TITLE FOUR

Extinction of Criminal Liability and of Civil Liability Resulting from Crime

CHAPTER ONE

Extinction of Criminal Liability

SECTION ONE

Total Extinction of Criminal Liability

ARTICLE 89. How Criminal Liability is Totally Extinguished. — Criminal liability is totally
extinguished:

1. By the death of the convict, as to the personal penalties; and as to pecuniary

penalties, liability therefor is extinguished only when the death of the offender occurs
before final judgment.

2. By service of the sentence.

3. By amnesty, which completely extinguishes the penalty and all its effects.

4. By absolute pardon.

5. By prescription of the crime.

6. By prescription of the penalty.

7. By the marriage of the offended woman, as provided in article 344 of this Code.

ARTICLE 90. Prescription of Crimes. — Crimes punishable by death, reclusión

perpetua or reclusión temporal shall prescribe in twenty years.

Crimes punishable by other afflictive penalties shall prescribe in fifteen years.

Those punishable by a correctional penalty shall prescribe in ten years; with the
exception of those punishable by arresto mayor, which shall prescribe in five years.

The crime of libel or other similar offenses shall prescribe in two years.

The offenses of oral defamation and slander by deed shall prescribe in six months.

Light offenses prescribe in two months.

When the penalty fixed by law is a compound one the highest penalty shall be made the
basis of the application of the rules contained in the first, second and third paragraphs
of this article.

ARTICLE 91. Computation of Prescription of Offenses. — The period of prescription

shall commence to run from the day on which the crime is discovered by the offended
party, the authorities, or their agents, and shall be interrupted by the filing of the
complaint or information, and shall commence to run again when such proceedings
terminate without the accused being convicted or acquitted, or are unjustifiably stopped
for any reason not imputable to him.

The term of prescription shall not run when the offender is absent from the Philippine
Archipelago.

ARTICLE 92. When and How Penalties Prescribe. — The penalties imposed by final
sentence prescribe as follows:

1. Death and reclusión perpetua, in twenty years;

2. Other afflictive penalties, in fifteen years;

3. Correctional penalties, in ten years; with the exception of the penalty of arresto
mayor, which prescribes in five years;

4. Light penalties, in one year.

ARTICLE 93. Computation of the Prescription of Penalties. — The period of prescription

of penalties shall commence to run from the date when the culprit should evade the
service of his sentence, and it shall be interrupted if the defendant should give himself
up, be captured, should go to some foreign country with which this Government has no
extradition treaty, or should commit another crime before the expiration of the period of
prescription.

SECTION TWO

Partial Extinction of Criminal Liability

ARTICLE 94. Partial Extinction of Criminal Liability. — Criminal liability is extinguished

partially:

1. By conditional pardon;

2. By commutation of the sentence; and

3. For good conduct allowances which the culprit may earn while he is serving his
sentence.
ARTICLE 95. Obligation Incurred by Person Granted Conditional Pardon. — Any person
who has been granted conditional pardon shall incur the obligation of complying strictly
with the conditions imposed therein; otherwise, his non-compliance with any of the
conditions specified shall result in the revocation of the pardon and the provisions of
article 159 shall be applied to him.

ARTICLE 96. Effect of Commutation of Sentence. — The commutation of the original

sentence for another of a different length and nature shall have the legal effect of
substituting the latter in the place of the former.

ARTICLE 97. Allowance for Good Conduct. — The good conduct of any prisoner in any
penal institution shall entitle him to the following deductions from the period of his
sentence:

1. During the first two years of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of five
days for each month of good behavior;

2. During the third to the fifth year, inclusive, of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a
deduction of eight days for each month of good behavior;

3. During the following years until the tenth year, inclusive, of his imprisonment, he shall
be allowed a deduction of ten days for each month of good behavior; and

4. During the eleventh and successive years of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a
deduction of fifteen days for each month of good behavior.

ARTICLE 98. Special Time Allowance for Loyalty. — A deduction of one-fifth of the
period of his sentence shall be granted to any prisoner who, having evaded the service
of his sentence under the circumstances mentioned in article 158 of this Code, gives
himself up to the authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of a proclamation
announcing the passing away of the calamity or catastrophe referred to in said article.

ARTICLE 99. Who Grants Time Allowances. — Whenever lawfully justified the Director
of Prisons shall grant allowances for good conduct. Such allowances once granted shall
not be revoked.