Exercise 12: „Queuing theory – Special cases“

Task:

A gas station tenant drives a car wash at his gas station. The older model has only one
stage of the wahing programme which needs a fix time of 4 minutes per verhicle. Waiting
vehicles are firstly parked in the parking lot of the gas station. The gas station owner of the
gas station has recorded the arrivals of the customers for several weeks. On a typical
Tuesday morning an average of 6 vehicles per hour arrive and on a typical Friday
afternoon on average every 5 minutes a vehicle arrives. It can be assumed that the
arrivals of customers are exponentially distributed. At first make the calculations separately
for a Tuesday morning respectively for a Friday afternoon.

1. Which kind of Queuring process is this?

Parking Car wash

Fz 1 min
 6  E (tab )  4
h E (tab ) Fz

Fz
M/D/1 – System!    15
h

2. Determine the utilization of the car wash on a Tuesday morning and on a Friday
afternoon.

Fz
Di  6
h

min 1 Fz 1 Fz Fz
E (t an ) Fr  5   Fr    12
Fz 5 min 1 h
5 h
60
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  Di 6
 Di    0,4 Fz
 Di 15
 12
 Fr  Fr   0,8 Fz
 Fr 15

3. What is the average number of vehicles in the parking lot on a Tuesday morning
an on a Friday afternoon?

General formelua for a M/G/1 – System!

2  2   2
LQ 
2  1   

For M/D/1 – System:   0

2 0,42
 LQDi    0,133Fz
2  1    2  1  0,4 

0,82
LQFr   1,6Fz (Doubling of utilization leads to a 12-fold number of waiting
2  1  0,8 
vehicles.)

4. How long does the customer on average have to wait from the arrival until the
end of the cleaning? Differentiate between a Tuesday morning and a Friday
afternoon.

1 LQDi 1 0,133 1
WSDi  WQDi     
Di Di Di 6 15
WSDi  0,089h  5,33min
LQFr 1 0,16 1
WSFr      0,2h  12min.
Fr Fr 12 15

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As the car wash is suddenly out of order the gas station owner wants to let the car
washing perform by a specialist by manual work till the delivery of a new car wash. The
worker washes on average 15 vehicles per hour. From here make the calculations
only for Friday afternoons.

5. Which kind of Queuing process is this now?

Parking Car wash

Fz Fz
  12   15
h h

M/M/1 – System!

6. What is now the average number of waiting vehicles and the waiting time of a
customer from the arrival until the end of the cleaining?

Fr2 0,82
LQFr    3,2 vgl. mit 3: 1,6Fz.
1  Fr  1  0,8 
1 LQFr 1 3,2 1
WSFr  WQFr     
Fr Fr Fr 12 15

WSFr  0,333h  20min. vgl. mit 4: 12min.

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 7. What ist he probability that a customer doesn’t have to wait when he arrives at the
gas station?

P0,Fr  Fr0 1 Fr   0,80  1 0,8   0,2

The probability that no customer is in the system is 20%.

8. What is the probability that three or more vehicles are in the system?

P1,Fr  Fr
1
1 Fr   0,81  1 0,8   0,16
P2,Fr  Fr2 1 Fr   0,82  1 0,8   0,128

Pn 3Fr  1  P0,Fr  P1,Fr  P2,Fr  1  0,2  0,16  0,128

Pn 3Fr  0,512

As the specialist becomes ill the gas station owner has to employ two temporary
employees in the short term. Both need an average of six minutes for a vehicle. Thereby
the service times are exponentially distributed. Because of space reasons firstly there are
separate queues for both of the temporary employees where the arriving vehicles are
equally distributed.

9. Which kind of queuing process is this now?

1 Fz
Worker 1: 1   10
Parkplatz E  tab 1 h

10. 2 x
Fz
  12 Fz
11. h Workder 2: 2  10
h
2 x M/M/1 – systems!

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10. What is now the average number of waiting vehicles and
the waiting time of a customer from the arrival until the end oft he cleaning in
each of both queues?

Fr 12
Fz
Fr*  6
2 2 h
 *
6
 Fr  Fr   0,6
Fr 10
Fr2 0,62
LQFr    0,9
1  Fr  1  0,6 
LQFr 1 0,9 1
WSFr      0,25h  15min.
Fr Fr 6 10

11. What is now the probability that three or more vehicles are in the system?

2 queues:

A B P0   0  (1  )  0,60  (1 0,6)  0,4

0 0
1 1
P1   1  (1  )  0,61  (1  0,6)  0,24
2 2
3 3
P2   2  (1  )  0,62  (1  0,6)  0,144


Pn 3  1  P0A  P0B  P0A  P1B  P0A  P2B  P1A  P0B  P2A  P0B  P1A  P1B 

mit PnA  PnB  Pn folgt:

Pn 3  1   P0  P0  P0  P1  P0  P2  P1  P0  P2  P0  P1  P1 


Pn 3  1  P0 2  2  P0  P1  P2   P12 
Pn 3  1   0,4 2

 2  0,4  0,24  0,144   0,242  0,4752

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Since the customers are very dissatisfied with the new condition the gas station owner
considers to implement a joint queue for both temporary employees.

12. Which kind of queuing process is this now?

Fz
Parkplatz Worker 1: 1  10
h
Fz
Worker 2: 2  10
h
Fz
  12
h

1 x M/M/2 – system!

 m - Anzahl der Server
m

The probability that n customers are in the system:

 1 
n

   P0 , 0nm
 n!   
Pn   n
 1 
 m ! m n m    P0 , nm
  

Whereas the probability P0 , thus the probability that the system is empty, is:

1
 m 1  m i  m m 
  1    
1
P0   
 i 0 i ! m! 

mm   m 1
 LQ   P0
m ! 1   
2

LS  LQ  m

LQ
WQ 


1
WS  WQ 

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13. What is now the average number of waiting vehicles and
the waiting time of a customer from the arrival until the end of the cleaninig at
the gas station?

12
  0,6
2  10
1 1
  2     2  0,6  
2 2

P0  1  2     1  2  0,6  
 2  1      2  (1  0,6) 
  

1
P0   0,25
4

22  0,621
LQ   0,25  0,675 Fz vgl. 10: 1,8Fz
2! 1  0,6 
2

0,675 1
WS    0,156 h  9,375 min. vgl. 10: 15min
12 10

14. What is now the probability that three or more vehicles are in the system?

P0  0,25
1
1  12 
P1 für n  m : P1      0,25  0,30
1!  10 
2
1  12 
P2 für n  m : P2  
22    0,25  0,18
2!2  10 
Pn 3  1  P0  P1  P2  1  0,25  0,30  0,18  0,27  27% vgl. 11: 47,57%

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 Formulas – Queuing theory:

M/M/1 M/M/c M/G/1 M/D/1

LQ

LS

WQ

WS

Literature:

1. Sauerwein, Fabian : „Mathematische Grundlagen der Warteschlangentheorie / Markov-

Ketten“, Akademische Schriftenreihe, Bd. V71073, 2007.

2. Yao, David D. / Chen, Hong: “Fundamentals of Queuing Networks: Performance,

Asymptotics, and Optimization”, Applications of Mathematics Vol.46.

3. Wolfgang Domschke und Andreas Drexl: „ Einführung in Operations Research“ , Springer,

Berlin; Auflage: 7., überarb. A. (8. März 2007).

4. Timm, Gudehus: „Logistik 1: Grundlagen, Verfahren und Strategien“, Springer, Berlin;

Auflage: 3. Auflage. (5. Oktober 2006).

5. Dieter, Arnold, Kai Furmans: „Materialfluss in Logistiksystemen“, Springer, Berlin; 2005.

Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften Prof.Dr.-Ing. Bernd Noche

Abteilung Maschinenbau Telefon: 0203 379-2785
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Transportsysteme und -logistik Telefax: 0203 379-3048
Keetmanstr. 3-9 E-Mail: bernd.noche@uni-due.de
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