. I have (4) _____________________ money. I can lend you some.
Lara: OK. Come on, let’s go.
Ramón: Can we walk down by the river after that?
Lara: Well, we don’t want to take (5) _____________________ time.
Emma: It’ll be OK. We have (6) _____________________ time.
Ramón: Yes, you are right. When we take the subway, I don’t like it.
Lara: I don’t like buses as well. They are worse. There is (7) _____________________ traffic and
there isn’t (8) _____________________ space.
Ramón: It’s fast, but it isn’t interesting. I want to see things.
Emma: Come on, let’s go. Otherwise we really won’t have (9) _____________________ time.
B. Read the paragraph below and underline the correct quantifier.

School Boy
I always carry (1) too much/too many things in my backpack. Of course, I have
(2) more /less books than my brother because I am a 4th grader. My brother
needs fewer/less books. I have a really big dictionary, so it is heavy. Also, I
carry (4) too much/too many notebooks—I have a different notebook for each
class. So, I do not have (5) enough/too many space for food. My mother told
me that I need a bigger backpack because I need (6) more/less space to carry
my lunch. I think all students have the same problem. Teachers should give
(7) less/more homework so that students can carry (8) less/fewer books.
15
C. Sarah and Curtis both live in nearby cities. They compare their living situations. Fill in the
blanks with the appropriate quantifier “enough, too many, too much, less, fewer, more”.
Sarah: Curtis, you live in Old Town, right? Is it a nice place to live?
Curtis: Not really! There are (1) _____________________ things I don't like about it.
Sarah: For example?
Curtis: Well, for one, night life is not great. There aren't (2) _____________________ bars or night
spots in my opinion. Also, the town is a little slow for my taste.
Sarah: Fair point. But I hear it's really relaxing and charming. I hear Old Town is quite cheap.
Curtis: True, it is relatively inexpensive, but that is also because there aren't (3)
_____________________ places to spend money. I think Old town needs (4)
_____________________recreation areas.
Sarah: Yeah, sounds quite good. I like that, though. So how do you pass the time?
Curtis: Well, there are parks inside the city. And there are mountains and beaches nearby, so if you
like nature, there are (5) _____________________ places to hang out than big cities.
Sarah: Sounds perfect to me. Portsville is too crowded for my taste. It has (6)
_____________________ cars, (7) _____________________ pollution, (8) _____________________
people. Old Town sounds perfect to me.
Curtis: True. Old Town does have (9) _____________________ pollution, (10)
_____________________ crime, (11) _____________________ cars so (12) _____________________
worries. Still, I'd still rather live in Portsville.
Sarah: Well, maybe we should switch apartments!
Curtis: You know, you might have a good idea. So how big is your apartment?
16
D. Jack has just landed in the USA and he is talking to the

immigration officer. Change the questions in brackets
into indirect questions.
Immigration Officer: Good morning, sir.
Jack Wilson: Good morning.
Officer: May I see your passport, please?
Jack: Yes, certainly.
Officer: Thank you. Can you tell me _________________________________________________?
(Which flight did you arrive on?)
Jack: Yes. The British Airways flight from Heathrow.
Officer: I see. Could you tell me _________________________________________________?
(How long will you stay in the United States?)
Jack: Three weeks.
Officer: Do you have a return ticket?
Jack: Yes, I do–on 14 July. Would you like to see the ticket?
Officer: No, that’s OK. Could you tell me _________________________________________________?
(What is the purpose of your visit?)
Jack: I’m visiting my family. My uncle lives here.
Officer: Could you tell me _________________________________________________?
(Where will you stay?)
Jack: At his house in Boston.
Officer: OK. Thank you, Mr. Wilson. Enjoy your stay.
Jack: Sorry, can I ask you something?
Officer: Sure.
17
Jack: Do you know _________________________________________________?
(Where can I get a bus ticket to the city center?)
Officer: There is a box office just outside the airport.
Jack: Thank you.
E. You work in the human resources department and you are going to interview a candidate for
the sales department. The following are the possible questions you want to ask to the
interviewee. For each of the statements below, write a direct question and then ask the
same question indirectly.
1. You want to know about his/her university education.
Direct Question: Where did you graduate from?
What did you study at university?
Indirect Question: Could you tell me where you graduated

from.
I’d like to know what you studied at university.
2. You want to know about his/her experience in sales.
Direct Question: How much experience do you have in sales?
Indirect Question: _________________________________________________?
3. You want to know his/her reasons for choosing this job.
Direct Question: Why did you _________________________________________?
4. You want to learn the reason(s) for leaving his/her previous job.
Direct Question: Why _________________________________________________?
5. You are curious about his/her expectations about the salary
Direct Question: _________________________________________________?
18
VOCABULARY
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the words in

the box. There are 2 extras.
pedestrian rush hour provide commute

speed affordable pollution cheerful
eco-friendly traffic jam run
Transportation in the future
It is the year 2025. Meet the Watts. They are a three-car family who uses electric vehicles.
Bob is similar to most people who (1) _____________________ to work every day. However, he is
different from other drivers because he uses a/an (2) _____________________ car. His car does not
pollute the air as it uses electricity. He charges his car at home overnight so it’s ready for the morning
(3)_____________________ to work. If he needs more electricity, there’s a ‘charging station’ in the
office car park. The cost of energy for his car is much more (4) _____________________ than standard
cars.
Sonia’s car travels about 30 kilometers on a full battery so it’s good for short trips such as going to the
shops or visiting friends nearby. The car also has its own computer which tells her if there are
(5)_____________________ or road works on the road ahead.
Justin works from home but enjoys going on a long journey in his sports car at the weekend. His car
(6)_____________________ on electricity too. Instead of going to a petrol station for petrol, he can
change his battery on the motorway or plug it into a high-voltage charger. Another device in the car’s
engine stops him from going over the (7) _____________________ limit.
Their neighbors still use a car with a petrol engine but most cars have electric engines. The roads are
quieter and there is less (8) _____________________ because electric cars do not emit carbon.
Therefore, life is also better for (9) _____________________ and cyclists!
19
20
UNIT 3
21
22
READING
A
C D
WHY DO WE BUILD STRANGE PLACES?

1 There are many amazing buildings around the world. Perhaps some near you. But why do
people build strange places? Why don’t they just design buildings that are useful and practical? One
reason is that some of us like to be different. We can see that in the houses where we live and also
in the clothes we wear. So, perhaps it’s not surprising that French fashion designer Pierre Cardin has
a very special home: The Bubble House in the south of France. With its round windows, oval doors
and curved walls, some people say it looks more like a plant or an animal than a house. Others say
that it is a place for aliens. However, even if you don’t like it and do not find practical to live in, you
have to admit it’s original.
2 Another reason for designing unusual buildings is to attract people’s attention to inside. One
of the best examples is the Kansas City Public Library in Missouri, USA. The outside wall of the library
looks like a row of enormous books. The message is clear: there are books in here. The designers of
the library asked local residents to choose the books that best represent their city. And now these
giant books attract people to the library. So, what’s next? A café that looks like a coffee cup? A hotel
in the shape of a bed? Or a baker’s with walls of bread?
3 Some people want to use their buildings to communicate. Take, for example, businessman
Daniel Czapiewski who built the Upside Down House in Szymbark, Poland. When you go inside, you
walk on the ceiling. The furniture is on the floor, but the floor is above your head! Although many
people feel sick as they walk around the house, it is very popular with tourists. However, for Mr.
Czapiewski the house is more than a simple tourist attraction. He built it to protest about the state
of the world; to say that we are running the world the wrong way.
4 Finally, some buildings are special because of their strange location: on a mountain top, in a
lonely forest, or on a rocky island. Often the reason that people choose to build in such strange places
is to find a quieter life; to escape the noise and violence of the world. Perhaps the best examples
are the Meteora monasteries, which sit on top of spectacular rock columns in central Greece. Tourists
are welcome at some times but the monasteries are still really peaceful places with the most
wonderful views you can imagine. The only problem is to decide whose turn it is to go out to buy the
bread.
23
A. Match the words below with their definitions.
1. curved __________ a. the use of physical force to harm someone, to

damage property, etc.
2. aliens __________
b. having a rounded shape
3. admit __________
c. people who live in a particular place
4. enormous __________ d. to agree you did something bad
e. very great in size or amount
5. residents __________
f. creatures from somewhere other than the planet
6. violence __________
Earth
B. Fill in the blanks with the words above.

1. We chose not to do the project because of the _____________________ costs.
2. I didn't think I'd like the movie, but I have to _____________________ that it was good.
3. The movie is a story about an attack on Earth by an army of _____________________.
4. They spoke out against the use of _____________________ against women.
5. In this neighborhood, the _____________________ have to pay extra taxes for their car parks.
6. Because drivers do not slow down as much as they should, most accidents happen on
____________________ roads.
C. Read the article and match buildings A–D with the reasons for building them 1–5. There is
one extra reason.
1. to enjoy peace and quiet _________

2. to express an opinion _________
3. to win a competition _________
4. to show the owner’s personality _________
5. to tell people what’s inside _________
D. Read the article again. Are the statements true (T), false (F) or doesn’t say (DS)?
1. The author of the article is an architect. ____________

2. The Bubble House is not a place for people to live. _____________
3. The people of Kansas City helped choose the books for the decoration of the library walls.
_____________
4. A lot of people visit the Upside Down House. ____________
5. You can visit the Meteora monasteries at weekends. _____________
24
GRAMMAR
Evaluations and comparisons
Evaluations with adjectives Evaluations with nouns

Dormitories aren’t big enough for students. The school doesn’t have enough garden for the
The garden is too small for pets. students.
The students make too much noise.
Comparisons with adjectives Comparisons with nouns
Nissan isn’t as modern as Ferrari. Carlos Slim has just as many properties as Bill Gates.
My house is just as convenient as your Carlos Slim has as much money as Bill Gates.
house.
A. Ivy and her parents are trying to decide on a house to buy. Read the dialogue and fill in the
blanks with “enough, too, as …. as, as many …. as, as much.… as, just as …. as, too much”
and the words given in brackets.
Dad: The detached house in the suburbs is (1) __________________________ (spacious); it’s got
three bedrooms, a huge kitchen, an attic, a basement, and a garden.
Ivy: I do not want to live in the suburbs. There’s a bigger flat for sale upstairs on the third floor.
Why don’t we buy that?
Dad: Because it’s expensive and it isn’t (2) __________________________ (big).
Ivy: Why do you want to move to the suburbs? The suburbs is not (3) __________________________
(convenient) the center. The center has got shops and it’s the most interesting part of the town!
Dad: And the most expensive too. We have to spend (4) __________________________ money to
live here in the center. The city center is cramped and there is (5) __________________________
noise. Life is a lot quieter in the suburbs.
Ivy: No, it isn’t. It’s worse! It’s (6) __________________________ (far) from all my friends. There’s
nothing to do there.
Mum: Why don’t we buy the country cottage! It isn’t (7) __________________________
(as/expensive) the house and it has (8) __________________________ (bedrooms) the one in the
suburbs. People are friendlier in the country. It’s the nicest place to live.
Ivy: No, it isn’t. It’s (9) __________________________ (just/boring) the suburbs.
Dad: Look at the pictures of the cottage house. The rooms are not (10)
__________________________ (bright). They look dingy. I do not think it has (11)
__________________________ (space) the house in the suburbs. We may not have (12)
__________________________ (room) in the garden to plant some flowers.
Mum: You are right. The garden looks small.
Dad: Maybe, we should look for another place.
25
B. My miserable life
1. Read the complaints of an office worker below.
I can’t say I am so happy with my life. First of all, I get up so early in the morning. I can never get
enough sleep. I start work at 8 every morning. I work
for an international trade company. I don’t like office
work much. I’d like to have an outdoor job. My boss is
quite strict. He wants me to work overtime very often.
When I get home at night, I am so tired and I cannot
spend time with my kids. This summer my wife and my
kids want to have a long holiday. However, my boss
does not let me go for long. I think we will have only
one week for holiday. I am still looking for a job. I
hope I will have a better job soon.
2. Use the text about the office worker. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the
bold-faced verbs in the text.
I can’t say I am so happy with my life. First of all, I wish I (1) __________________________ so early
in the morning. I wish I (2) __________________________ more sleep. I wish I (3)
__________________________ work later in the morning. I don’t like office work much. I wish I (4)
had an outdoor job. My boss is quite strict. I wish my boss (5) __________________________ me to
work overtime so often. When I get home at night, I am so tired. I wish I (6)
__________________________ time with my kids. This summer my wife and my kids want to have a
long holiday. I wish my boss (7) __________________________ me go for long. I wish we (8)
__________________________ two weeks for holiday. I am still looking for a job. I wish I (9)
__________________________ a better job soon.
26
C. Summer Study Abroad
Read the conversation between two friends at the college cafeteria. Fill in the blanks with the
appropriate forms of the verbs given.
Brad: I’m not really looking forward to taking classes this summer, but it’s something that I have to
do. I wish I (1) __________________________ (travel) instead. That’s what I did last summer: I
traveled around Spain for two months.
Alan: Where would you want to go this summer? Around the U.S.?
Brad: No, I really wish I (2) __________________________ (have) the money to go overseas again. In
fact, I wish I (3) __________________________ (spend) an entire year overseas.
Alan: An entire year?
Brad: Yeah, don’t you wish you (4) __________________________ (do) something like that, too? You
know, just take a break from school and do something else?
Alan: No, not really. I’m happy studying here. But I sure wish I (5) __________________________
(take) a heavier load this semester so I could finish school sooner. I need to start making some
money.
Brad: Not me. I’m happy taking just 12 credits every semester. My only wish is that I (6)
__________________________ (find) a part-time job. I really need a car to drive to school. I live in
the suburbs and it is not easy to commute. I wish (7) __________________________ (afford) to buy
a car.
Alan: I wish I (8) __________________________ (help) you. You know what? I just remember
something, and it might be what you’re looking for. Yesterday I saw a post for a student assistant in
the library. The working hours do not fit my schedule. I wish I (9) __________________________
(apply) for it but I cannot. Why don’t you go and apply?
Brad: Really! I will do it immediately. Thank you Brad. See you around.
27
VOCABULARY
Read the reviews of some hotels from a travel website. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate forms of
the words. There are 2 extras for each.
Taye Belay Hotel
convenient common average cramped comfortable separate
I spent one night here, and it was beyond awful. Apparently, this hotel has 2 different classes of
rooms. The 'good' rooms facing the town (and the front entrance side), and the 'awful' rooms (facing
the rear entrance side). I had the misfortune of getting one of the awful rooms. It was (1)
__________________________, hot and seemed to have the same furniture as the day the hotel
opened decades ago. The bed was rock hard and was so old. Sleeping on the ground outside may be
more (2) __________________________ than this 30+ year old bed. The location is (3)
__________________________ because it is close to the city center. The Wi-Fi did work OK, and the
breakfast buffet was (4) __________________________, nothing special indeed. I would not stay
here again.
The Caliph
dingy privacy closet space expense spacious wild inconvenient
I booked the room on a website. The pictures were nice and the rooms looked large and
(1)__________________________. When I went there, I was totally disappointed. The room
was (2)__________________________ and had no proper lights. You could easily hear people next
door so there was no (3)__________________________. I stayed there for one night. The
(4)__________________________ was not big enough for our suitcases. The room was
(5)__________________________ and the breakfast was awful. We had to pay extra for an omelet.
The only good thing was it was located centrally and the housekeeping staff was friendly. Book only
if your company is paying for it, not worth spending your own money.
Apart Hotel Asteria

per expect damage spacious modern rent wish
We (1)__________________________ an apart-hotel in Barcelona online. The price was reasonable

for a family, only $10 (2)__________________________ person. The building had a/an
(3)__________________________ architecture and the rooms were (4)_________________________.
My two kids were happy to find space to play. The room had a small kitchen with all the necessary
appliances so we did not (5)__________________________ that they would serve breakfast but they
did. The owners were very friendly. I definitely recommend this family-run hotel especially for
families. It is worth every penny you pay.
28
UNIT 4
29
30
READING
A CAFFEINE-FUELLED WORLD
1 Over the centuries, people have created many rituals for the
drinking their favorite drinks, tea and coffee. Just think of the
Japanese tea ceremony, British afternoon tea or the morning coffee
ritual in different societies. Why are these drinks so popular? The
answer is their secret ingredient—caffeine.
2 In the modern world, the new caffeine ‘delivery systems’ are canned ‘energy’ drinks. And the more
modern our world gets, the more we seem to need caffeine. Caffeine has a dual3 power. People know that
caffeinated drinks make you less tired and more alert. These two reasons tell why it is the world’s most
popular mood-changing drug. We even routinely serve this habit-forming psychoactive drug to our children
in all those soft drinks and chocolate bars. In fact, most babies in the developed world are born with small
amounts of caffeine in their bodies.
3 Most people don’t think twice about their caffeine intake. However, there are some negative
effects of it. For instance, it raises blood pressure and increases the risk of heart disease. Caffeinated
drinks are so popular nowadays so, scientists and public health authorities are worried about this
widespread use of caffeine. One result of this concern is that it is illegal to sell energy drinks in France
or Denmark. And in other European countries, manufacturers have to label them with warnings. The United
States has no such rule, but many canned energy drinks have warnings. On the other hand, research
suggests that caffeine may have benefits for human health. Studies have shown that it helps relieve pain,
reduces asthma symptoms and increases reaction speed. Despite this, a study in Ireland recommended that
children and pregnant women, among other groups, shouldn’t drink energy drinks.
4 But we need coffee – or Diet Coke or Red Bull – to get us out of bed and back to work. Charles
Czeisler, a neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School explains that “For most people, the pattern of sleeping
and waking has followed sunrise and sunset. The modern-day work schedule is not suitable for human
biology because it is set by clock. Humans had to adapt to this situation. Electric light, and caffeinated
food and drink allowed people to follow a work schedule set by the clock, not by daylight or the natural
sleep cycle”. Therefore, without caffeine, the 24-hour society of the developed world simply couldn’t
exist.
5 “Caffeine helps people change the human rhythm” says Czeisler. “Nevertheless,” he says, “there
is a heavy, heavy price to pay for all this extra wakefulness.” Without enough sleep – the conventional
eight hours out of each 24 hours – the human body will not function well, the doctor says.
According to Czeisler, “the main reason that people want caffeine is to stay awake,” he says. “But
people can’t stay awake because they don’t get enough regular sleep – because they use caffeine.”
3
dual: composed or consisting of two people, items, parts.
31
A. Match the words from the text with their meanings.

1. ritual ______________ a. affecting or including a lot of places
2. mood ______________ b. to change your behavior so that it is suitable for a

new situation
3. soft drink ______________ c. a cold, sweet drink that does not have alcohol in it
4. widespread ______________ d. worry
5. concern ______________ e. to be real or present
6. adapt ______________ f. an activity or a set of actions that are always done

in the same way or at the same time
7. exist ______________ g. the way someone feels at a particular time
B. Complete the following sentences with the words above. Use the appropriate form of the words.
1. He is very easygoing. He easily __________________________ to new situations.
2. In Buddhism, meditation is a religious __________________________ just like baptism in
Christianity.
3. The inflation is rising rapidly and poverty is a __________________________ problem in the
world.
4. The weather is cloudy and my __________________________ is completely negative.
5. If the problem still __________________________, please contact our head office.
6. He does not look well. I have __________________________ about his health.

7. I don’t drink alcohol because it is bad for my body. __________________________ are
better.
C. Read the text and answer the questions.

1. Why have tea and coffee been very popular over the centuries?
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________.
2. What are the two main advantages of caffeinated drinks?
a. __________________________________________
b. __________________________________________
3. What children foods contain caffeine?

_____________________________________________________________________________.
4. What are the negative effects of caffeine in the body?
a. __________________________________________
b. __________________________________________
32
5. Which of the following is not true according to the text?

a. In France and Denmark, you cannot buy energy drinks.
b. In Europe, caffeinated drinks must have warnings on them.
c. In Ireland children cannot drink energy drinks.
6. According to Charles Czeisler, what is the result of extra wakefulness for people?
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
7. What does “them” refer to in paragraph 2?
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
33
GRAMMAR
A. Read the text below and fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verbs in Simple Past
and Present Perfect.
Since computers were first introduced to the public

in the early 1980's, technology (1)
____________________________ (change) a great deal. The
first computers (2) ____________________________ (be)
simple machines designed for basic tasks. They (3) ____________________________ (have, not) much
memory and they (4) ____________________________ (be, not) very powerful. Early computers were
often quite expensive and customers often (5) ____________________________ (pay) thousands of
dollars for machines. They actually (6) ____________________________ (do) very little. Most
computers (7) ____________________________ (be) separate, individual machines used mostly as
expensive typewriters or for playing games.
Times (8) ____________________________ (change). Computers (9)

____________________________ (become) powerful machines with very practical applications since
then. Programmers create a large selection of useful programs and they do everything from teaching
foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games (10)
____________________________ (become) faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many
computer users (11) ____________________________ (get, also) on the Internet and (12)
____________________________ (begin) communicating with other computer users around the world.
We (13) ____________________________ (start) to create international communities online. In short,
the simple and individual machines (14) ____________________________ (evolve) into an
international World Wide Web of knowledge.
B. Victoria and Sue have met in a café. Read the dialogue between them and write the verbs in
the correct tense (Past Simple or Present Perfect).
Victoria: Hi, Sue. I (1) haven’t seen (not/see) you for ages!
Sue: Hi, Victoria, nice to see you again. No, you’re right, I (2) ____________________________
(not/be) in touch with anyone recently.
Victoria: So, what have you been up to?
Sue: You know I (3) ____________________________ (leave) my job in January so that I could go
freelance as a graphic designer.
Victoria: Yes, I remember you (4) ____________________________ (talk) a lot about that last year.
Sue: Well, it (5) ____________________________ (be) a really difficult year so far. I (6)
____________________________ (never/do) anything like this before and it’s much harder than I
34
(7) ____________________________ (imagine). (8) ____________________________ (you/ever/be)

self-employed?
Victoria: No, never. I often think about it, though. So why (9) ____________________________
(it/be) so difficult for you?
Sue: There’s a lot of insecurity. At the beginning I (10) ____________________________ (have)

three good clients. These are people that I (11) ____________________________ (know) for many
years. They’re still with me. I have more clients now. But apart from that, nothing really goes well.
Victoria: What about advertising in the specialist magazines?
Sue: Yes, I (12) ____________________________ (already/do) that. I (13)

____________________________ (put) an advert in Design Monthly a couple of months ago but there
were only a few replies. But I have a new website and I’m quite optimistic about using it to
generate business. I (14) ____________________________ (finish) it just last week. It’s optimized
for search engines so that people can find me more easily. I (15) ____________________________
(have) quite a few hits already, so things might improve soon.
C. Work in pairs. Look again at the dialogue in exercise II and notice

how the speakers use the past simple and the present perfect.
Now write a similar dialogue between yourself and a friend or
colleague who you meet after not being in contact for some time.
Start like this:
Friend (give their name): Hi! I haven’t seen you for ages!
Me: Hi, nice to see you again.
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
35
D. Read the text below about Google and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in
brackets. Use “Past Simple” or “Present Perfect” tenses.
Larry Page and Sergey Brin

Since its start in 1998, Google (1)____________________________ (become) one of the most
popular search engines. It (2)____________________________ (grow) from a research project in the
dormitory room of two college students to a business that now employs approximately 20,000 people.
Google’s founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, (3)____________________________ (meet) in 1995
when they (4)____________________________ (be) in their twenties and graduate students in
computer science at Stanford University in California. They (5)____________________________
(realize) that Internet search (6)____________________________ (be) a very important field and (7)
____________________________ (begin) working together to make searching easier. Both Page and
Brin (8) ____________________________ (leave) their studies at Stanford to work on their project.
Interestingly, they never (9)____________________________ (return) to finish their degrees.
Brin was born in Russia, but he (10) ____________________________ (live) in the U.S. since
he (11)____________________________ (be) five years old. His father
(12)____________________________ (be)a mathematician in Russia. Page, whose parents were
computer experts, (13) ____________________________ (be) interested in computers since he
(14)____________________________ (be) six years old.
When Google (15)____________________________ (start) in 1998, it
(16)____________________________ (do) 10,000 searches a day. Today it does 235 million searches
a day in 40 languages. It indexes 1 trillion Web pages.
How is Google different from other search engines? (17)____________________________
(you/ever/notice) how many ads and banners there are on other search engines? News, sports scores,
stock prices, links for shopping, mortgage rates, and more fill other search engines. At the beginning
of their business, Brin and Page (18)____________________________ (want) a clean home page. They
(19)____________________________ (believe) that people come to the Internet to search for specific
information, not to see a lot of unwanted data. The success of Google over its rivals 4
(20)____________________________ (prove) that this is true.
Over the years, Google (21)____________________________ (add) new features to its Web
site. For instance, you can type in a word and get thousands of pictures with Google Images. Google
News takes you to today’s news; Google Maps; and more. But one thing (22)
____________________________ (not/change): the clean opening page that Google offers its users.
In 2009, Forbes.com (23) ____________________________ (list) Page and Brin as having net
worths of $12 billion each, at 36 and 35 years old.
4
rival: a person or thing that tries to be more successful than another.
36
VOCABULARY
A. Match the cooking verbs with the pictures.
cut up boil steam grill mix fry wash up bake roast
B. Below is the recipe for pepperoni pasta. Read the recipe and fill in the blanks with “First,
Then, Next, After that, and Finally” and the verbs “serve, fry, cut, add”
Pepperoni Pasta
Ingredients:
___________________, ___________________, the
1 red onion onion, red peppers and pepperoni.
2 red peppers
120 gr pepperoni ___________________, heat some olive oil in a pan and
1 can tomatoes ___________________, the onions, red peppers and
1 cup water
Olive oil pepperoni.
Garlic ___________________, ___________________, oregano,
Oregano
50g pasta per person garlic tomatoes and water and cook for 20 minutes.
___________________, cook the pasta in a big pan of
boiling water.
___________________, ___________________ the pasta
with the pepperoni.
37
C. Read about Ching-He Huang, a successful Chinese chef. Fill in the text with the appropriate
forms of the words below. There is one extra word.
recipe vegetable though cookbook delicious ingredient

steaming cut up boil marinate dish
Many people are afraid to cook Chinese food. They think it is difficult to prepare Chinese dishes.
Ching-He Huang, a young chef, is changing their ideas. She teaches people quick and easy ways to
prepare (1) ___________________ Chinese food.
Ching-He was born in Taiwan in 1978. She first learned traditional Chinese cooking from her
grandparents. They shopped for fresh (2) ___________________ every day and they ate freshly-cooked
meals. Soon Ching-He started to create her own (3) ___________________. She especially loved to make
rice dishes and noodle soups.
After she graduated from university she had her first TV cooking program. The next year, she
wrote her first (4) ___________________. The book is a great collection of different Chinese food. Each
recipe first lists the (5) ___________________ you need to cook the specific dish. Some are for
vegetarians and the main cooking style is (6) ___________________ rather than frying. You can also find
different types of soups. To cook a vegetable soup, for instance, you should (7) ___________________
the vegetables with a chef knife after you peel them. The vegetables should (8) ___________________
for 30 minutes on the cooker before the soup is ready. She warns that for a nice meat (9)
___________________, you should (10) ___________________ the meat a day before with some olive oil
and garlic. To learn more about Chinese food, you should read her book.
38
UNIT 5
39
40
READING
A. The following titles belong to the paragraphs in the text below. Read the
paragraphs and match them with the appropriate title.
A. Buy tickets before you arrive E. Prepare for backup.

B. Register with your embassy F. Keep copies of documents
C. Medications G. Check country-specific vaccinations
D. Get a passport. H. Pay your upcoming bills
11 THINGS TO DO BEFORE AN OVERSEAS TRAVEL: A CHECKLIST

As you prepare for travel abroad, you may begin to feel upset by all the things you need to remember.
Don’t worry, we are here to help. Here is a list of the necessary things you will need to do before you
head to the airport.
 _____________________________________________________: If you already have one,
check its expiration date. Most countries won't let you in if the expiration date is less than
6 months away. If you need a new one, apply right away, don't wait. Although we got ours in
less than a month, it sometimes takes as long as 3 months to arrive.
 Get your visas: Not all countries offer visas when you arrive. Depending on your nationality
each country has different arrangements, and requirements can change. Waiting for a visa
can take a month or more, so submit your visa application early and make sure it will be valid
during all your stay.
 _____________________________________________________: If you use pills, make sure you
have enough throughout your trip. Carry a copy of your prescription for extra security. Also,
if you are taking any special treatment, carry a scanned copy of your records or a letter from
your doctor about your treatment.
 _____________________________________________________: Some countries won't let you
enter without a document which shows you are immunized against certain diseases, such as
yellow fever or malaria. All those shots must be recorded and presented on an official
international certificate, also known as the “yellow health card.”
 _____________________________________________________: Sign up for your bank's online
access so you can transfer money and/or pay for your electricity and gas while you're away.
Alternatively, you may want to do all the payments in advance or leave some money to a
close friend.
 Check entrance/exit fees. Some countries require travelers to pay an entrance or departure
fee, which can cost as much as $200. These fees are not included in the price of your airline
ticket.
 _____________________________________________________: Tourists can often get special
discounts that locals cannot get. Many cities offer a pass that gives discount to major
attractions and for transportation. By buying before you leave, you won’t have to wait the
lines.
 _____________________________________________________: If there’s an unexpected
problem in the country, this will alert your government where you are and get you to safety.
It’s also a good idea to print out the address and contact information of the office.
 _____________________________________________________: Set up an account with a
service like DropBox or an internet photo gallery before you leave so you can store your photos
and computer files on the road. This is important if you lose your electronics.
 Home security. Ask a friendly neighbor to take care of your house and ask your local post
office to keep your mail while you're gone. Have someone check on your place once a week
and, if you live in a rented house, let your landlord know you'll be away.
 _____________________________________________________: If something happens to your
passport or wallet, you'll need all of your identity information. Use your phone's camera to
take a photo of the important passport pages (personal information and visa) and photo ID so
you will have them on hand in an emergency. For extra safety, pack color copies of all your
important documents in your suitcase.
41
B. Match the words with the definitions.
1. expiration date _________ a. protected from illnesses by special medicine
2. valid _________ b. to send a document
3. immunized _________ c. legally acceptable
4. landlord _________ d. the end period of time
5. submit _________ e. before a particular time
6. prescription _________ f. a piece of paper that a doctor writes the

medicine
7. in advance _________ g. the owner of a house or land
C. Read the text and mark the following statements as T (True) or F (False)
1. Your visa should be long enough for the beginning of your visit. _____________
2. When you buy a plane ticket, you have to pay extra for an entrance fee _____________
3. You should inform your landlord about your travel. _____________
42
GRAMMAR
A. Two friends are talking about their plans after
graduation. Read the dialogue and fill in the blanks
with “will” or “going to future”.
A: Have you got any plans for when you leave college?
B: Yes, I (1) ______________________ (take) a year off

and (2) __________________ (make) some money.
A: I can’t decide what to do.
B: It’s OK, I (3) _______________________ (help) you.
A: My brother (4)______________________ (start) his own business next month. Maybe, I

(5)_______________________ (help) him at the beginning. I am not sure.
B: That is a great idea. What (6) _______________________ (he/do)?
A: He is a mechanic. He (7) ___________________________ (give) car expertise service. Maybe, he

(8) ______________________ sell cars, too.
A: Why don’t you work with him for a while? You can learn about cars.
B: I don’t know. I really want to go to college. I (9) ________________________ (probably/apply)

for a scholarship.
A: I am sure you (10) _______________________ (get) it. You are a good student.
B: I hope so. But you know, it is not easy to get a scholarship nowadays. Maybe, I (11)
_____________________ (study) abroad. I heard Turkey has great universities.
A: Really, I don’t know about Turkish universities. Where (12) _______________________ (stay) in
Turkey? Do you know anybody?
B: Yes, I have some friends in İstanbul. They have an apartment and they invited me.
A: Good for you. Do you think you (13) _______________________ (spend) less money there?
A: Oh yes, Turkish universities are much cheaper. By the way, is it true that Samira is leaving the
city?
B: Yeah, she (14) ______________________ (get) married next month.
A: I am so happy for her. We all have different plans for the future. I hope everybody
(15)______________________ (be) happy.
43
B. The following is a college website. Read the letters from students to the editor of their
school newspaper and the editor’s replies.
Fill in the blanks with “will” or “going to future” and the verbs in brackets.
To the editor: Last week President Clark talked about plans for a new fitness center for our college.
The center sounds great. It (1)_____________________ (have) a beautiful gym, an Olympic size
pool, saunas and exercise machines. But I guess this fitness center (2)
_____________________(cost) a lot of money. Where (3) _____________________ (this
money/come) from? You guessed it. Our fee (4) _____________________(increase). That’s why I
am against it. With a tuition increase, more students (5) _____________________ (need) to work
while they go to school. That means we (6) _____________________ (not/have) time to enjoy the
fitness center.
Jane
Editor’s reply: I see your point Jane. The President thinks more students
(7) _____________________ (come) to school because social facilities are
important for students. I do not think they (8) _____________________
(increase) the tuition. The President says the school has enough money to
build the fitness center. We should wait and see.
To the editor: A week ago President Clark announced plans for a new fitness center for our
college. I love the idea. I guess it (9) _____________________ (give) us a chance to relax
before and after classes. When the gym is built, I (10) _____________________ (go) there
every day. Yes, we (11) _____________________ (probably pay) for it. But in my opinion, it is
worth the money we pay. It (12) _____________________ (improve) our lives. I think the
school (13) _____________________ (be) a better place for all students.
Jessica
Editor’s reply: Hi Jessica. I am also happy for our school. The construction
(14) _____________________ (start) next month. The company has a very
good plan. Maybe, this spring we (15) _____________________ (start)
enjoying the fitness center together.
44
C. Read the article about doing business in Chile and Egypt. Fill in the blanks with the
appropriate forms of “should (ought to), had better, need to, have to or must”.
DOs and DON’Ts of Global Business

It is always a good idea for business people to know
the customs of other countries. If you do not know
the customs, you might insult someone and lose
business.
First of all, when (1)_________________(you/go)?
Chileans usually take vacations in January and
February so you (2) _________________ (not/plan) a
business trip during these two months. Many offices will be closed for summer vacation.
Next, how (3) _________________ (you/greet) people at business meetings? In Chile, you (4)
_________________ (greet) everyone. Men (5) _________________ (not/hug) and kiss each other
but you (6) _________________ (definitely shake) hands. Women often hug and touch cheeks and
kiss the air. You (7) _________________ (not/ be) surprised to get a hug or kiss from a Chilean.
During a meal, you (8) _________________(keep) your hands on the table, not in your lap.
In Chile, an open palm with the fingers separated means “stupid”. You (9) _________________avoid
making this gesture. Be careful! Slapping your right fist into your left open palm is very impolite.
You (10) _________________ (not/make) that gesture, or you may insult or anger someone.
Now in Egypt, you (11) _________________(not expect) to do

business on Fridays. It is the Muslim day of rest. In the Arab
world, people use the Islamic calendar (Hijri) and the
Western calendar. To avoid confusion, you (12)
_________________ (put) two dates on paperwork-the Hijri
(Islamic) and Gregorian (Western) date.
Greetings are based on both class and gender. In greetings
between the same sex, you (13) _________________(shake)
hands. In any greetings between men and woman, the woman
(14) _________________ (give) a handshake first. Never try to shake hands with a woman if she does
not start the motion.
During a meal, you (15) _________________ (eat) with your right hand. For Muslim and Hindu
people, left hand is unclean. In Egypt leaving a little food is a sign that you are full so you (16)
_________________ (not/eat) everything on your plate. If you do, they will continue filling your
plate with food. Also, you (17) _________________ (not/add) salt to your food or you might insult
the cook.
If an Egyptian invites you home for dinner, you (18) _________________ (bring) a present. But do
not give flowers because they are usually for weddings or the ill.
What do you know about sitting in Egypt? You (19) _________________ (never/sit) with legs crossed.
In Arab culture, it is a big insult.
So remember, before you go to another country to do business, learn about the culture. And when
you are in that country, try and “do as the Romans do”.
45
D. This is the first class of a college history course. The

professor talks about the requirements. Complete the
blanks with the correct form of “must, have to, need
to”.
Professor: Welcome to American History 102. I’m Mary
Anderson. This course covers the period from
the American Civil War to present day. There
will be a midterm and a final. You (1)
______________________ (score) an average
of 65 percent or above on both tests to pass
this course. In addition, there is a term paper.
The term paper (2) _________________ (be) at least 10 pages, and you (3)
_________________ (include) a bibliography. The handout I’m passing out will explain
the term paper. Now, are there any questions? …..Yes?
Student A: When is the deadline for the term paper?
Professor: You (4) _________________ (hand) it in by the last day of class. That’s December 15. It
(5) _________________ (not/ be) late. You should hand in an outline by the fourth
week of the term. You can email the outline. My email address is on the board and on
your handout. You (6) _________________ (not/give) me a hard copy of the outline,
but I would like a hard copy of your paper. Any other questions? …. Yes?
Student B: Is there a textbook for this course? (7) _________________ (we/ buy) a textbook?
Professor: Yes. The textbook is called American History from the Civil War to Today.
Student B: Who’s the author?
Professor: I am.
Future Tense Review – Find Someone Who......

Interview your classmates. Walk around the class and find someone ....
1. …who is going to visit a friend tonight. ________________________
2. …who is going to walk home from school today. ________________________
3. …who isn’t going to watch TV tonight. ________________________
4. …who will probably leave the city this weekend. ________________________
5. …who is going to get a haircut this week. ________________________
6. …who will have a birthday next month. ________________________
7. …who thinks it’ll be a nice day tomorrow. ________________________
8. …who is going to buy a present for someone this week. ________________________
9. …who is going to buy groceries after school today. ________________________
10. …is going to have something to eat as soon as the class finishes. ________________________
46
VOCABULARY
ADVENTURE TRAVEL
Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the boxes.
surfboards pleasant excited cruise rafting

lodge danger sub-zero wildlife
Part A
Time for an adventure?
Are you a bit bored with your nine-to-five routine? Have a look at our exciting range of holidays and
pick the best adventure for you.
Activity holidays
If you are (1) _________________about doing sports, this pack is

just for you. Our activity holidays are for everyone, people who
love (2) _________________or who just like sports. We have a
huge variety of water, snow or desert holidays. We’ll take you
scuba diving in the Red Sea or kayaking and whitewater (3) _________________in Canada. If you
prefer snow, you can try skiing or snowboarding in the Alps or even igloo-building. For those who
like warmer weather, we also have sandboarding (the desert version of skateboarding) and you do
not need to worry about (4) _________________. They will be ready for you.
Polar expeditions
Take a (5) _________________to Antarctica or the northern

Arctic; explore a land of white natural beauty and wonderful
(6) _________________. Our experts will explain everything
about the two poles while you watch the penguins in
Antarctica or whales and polar bears in the Arctic. Be ready
to spend some time in the (7) _________________ temperatures. There's no greater adventure than
travelling to the ends of the earth. A once-in-a-lifetime experience!
47
Part B
check out backpack pick up wildlife

identification eat at stalls vaccination camping
discover accommodation
Cultural journeys
Our cultural journeys will help you (1) _________________ancient

civilizations: India, Thailand, Egypt and many more. Visit temples, palaces
and ancient ruins – just remember to bring your camera! Get to know local
ways of life by exploring markets, trying exotic, local foods. Be ready to (2)
_________________. Street foods are amazing.
Trekking tours
We have trekking holidays to famous places such as Machu Picchu or

the Everest Base Camp Trek, as well as some in the Highlands of
Scotland. You don’t need to be very sporty, just fairly fit. The only
thing you will need is your (3) _________________. You’ll have a great
time enjoying nature with a group of new friends. Some of the
holidays include (4) _________________, but we’ll transport the tents for you! If you want to stay
for a couple of days more, we will (5) _________you________, when you want to leave.
(6) _____________ holidays
We organize small-group tours to get closer to nature in Africa,

Asia or South America. We suggest you to get necessary
(7)_________________before you go because you will be in nature
all day. You do not want to get sick, right. Go on safari in Africa
and watch lions and giraffes. Meet the famous turtles of the
Galapagos Islands. Look for tigers in India or take an elephant
safari in Sri Lanka. We use local guides and stay in a range of
(8)_________________, from tents to tree houses.
48
UNIT 6
49
50
READING
How to Keep Housework from Hurting Your Marriage
When you or your partner is unhappy about their share

of household chores, the stress level in your home will
increase greatly. Disagreement over domestic duties is
the second biggest conflict in a marriage after money.
According to Stephanie Coontz in the New York Times,

one of the most important signs of a woman’s happiness in marriage is the share of housework. "And
it is good for husbands too, because studies show that women feel more attracted to responsible
partners", says Coontz.
If you ask wives their number one reason of stress, some will say that their husbands don't want to do
their share of work around the house. Stress levels increase in your home when one of you is unhappy
about unfinished chores. Couples fight over who does what around the house almost as much as they
fight over money. Many surveys and studies point out that even though many women work outside the
home, they still do most of the household chores.
How Uneven Chore-Splitting Can Damage Marriage
Marriage is in many ways a business partnership -- and the business is running the house. That means
keeping financial records, shopping, cleaning, cooking, child care, transportation, etc. When the
business runs smoothly, there is more peace and harmony. However, if one of the business partners
do not take enough responsibility, problems grow, misunderstandings occur, and the result is
disagreement. For instance, if friends visit and the house is a mess, or if there are no clean clothes
to wear, or it rains hard and the leaky roof wasn't fixed because of delaying…
"Equal" Chore Division Is in the Eye of the Beholder5
Courtney Ronan writes that according to an MSNBC survey, researchers asked “Does one person
perform the chores in your house or do you share them?” The results were telling: 74 percent of men
said the chores were shared; 51 percent of women said chores were shared. 26 percent of men said
one person did the housework; 49 percent of the women said the same.
How to Divide Household Chores
Asking for help is the biggest mistake you can make if you want your partner to do more chores around
the house. Asking for help means that the responsibility for the chores belongs to just you. Actually,
chores around the house should be common responsibilities, and sharing the housework is key to
a happy marriage.
Stephanie Coontz. "The M.R.S. and the Ph.D." NYTimes.com. 2/11/2012.
5
(Something is) in the eye of the beholder: not all people have the same opinions.
51
Vocabulary
1. chores _________ a. having holes or cracks that allow liquid or gas to escape
2. conflict _________ b. a situation that causes disagreement or argument
3. run _________ c. a research for opinions by asking questions
4. leaky _________ d. to separate into parts and give a share to each person/thing
5. survey _________ e. a (usually boring) task that you do regularly
6. divide _________ f. to continue to operate or function
Read the text and answer the questions.
1. What is the biggest source of disagreement between couples?

______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What kind of men are more attractive for women?
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the main reason for stress for married women?
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. What does it mean to run the house?
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. When do disagreements occur?
______________________________________________________________________________________
6. Which of the following is wrong according to survey results?
a. More men believe that housework is shared.
b. More women think that one partner does the chores.
c. Less than half of the women said partners share the responsibilities.
7. If you ask your spouse (husband or wife) to help, what does it mean?
______________________________________________________________________________________
52
GRAMMAR
A. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate phrasal verb

and the words in the brackets. When there is a “ * “ ,use
the pronouns in brackets with the correct phrasal verb
again. You need to use some phrasal verbs more than
once.
turn … down let … out hang … up turn … on

put … away tidy … up pick … up
Andy: Steven? Steven! I’ve told you that my parents are coming tomorrow. Twice!
Steven: Oh! I’ve just remembered. And?
Andy: Steven, our flat is in total mess. We need to tidy and clean it up.
Steven: Do we have to do it now?
Andy: Yes! Right now. Let’s start with the living room. First of all, (1)__________________________
(the lights), please. It’s dark in here.
Steven: Ok. Ok. Here. What now?
Andy: Pardon me. I couldn’t hear you. This music is too loud.
Steven: All right! I will (2)____________________ (the radio). This is my favorite station.
Andy: First, (3)_________________ (your socks) from the floor. Then, (4)_____________________
(your books). After that, (5)____________________ (your jacket) please.
Steven: Right! Socks. I’ll (6)__________________* (them). And then, my books. I’ll
(7)__________________* (them). Lastly, the jacket. OK. I’ll (8)______________* (it). Is that all?
Andy: Ummm. I will clean my room. Please (9)__________________(your room). And when you
finish it, could you (10)___________________ (the cat), please?
Steven: Sir. Yes, sir!
B. Choose the correct verb form.

1. John, I’m allergic to dogs. Could you let/to let/letting the dog out, please?
2. It’s really cold in here. Would you please turn/to turn/turning the air-conditioner down?
3. Can you just keep/to keep/keeping quiet, please? I’m writing an important report.
4. Sorry, but, would you mind not sit/to sit/sitting there? I’m waiting for my wife.
5. Would you please turn off/to turn/turning your phone? It’s too dangerous to use them when we
are flying.
53
C. Put the expressions into the correct spaces.
Would you mind inviting Would you mind not Can you turn
Could you put …into Would you please water Would you mind
Could you please turn ….
Dave: Oh. Anna, I’m very sorry that you have broken your leg.
Does it hurt too much?
Anna: Not much, thank god! And, thank you for coming to help
me with the house. You’re so kind!
Dave: That’s what friends are for. So, tell me what to do first.
Anna: Right. (1) ___________________ those plates
___________the dishwasher please? And,
(2)__________________the dishwasher ________ when you
finish?
Dave: Of, course. That’s easy.
Anna: And, Dave. I know you smoke. (3)______________________________ smoking inside the
house? You can use the balcony. You know it’s quite big and comfortable.
Dave: Sure, no problem.
Anna: (4)________________________the flowers when you are in the balcony? I’d appreciate that.
Dave: Why not. They are lovely. We don’t want them to die, do we?
Anna: You are a true friend, Dave. Thank you.
Dave: What about the heater? Isn’t it warm enough in here?
Anna: You’re right. (5)____________________________ it down, please?
Dave: So, what’s next?
Anna: You know what? I’ve only eaten pizzas for the last two days. (6)______________________
cooking for me?
Dave: Only if I cook for both of us! (7)____________________________ me for dinner?
Anna: OK. It’s a deal.
54
VOCABULARY
Read the text about young people and fill in the blanks
with the words from the box. There are two extras.
ARE YOUNG PEOPLE TODAY WORSE THAN EVER?
admit promise criticize realize respect

gain embarrassed bothers reasonable clumsy refuse
‘We live in a decaying age. Young people no longer (1) ________________ their parents. They are
rude and impatient. They frequently hang out in taverns and have no self-control.’
Does this sound familiar? Those who think it does may be surprised to find out that this comment is
actually from an Ancient Egyptian tomb. However, replace the word ‘taverns’ with ‘bars’ and it may
begin to sound all too familiar to today’s youth.
It seems that people easily find reasons to (2) __________________the youth today from every
possible angle. People may claim that young people do not help with the chores at home and this (3)
__________________the parents. They usually (4) __________________to take responsibility. They
have become ruder and they never feel (5) ___________________when elderly people point to their
mistakes. They eat junk food in front of their computers or TV and of course, they (6)
___________________weight.
However, have there ever been any ‘good old days’ when it comes to young people? Maybe, we should
be more (7) ___________________and accept that today’s young generation may not be the worst
ever. It seems that every young generation has had to deal with those complaints since Ancient Egypt.
I believe that there is probably some truth to the idea that young people are more impatient than
they once were. However, we should (8) ___________________that the times have changed.
Technology has enabled us to do things more quickly, so naturally, we expect things to be done more
quickly. However, we need to (9) ___________________this doesn’t just apply to young people, this
applies to us all!
55
56
UNIT 7
57
58
READING
3D PRINTING: THE FUTURE OF FOOD PRODUCTION?
4
ChloeBlogger
3D printing is becoming more and more popular. A 3D printing machine creates objects in much the
same way that a printer can print paper copies. We are now able to print things such as clothing,
prosthetic limbs6, musical instruments and prototype cars. People and businesses are able to create
the things that they need such as machines, models of houses or bridges and even jewelry. The process
is very quick and easy using 3D printers.
But can you imagine printing food? Some scientists hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will
become as common as the microwave or blender. Scientists say that they are easy to use: you simply
have to select a recipe and put the raw food 'inks' into the printer. You can also modify the
instructions to make the food exactly how you want it. This means that it would be very quick and
easy to create tasty and nutritious meals. When it comes to food, you don’t want to play with your
health. So, every aspect of a food 3D printer has to be clean and food-safe.
Using 3D printers to create your meals will also save the environment. There will be less need for
transporting and packaging processes and traditional growing because food production will be a lot
more efficient. For example, alternative ingredients such as proteins from algae, beetroot leaves and
insects could be transformed into tasty products!
Printing food could also help people who suffer from dysphasia (a swallowing disorder). They could
program the printer to print softer versions of their favorite foods so that they would not have trouble
swallowing them.
However, some people think that a future of 3D-printed food will be a disaster. It could take away
many jobs, including those for growing, transporting and packaging food. Imagine a world where
there is no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a raw 'food
ink'. Likewise, traditional cafés and restaurants might lose some of their business. Also, there are
6
prosthetic limbs: artificial arms or feet.
59
concerns about the health benefits of printed food: is it really possible to get the right kind of food
we need from food-based inks and gels?
What’s more, cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional and
enjoyable activity. If machines can prepare food easily, family members may prefer to print their
own meal, at their own times. Family gatherings around a table will be a past memory. It is hard to
imagine a world without cooking.
A. Match the words from the text with their meanings.
Words Definitions
1. prototype _______________ a. to move your throat to make the food or drink
go down
2. modify _______________ b. a feeling of worry
3. nutritious _______________ c. to change some parts
4. swallow _______________ d. the first model or example of something
5. concern _______________ e. good and healthy food
B. Mark the following statements as T (True), F (False) or NG (Not Given).
1. 3D printing machines works similar to paper printers. ______________

2. Businesses prefer 3D printing in many areas because it is cheaper. ______________
3. 3D food can be easy to prepare but it is not very healthy. ______________
4. 3D food production is environmentally friendly. ______________
5. People with certain illnesses cannot eat 3D food. ______________
C. Answer the following questions.
1. Which of the following is not true about 3D food industry?

a. The tastes of 3D food will not be the same as regular food.
b. Food businesses may not earn as much money.
c. Farmers may stop producing foods.
d. Food inks may not have all the necessary proteins.
2. Why can 3D food printing destroy family dinners?
______________________________________________________________________________________
60
GRAMMAR
FASCINATING INVENTIONS
A. Read the most fascinating inventions (1-9) of the last years. First match them with their
purposes. The first one is done for you.
INVENTIONS PURPOSE
1. Sunglasses for dogs _____f______ a. form a picture-perfect smile.
2. The human-like robot ____________ b. protect pets from rain
3. The Weight Watch Belt ____________ c. escape the traffic
4. Happy Smile Trainer ____________ d. create easy and tasty meals
5. Dogbrella ____________ e. stop you from eating your favorite sweets

and the tasty bakery
6. Printed food ____________ f. protect pets’ eyes from the sun and keep
the dust out
7. Hoverboard ____________ g. keep you company
B. Write sentences for the inventions with their uses and purposes above using infinitives
and gerunds.
1. Sunglasses for dogs are used to protect/for protecting pets’ eyes from the sun and keep the
dust out.
2. The human-like robot is used to keep you company.
3. __________________________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________________________________________
7. __________________________________________________________________________________
61
B. Read the text below about avoiding technology use. Write suggestions for each paragraph.
TAKE A BREAK FROM TECHNOLOGY

1 In today's world we are constantly using
technology. Technology makes our lives easier.
However, increasingly scientists are saying that
we need to give ourselves a break - otherwise we
put ourselves at risk of developing hundreds of
health problems. Over the long, free summer
days, why don’t you do something that doesn't
involve technology?
1. Be sure ________________________________________________________________________
Try not _____________________________________________________________________________
2 To start with, you could learn a new skill. There are hundreds of possibilities: crafts,
cooking, learning a musical instrument or a new sport. It is also important to share your experience
with others. Maybe, they will start learning, too.
Make sure __________________________________________________________________________
Don’t forget _________________________________________________________________
3 If you just like relaxing, why don’t you go to a beach? Take along your favorite book and
relax on the sand or go for a walk along the coastline. If you don't live near a beach, it might be a
good idea to go to your local park. Switch your mobile phone off.
Remember __________________________________________________________________________
Don’t forget _________________________________________________________________________
4 Little things, like challenging yourself to complete a crossword or a Sudoku, are a great
place to start. You should challenge yourself to improve.
Remember __________________________________________________________________
5 Whatever you choose to do with your summer, try something new! You might surprise
yourself and find a hidden talent within you. Next time you find yourself aimlessly channel-hopping,
try to think what else you can do to spend your time efficiently.
Don’t forget _________________________________________________________________
Make sure ___________________________________________________________________
62
C. Allie’s mother is going away for the weekend. Allie will be alone and her mother
leaves her a note(!).
Complete the gaps with “imperatives and infinitives” or “infinitives and gerunds for
purposes”.
Allie,
This is to remind you some of the things you should do while I am away. When you wake up in
the morning, make sure (1) ____________________________ (take) the dog for a walk. You
know, Benjamin needs walking every morning.
When you come back, remember (2) ____________________________ (have) a proper

breakfast. Don’t skip it. You can use the small, red pan (3) ____________________________
(make) an omelet.
The vacuum cleaner is broken. Don’t try to use it (4) ____________________________ (clean).
There is a hand brush in the bathroom if you need it.
When you go out, don’t forget (5) ____________________________ (lock) the door.
Make sure (6) ____________________________ (lock) it twice.
I didn’t have time to pay the electricity bill. Don’t forget (7) ____________________________
(pay) it by tomorrow or they will cut our electricity.
There is some food in the fridge. You can use the microwave (8) __________________________
(heat) them. Be sure (9) ____________________________ (set) the microwave for less than 2
minutes. Otherwise, you might burn your hand. Use the oven glove (10)
____________________________ (protect) your hand.
That’s all I guess. If you need any help, remember (11) ____________________________ (call)
me at any time. Hope you will enjoy your time alone at home.
XOXO
Mum
63
VOCABULARY
Read the text about cybercrimes and the ways to avoid them. Complete the gaps with the words
from the box. There are two extras.
Types of Cybercrime
smart phones back up influence computer-whiz

identity theft crash flash drive gadget
passcode perform hackers protect
digital natives GPS system
The term cybercrime covers several categories. In some types of cybercrime, a computer or other
electronic (1)___________________ is used to commit the crime. In other types of cybercrime, the
computer or device is the real target of the crime.
A computer virus is a small computer program. It places copies of itself onto other computers without
the users’ permission. The most common way for the (2)___________________ is to create their virus
programs and send them through emails. When the email is opened, the virus activates and your
computer may (3)___________________. Viruses may come with a/an (4) ___________________, too.
Make sure to run a virus scan before you plug one in your computer. The viruses also
(5)___________________some operations to steal your data. You need an antivirus software to
(6)___________________ your valuable data. Also, remember to (7)___________________ your data
on a separate hard disk.
(8)___________________ involves stealing an individual’s personal information, then using that

information to use their financial resources. Make sure to reset your (9)___________________
regularly and do not use your birthday or phone number because they are easy to guess. Personal
information can also be stolen when a /an (10)___________________ hacks into a computer network.
They can steal huge blocks of information in a short time.
Cyberbullying is another type of online crime. Cyberbullying occurs when someone uses the internet,
a cell phone, email, instant messaging, chat rooms, or social networks to annoy someone else. It is
commonly committed by (11)___________________ because young people have use electronic
communication via their (12)___________________. The problem spreads like wildfire because the
bully can easily hide his/her identity and they encourage other kids to join.
64
UNIT 8
65
66
READING
UNUSUAL FESTIVALS
1 On October 31, in many countries children and adults dress up in unusual costumes. Some
become witches or ghosts; others dress up as trees, goats, and in other very unusual costumes.
October 31 is, of course, Halloween. This festival started in Europe and has spread to all parts of the
world. However, not all celebrations spread around the world. Every country has its own singular
festivals. Here are some more unusual ones.
Festival of Snakes
2 Many people are afraid of snakes. In some parts of the world, people
believe that snakes are evil or, at least, dangerous. But there is one small
village in Italy where the people seem to respect snakes. They show their
respect and love for the snakes with a festival. This festival takes place
each year in the tiny village of Cocullo. There are some of Italy’s wildest
forests around the village.
3 There is a legend in Cocullo that the surrounding forests were once
full of poisonous snakes. Many of the people from Cocullo who went into
these areas died because of snake bites. In 700 B.C., the villagers prayed to
the Greek God Apollo for help. Apollo told them to capture the snakes, put
them around his statue in the village, and then put them back in the
mountains and forests.
4 This seemed to work, and the villagers repeated the ritual ever since. Over the years, the
villagers have made some changes to this tradition. Now a statue of a Christian saint, Domenica, has
replaced the statue of the Greek god Apollo. In addition, the villagers have added fireworks to the
festival.
5 Celebrations begin on Saint Joseph’s Day, March 19. For the residents of the town, it is a day
when they catch the first snakes of the season. After they catch the snakes, they put them in cages.
Two months later, on the first Thursday in May, villagers set fireworks and go to church. Before they
carry the statue of Saint Domenica through the streets, they put the snakes around it. After that they
fire more fireworks. At the border of the village, they set the snakes free, and they believe that they
are safe from snake bites for another year.
La Tomatina
6 The festival of La Tomatina in Bunol, Spain is very simple. Everyone
throws tomatoes at each other on the last Wednesday of August. The town’s
streets turn red because over 20,000 people hit each other with large, red,
soft tomatoes.
7 There are many ideas about how the festival started. The most
likely explanation is that it started as a fight between the poor and the rich
teenagers. No one knows who threw the first tomato, but somehow, they
began throwing tomatoes at each other.
8 It soon became a point of honour to meet on the same day in town.
Over the years, this local event has become a national event. It is no longer
a war between the poor and the rich. It is now an exciting time for young
people to have a good time by throwing tomatoes at everyone.
9 The standard uniform is an old T-shirt, old shorts, and safety glasses. Farmers bring thousands
of tomatoes from around the countryside, and the festival begins with the firing of a rocket. An hour
later, another siren announces the end of the festival. When the festival is over everybody starts to
clean up the town.
67
A. Match the words with their definitions.
1. capture __________ a. a set of fixed actions as a part of ceremony

2. ritual __________ b. a container used for keeping birds or animals in
3. replace __________ c. to catch
4. cage __________ d. to treat someone with respect
5. honour __________ e. to take the place of something
B. Read the text and answer the questions.
1. How do people of Cocullo show their respect and love for the snakes?
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. According to the legend, who helped the villagers with the snakes?
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. In Cocullo, what two things have the villagers changed about the ritual over the time?
a. _______________________________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the Saint Joseph’s Day?
___________________________________________________________________________________
According to Cocullo people, how long will this ritual protect them from snakes?
___________________________________________________________________________________
C. Mark the following sentences as T(True) or F(False).

1. The maximum number of people in La Tomatino festival is 20,000. ____________
2. The festival used to be a fight between people. ____________
3. It has become a celebration all over the country. ____________
4. The festival takes several hours. ____________
D. What do the following refer to?
1. ones (parag. 1) ___________________________

2. his (parag. 3) ___________________________
3. it (parag. 5) ___________________________
4. they (parag. 7) ___________________________
68
GRAMMAR
A. Match the sentence halves.
1. The 11th of September 2001 is the day __________ a. the Berlin Wall came down.
when
2. 1928 is the year when __________ b. Alexander Fleming discovered

penicillin.
3. Autumn is the month when __________ c. the daytime is the longest in the
northern hemisphere.
4. June 21 is the day when __________ d. terrorists destroyed the World
Trade Center.
5. 1989 is the year when __________ e. tree leaves change color.
B. Read about cultural traditions in different countries and complete the sentences.
1. In Korea, they have a beautiful tradition called ganggangsuallae, or the Korean round dance.
This tradition is 5,000 years old. Under a full moon, women dance in a circle, sing, and play
games all night. Years ago, people celebrated summer with the round dance.
Ganggangsuallae is the day ____________________________________________________________
In the past, Ganggangsuallae was the day_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Every June, there is an oil wrestling festival in Edirne, Turkey. Men wear leather pants and put
oil all over their bodies. Then they wrestle. The winner gets a golden belt and a lot of money.
Thousands of people of different ages, cultures, and regions come together for this exciting
event for the oil wrestling festival.
June is the month ___________________________________________________________________
Oil wrestling festival is the day ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Croatia has a gingerbread tradition. In the 1500s, people in Croatia started making gingerbread
(a sweet bread), and it is still very popular today. They make gingerbread in many shapes; hearts
are the most popular. Then they decorate the gingerbread with pictures and words. Today,
gingerbread is an important part of local festivals and it connects Croatian people to their past.
Gingerbread festival is the time ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
69
C. Write your own sentences about the following special days.

Wedding anniversary _________________________________________________________________
19th May ____________________________________________________________________________
Hıdırellez ___________________________________________________________________________
Ashoura month _______________________________________________________________________
1st May ______________________________________________________________________________
Ramadan ____________________________________________________________________________
Mother’s Day _________________________________________________________________________
D. Read the text about the Eurovision. Complete the gaps with “when, after or before”.
THE EUROVISION
Every year on a certain Saturday night in May, something quite
unique happens in Europe. Millions of people turn on their TVs
and prepare to watch their nation compete. But this is no
ordinary international competition. This is a contest based on
something much more important: finding the perfect pop song.
What is the Eurovision Song Contest?
In short, the Eurovision is an enormous, televised concert with fireworks, wonderful dancing, lots of
colors and shiny clothes. Oh, and pop songs, of course! Each participating country sends a singer or
group to perform a song. (1)____________________ the Saturday-night Grand Final, the 26
performances are chosen at the Eurovision semi-final.
How do they choose the winner?
(2)____________________ the performances at the Grand Final, each country votes for the best song.
TV viewers can vote using their mobile phones, but each country also has an official jury who decide
50 per cent of the votes. (3)____________________ the voting is over, the song with the most votes
wins. The winning country will then host the Eurovision the following year.
70
What is the origin of the competition?
(4)____________________ the Second World War ended in 1945, Europe was very divided. In the
1950s, the European Broadcasting Union started to think of an event which would both entertain and
unite Europeans. This led to the first European song contest in 1956. (5)____________________ it first
took place in Switzerland, it included only seven countries.
What are the rules?
The competition’s central rule is that each song needs to be a maximum of three minutes. This is
shorter than most commercial pop songs, but the organizers decided that this limit was necessary
because the entire Grand Final (including voting) should happen within three hours.
(6)____________________ the singer or singers are performing the song, the maximum number of
people on the stage is six. This includes the singer(s), musicians and dancers.
Are there any Eurovision stars?
The competition has certainly had some success stories. (7)____________________ the Swedish super-
group ABBA won the Eurovision in 1974, they became huge stars. In 1988, Céline Dion won for
Switzerland (8)____________________ she found world fame with songs like 'My Heart Will Go On'
from the film Titanic. In 2006, (9)____________________ Finnish rockers Lordi won the competition,
they captured the world’s imagination with their metal music and monster suits.
E. Put “after/when/before” into the correct space. Put an “X” into the other blank.
1. ___________________ I will go out for lunch ___________________ I finish this report.

2. ___________________ I see him tomorrow, ___________________ I will give him your message.
3. ___________________ you should start studying for your final exam ___________________ it is too
late.
4. ___________________ everybody started to celebrate the championship ___________________ the
referee blew the final whistle.
5. ___________________ you make your final decision, ___________________ you can ask for some
advice from a financial consultant.
71
VOCABULARY
Read the text below about Songkran and fill in the blanks with the
words from the box. There is one extra.
ceremonies custom luck sculptures

traditional dress up get together look forward to
put on relatives costumes
SONGKRAN
In many places, a new year begins on January 1. Not everywhere, however. New Year celebrations
take place at other times, too. The date when a new year starts depends on the country, the culture,
or the religion. There are also different ways to celebrate. People may clean the house,
(1)________________________ costumes, eat special foods, or throw a party. In Thailand, people
celebrate the new year, Songkran, in April, and they do it with water and religious
(2)________________________
The month of April is extremely hot in Thailand. So, water may be important in the new year
celebration there. Water helps people to feel cool, clean, and fresh, and in many cultures, a new
year is a time to make a fresh start. Children get ready by collecting things like buckets. According
to the (3)________________________, they celebrate Songkran by pouring water on each other and
throwing water at each other. They sometimes get adults wet, too. If you want to stay dry, you had
better stay inside.
This festival is also very important for the old and they (4)________________________ the more
serious traditions of Songkran. During the festival, everyone and everywhere must look good.
Therefore, male Thais (5)________________________ and pay visits to temples during the holiday.
They decorate their temples and the Buddha (6)________________________in them.
This is also time for families to (7)________________________. It is (8)________________________for

people to go and see their elders. They visit them to show their respect. Jad remembers, “We used
to make one or two visits to (9)___________________ and wish them good
(10)________________________ in the coming year. Afterward, my sister and I were free to play.
Songkran is a very happy time.”
72

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BOĞAZİÇİ UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

WEEK UNIT NOTES

A. Match the words below with their definitions.

2. post ______________ b. discover or notice something

3. set up ______________ c. a small, metal object that

5. investigate ______________ e. a job

6. detect ______________ f. try to find all the facts about

A. Read the text and answer the following questions.

1. What is Marie Curie’s most important discovery?

2. How did Marie help her sister?

3. Where does the name “polonium” come from?

4. What was the first tragedy in Marie’s life?

5. Which study helped her get the second Nobel prize?

7. Why did doctors use X-rays after the war?

________________ (ask) themselves, ‘Is this all there is?’

and (17) ________________ (start) to live their dream.

+ the verb in brackets in positive, negative or question form.

Jackie: What things (1) used to be (be) different in the

Professor: For a start, all the continents

(2)____________________(form) one large piece of land.

Obviously, there (3) ____________________(not/be) cities

as the hippopotamus and rhinoceros (4) ____________________(exist1) in northern Europe. Many

mountains in Europe (5) ____________________ (be) active volcanoes.

Jackie: Did they have a communal life?

Professor: Early people (6) ____________________(not/live) in complex societies, but in small

Jackie: What (7) ____________________ (eat)?

D. Write questions for the underlined answers.

Example: He can speak 3 languages.

How many languages can he speak?

1. My uncle died in 1990.

2. Anne was in London last week.

3. I always call my mum at the weekend.

4. My son wakes up at 6.30 every morning.

5. They visited us twice last month.

6. It takes me 1 hour to get to work.

7. She's wearing jeans and a white blouse.

8. The tickets were $10.

9. That football is the children's.

10. She likes ice-cream and chocolate.

11. He is warm and friendly.

immigrant take up messy outdoors award

2. If you want to go somewhere, you definitely have to walk a bit. __________

3. In Kolkata, there is noise pollution all day. ___________

C. Answer the following questions.

2. Which of the following is not true for Rickshaws according to paragraph 2?

4. Who thinks that rickshaw drivers should not carry people?

A. Complete the dialogue with too many, too much, or enough.

Lara: Where are we going today?

B. Read the paragraph below and underline the correct quantifier.

needs fewer/less books. I have a really big dictionary, so it is heavy. Also, I

Sarah: For example?

spots in my opinion. Also, the town is a little slow for my taste.

Sarah: Well, maybe we should switch apartments!

D. Jack has just landed in the USA and he is talking to the

Immigration Officer: Good morning, sir.

Jack Wilson: Good morning.

Officer: May I see your passport, please?

Jack: Yes, certainly.

Officer: Thank you. Can you tell me _________________________________________________?

(Which flight did you arrive on?)

Jack: Yes. The British Airways flight from Heathrow.

Officer: I see. Could you tell me _________________________________________________?

(How long will you stay in the United States?)

(7) (imagine). (8) (you/ever/be)