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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

II YEAR / III SEMESTER

CE8301, STRENGTH OF MATERIALS - I

Mr. R. Santhaseelan, M.E.,M.I.S.T.E.,

Assistant Professor / Mechanical Engineering
Nadar Saraswathi College of Engineering & Technology, PHOTO
Vadapudupatti, Annanji (po), Theni – 625531.
 UNIT - 1
STRESS, STRAIN AND
DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS

LECTURE -1
 INTRODUCTION
Strength of Materials
The resistance of the body opposes the deformation

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 OVERVIEW
 Introduction
 Basics – Rigid Bodies & Deformable solids
 Tension, Compression and Shear Stresses
 Elastic constants
 Deformation of simple Bars
 Deformation of Varying Bars
 Principle of Super Position
 Deformation of compound bars
 Thermal stresses
 Principal stresses and principal planes
 Mohr’s circle of stress.
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 OVERVIEW OF MATERIALS

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 BASICS
Important Technical Terms in Strength of Materials
1. Rigid Bodies: Does not undergo any deformation, when subjected to an external
load. E.g: Glass, cast iron
2. Deformable Solids: They can be classified in to two types
Elastic material: The deformation is temporary and disappears on after
removal of load. E.g: Rubber.
Plastic material: The deformation is permanent and does not regain its
original dimensions after removal of load. E.g: Aluminum.
3. Ductility: Possible to draw thin wires of a metal & gave large plastic deformation
before breaking. Eg: gold, silver, copper and mild steel.

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4. Brittleness: Capable to shatter or receiving a shock & don’t have large plastic
deformation. Eg: glass, high Carbon.
5. Stability: Capable to withstand the external load. E.g: Rubber
6. Toughness: Enables the material to absorb large amounts of energy by
undergoing large plastic deformation,
7. Resilience: Ability of a material to recover its shape and size after deformation.
8. Hardness: Resistance of a material to indentation, scratching, cutting or wear by
abrasion.
9. Fatigue: Material failing under very little stress due to repeated cycles of loading.
Eg: gears and bearings
10. Stiffness: Ability of a material to withstand high load without major
deformation.
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11. Stress: The internal resisting force per unit area.

12. Strain: Ratio of change in length to the original length of the body. It has no unit

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 TYPES OF STRESS & STRAIN
There are mainly three types of stress, they are,
 Tensile Stress
 Compressive Stress
 Shear Stress
There are mainly three types of strain, they are,
 Tensile Strain
 Compressive Strain
 Shear Strain

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Tensile Stress
When a body is subjected to equal & opposite pulls, then the length of the body is
increased

Tensile Strain
The ratio of change in length to the original length
Compressive Stress
When a body is subjected to equal & opposite pushes, then the length of the body is
shortened
Compressive Strain
The ratio of decrease in length to the original length

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 Shear Stress
When two equal & opposite forces acts tangentially of a body, tends to
slide one part over another.

Shear Strain
the tangent of that angle and equal to the length of
deformation at its maximum divided by the
perpendicular length in the plane of force

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Bending Stress
more specific type of normal stress

Bending Moment
external force or moment is applied to the element causing the element to bend
Moment of inertia
quantitative measure of the rotational inertia of a body

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Hooke’s Law
The stress is directly proportional strain within its elastic limit

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BASIC FORMULAS

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 POISSON'S RATIO

• It has been observed that for an elastic materials, the lateral strain is
proportional to the longitudinal strain.
• For most engineering materials the value of μ is between 0.25 and 0.33.

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 FACTOR OF SAFETY

Ultimate stress : the maximum stress that a material can withstand when a force is applied.
Yield stress : force needs to be applied to an object to cause it to change from elastic deformation to
plastic deformation.

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STRESS STRAIN DIAGRAM

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BASIC UNIT CONVERSIONS

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 RELATIONS

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EXTENSION OF UNIFORMLY TAPERED ROD

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 COMPLEX STRESSES

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 MOHR’S CIRCLE

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 MOHR’S CIRCLE

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THANK YOU