Chap 17:

1. - An expatriate is a person residing in a country other than their native country. In common usage,
the term often refers to professionals, skilled workers, or artists taking positions outside their home
country. Expatriates are employees of organizations in one country who are assigned to work in
other countries on long- or short-term business projects. They help their companies establish
operations in other countries, enter overseas markets or transfer skills and knowledge to their
companies' business partners.
- Inpatriate
An employee of a multinational company who is from a foreign country, but is transferred from a
foreign subsidiary to the corporation's headquarters.
- Compensation in context of an expatriate: An allowances in context with Expatriate Compensation
are employee compensation payments added to base salaries because of higher expenses
encountered when living abroad.
2. - Global workforce refers to the international labor pool of workers, including those employed by
multinational companies and connected through a global system of networking and production,
immigrant workers, transient migrant workers, telecommuting workers, those in export-oriented
employment, contingent work or other precarious employment.
- Global Mobility is a HR (Human Resources) function that refers to a multinational corporation's
ability to move its people to offices in different countries. When an employee is asked to move
abroad as part of their job, this is called an International Assignment.
- A global mobility strategy is your business’s unique plan for seamlessly transitioning your
employees who travel or live in foreign companies.
This strategy offers comprehensive guidance and a structure for cross-border employee mobilization.
A top-notch global mobility strategy will be closely linked to your business plan, corporate vision,
and workplace values. To create a successful global mobility strategy, you will need to ensure that:
• All relevant team leaders and global mobility consultants are involved in the planning process
• Key considerations are carefully reviewed
• Workflows are meticulously detailed
3. -Urbanisation refers to the population shift from rural areas to urban areas, the decrease in the
proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change. It
is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more
people begin living and working in central areas.
- The workforce or labour force is the labour pool in employment. It is generally used to describe
those working for a single company or industry, but can also apply to a geographic region like a city,
state, or country.
4. -Labour Migration
Labour migrants are those seeking work or employment in the host country, or those that previously
saught work or were employed but are now unable to continue working and remain in residence in
the host country irrespective of their documentation.
-Labour Immigration
Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not
natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or
naturalized citizens. This is often associated with seeking to take up gainful employment, either
permanently or temporarily.
5. -Brain drain can be described as the process in which a country loses its most educated and
talented workers to other countries through migration. This trend is considered a problem, because
the most highly skilled and competent individuals leave the country, and contribute their expertise to
the economy of other countries. The country they leave can suffer economic hardships because
those who remain don't have the 'know-how' to make a difference.
-Brain drain is a slang term indicating substantial emigration or migration of individuals. A brain
drain can result from turmoil within a nation, the existence of favorable professional opportunities in
other countries, or from a desire to seek a higher standard of living.
- Effects of Brain Drain on the Home Country
Loss of tax revenue
Loss of potential future entrepreneurs
A shortage of important, skilled workers
The exodus may lead to loss of confidence in the economy, which will cause persons to desire to
leave rather than stay
Loss of innovative ideas
- Reverse brain drain is a form of brain drain where human capital moves in reverse from a more
developed country to a less developed country that is developing rapidly. These migrants may
accumulate savings, also known as remittances, and develop skills overseas that can be used in their
home country.
6. -A labor union, also called a trade union or worker's union, is an organization that represents the
collective interests of employees. Labor unions help workers unite to negotiate with employers over
wages, hours, benefits, and other working conditions.