STEP-1; AIGNMENT OF ROAD AND

PERFORMING GRID SURVEY AT SITE

1.done site inspection and decided alignment of road.
2.fixed the starting point according to base line and done
ranging for straight alignment.
3.taken bearings (FB AND BB) according to turns on
alignment with instruments (prismatic compass).
4.fixed TBM near our site.
5.made grids along the base line according to reach using
instrument (cross staff)in interval of 5m by using wooden
pegs.
6. used the instrument(dumpy level, auto level) to take
readings of existing ground level.
7.find height of instrument and reduce level.
8.take staff reading in every grid point.
 STEP-2; EXTRACTING THE GROUND
INFORMATION FROM DATA
1.find reduce level for every grid point using temporary bench mark
200m from mean sea level.

2.we preapare a grph sheet with grid points and its reduce level only

FORMULA USED-

(A) H.I.= BENCH MARK+BACK SIGHT

(B) REDUCE LEVEL= H.I. – INTERMITTANT SIGHT

STEP-3; PREPARATION OF CONTOUR

1.We took graph sheet and choosen scale 1:200

2. marks grid point and reduce level points according to data.

3.draw contours using interval of 0.5m

STEP-4; PREPARATION OF L-SECTION
1.We took graph shett and took scales-
(a).horizontal scale-1:100
(b).verticle scale- 1:50
2. we marked formation line with gradient of 5.25:100 from
chainage 0 to 216.
FORMULA USED-

FORMATION HEIGHT= SLOPE% *HORIZONTAL DIFFERENCE/ 100

3.we calculated the depth of cutting and filling with respect

to formation line st every 5m chainage.
STEP-5; PREPARATION OF CROSS
SECTION
1.Prepared cross sections for every chainage point.
2. took scales-
(a).horizontal scale-1:100
(b).verticle scale- 1:50
3.for filling we draw the formation line with side slope of 1:3
according to scale downward.
For cutting the formation is made with side slope of 1:2
according to the scale upward.
STEP-6; ESTIMATION OF VOLUME OF
CUT AND FILL
1.WE CALCULATED AREA (AREA COMES UNDER CUT AND FILL) ENCLOSED
BETWEEN GROUND PROFILE AND FORMATION LEVEL AT EVERY SECTION WE
CALCULATED AREA AS-

(A).DEVIDED WHOLE AREA UNDER CUT AND FILLIN THE FORM OF

SMALL TRIANGLES AND RECTANGLES.

(B).FIND THE AREAS OF SMALL TRIANGLES AND TRAPEZIUMS

SEPRATELY AND ADD ALL SMALL AREAS COMES UNDER CUT AND FILL.

(C) WE TABULATED AREAS OF DIFFERENT CHAINAGE.

2. WE CAN FIND THE VOLUME OF TOTAL CUT AND FILL BY USING ANY OF THE
FOLLOWING METHOD~~

(A) MEAN SECTIONAL METHOD.

(B) MID SECTIONAL AREA METHOD.

(C) PRISMOIDAL FORMULA METHOD.

3. WE CACULATED THE TOTAL VOLUME UNDER CUT AND FILL.