@) tinue ‘| Inthis topic, you willbe able to ‘ales Here se woe te vate tbe 1 Gene age exressors bse on atte Representing Variables ‘Madam Soh wishes to buy a few pieces of local ceicacies from a stall. The number of pieces of delicacies Madam Soh wishes to buy and the proe of each delicacy are quentites with urknown values. 1 In mathematics, quantities with undetermined values are represented by letters and are called the variables. For example, leters k and x are variables with the condition: represents the number of pieces of delicacies Madam Soh wishes to buy and x represents the price per piece of the delicacies 2 kisa variable whose value varies because the value of k depends on Madam Sobs decision. The unit price of the delicacy 's determined by the stall, hence x is a ‘variable with a fixed value nates rr everson wih cera ety msn age ate concer a erly andra ems ‘4 Diagram 1 Variable —. k x (Number of pieces ‘of delicacies) (Unit price of deicactes) ‘Scanned with CamSeannerIdentifing the Terms in an Expression and the Coefficient of a Term 1 In an algebraic expression, the parts separated by the symbols + and - are called terms. 3x + 8y~ 7 has three terms, namely 3x, 8y and -7. 2 Note that every term is identified with the symbol + or - before it. The symbol + is normally omitted, for example +8y is written as 8y. Te ithe ‘The terms in an algebraic expression a ax 4 8-7 33x and By are also known as alge terms. An algebraic term is the producer a variable and a number. 4 ‘The numbers 3 and 8 in the algebraic terms 3x and By are the coefficients of x and , Generally, the coefficient of a variable in an algebraic term is the other factor in the algebraic term. 3-7 which is a term without a variable is called a constant. | | | | ~"Seanned with CamScannerLike and Unlike Terms 1 Look at the following pairs of terms. 8h 3h Both terms have the same variable, h, and the power of his 1 8h and 3h are like terms. 2k -7k Both terms have the same variable, k, | and the power of kis 2. | 2K and ~7Kare like terms. 2. Look at the following terms. 2 3d 9k The terms have different variables. 2p, 3d and 9k are unlike terms. 5c 6c e t t t ‘The terms have the same variable but different power. 5c, 6¢ and care unlike terms. 3 Like terms are terms with the same variables and also the same power. 4 Unlike terms are terms with different variables or terms with the same variable but different power. (Example 7p ‘Among the following pairs of terms, which pair(s) is/are like and unlike terms? a xand -1.5x b 7fand 8fh © 15m and Se Solution Both terms have the same variable with a power of 1. ‘Therefore, x and -1.5x are like terms. b The variables in term 8fh are fand h. The variable in term 7f is only f. ‘Therefore, 7f and 8fh are unlike terms. € The terms have the same variable but the power of the variables is different. Therefore, 1Sm and 4m are unlike terms. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner4 The area ofa ktchon is 12 my fess than the ‘arga of the guest room, (a) Hf the area ofthe quest room is 160 Mm what is the area ofthe kitchen? Ifthe area ofthe guest room isn, form {an algebraic expression forthe area ofthe ‘etchen, ) A rectangle has a length of 50 em and a \waith of 40 cm. Write an expression 10 ‘show the calculation forthe perimeter of the rectangee. (b) Ifthe length ofthe rectangle is m em {and the wach n em, write an algebraic ‘expression for the perimeter ofthe rectangle, 6 The cost of a penis RMx. Ramil bought y number of this pan, Express the total cost of the pens Rami bought in terms of x and y. 7 A father is 9 tenes older than his son, Ifthe son 'S y years ol, express the father’s age in terms ofy. 8 The cost of a cup is RMS and the cost of a saucer is BM2, Find the total pice of (a) 3 cups and 2 saucers, (0) n cups and m saucers. 19 Write an algebraic expression forthe number of days inn weeks, 110 Find the value of 4x 1 when 4 (xen x 111. Find the value of 4a + 8b when (@) a=6andb=4 ) a-tondo=3 w) a-tando~3 12. Find the value of 26 ~ 5y when fa y=0 113. Find the value of * = 2ed when (a) c=Sanaa=2 () 6=-2add=4 14 The perimeter ofa square with alangth of p em. 's 49 cm. Caleviate the perimeter ofthe square when @) pam 18. Every day, Sim brings books to schoo! ‘according to his lass metab, For each subject, he brings one textbook and three ‘exercise books. The mass of one textbook is ov ‘majand the mass of one exercise bookie nf (On Tuesday, the total mass ois books school bag i (Gm + 2) g. (a) What the numberof subjects in his twmetable on Tuosday? (0) itm = 200 and n = 60, whats the tot ‘mass of books in Sims School bag? | 16 Based on algebraic expression —Amn +p 4 state } {@) the number of terms inthe expression, (b) the coetficiet of p, (©) the coefficient of mn, } (d) the cootficient of m (@) the coetficiet of, (0) the constant Linda bends an iron wire to form a rectangle | with length p cm and width g cm. \ (a) Form an algebraic expression for the ‘perimeter of the rectangle. (0) Ip = 5 and = 3, how long, in.cm, is the! wire? i 418 Siate the number of terms inthe folowing ‘algebraic expressions. f@) a-b+5c-9 (0) Soq-par+ 1 19 Given an algebraic expression 6x ~y + 42 Identty the coefficient of @x oz oy Wz 20 Identity al the tke terms in the following Is. 14k -29 39k 8h 3.99? 34h 05k 221. Which of the folowing pairs of terms are ike terms and unike terms? (a) 8) and 5k (b) 2w and ~16w (@) Stand 6st (8) 1.29yand B1yx 22 Write down three ike terms for each tem below. (a) 6 (@ -de () 1000 @ 8 ©2 Wrte ansigsbraic expression which contans ne fixed valve and three algebraic terms lnvohing variables x and y. ‘24 Wte down three ike terms anc two unike terms of 5m. ‘Scanned with CamSeannerPractice & 1. Simplty the algebraic expressions below. (a) 3x42" (b) 2x~ 6x (o) x43 (6) -2x- 4x Find the sum of two or more ofthe algebraic expressions below. fa B+4.gyet (b) ~4y-x, ay +x (x= 3y-1,-y-3, 248 (0) 5x—4y, x4 27-3, Sry. (@) x4 2y-7, 5y-3%, 6 +4, 24 ‘Simpify each ofthe folowing (@) €a~10)+ (4a + 13) () (80-4)+ 0-1) Simply each ofthe flowing (a) E5k+ 3)~@k- 11) ©) 79-17) 69-23 (© @u—7v+1)-W—4v-12) (6) 8) 1) + 6-9 ‘Simply each ofthe following, (a) 4b +1)-@o-2) (b) (-3n~11)~44n + 19) (6) (@m-4n-+8)~(18m ~7n- 10) (G) -2))~-8x~ ay) = (7 + 3) (e) e+ Ty) (Sx 14y-9)-Y-3x +2) () (134 = By + S2)~ (Gx 102 + 8)- (6x79) ‘Serpity each ofthe folowing. (a) xs y~ K+ On + Gy) (©) (x= 2) + 0x-8)- 6-4) (©) (p- &m~6)- Gn dm + 13) + @m~70) (8 p+ 39-9) + (7 -20)-6q+ 25 +8)~ p=3s) Express each ofthe following in power form. (a) @o~ 5420-5) (0) (a+ 2b-cla + 2b- cha + 2b -cla + 2-c) (©) Ad x 4d x 4a x 4c a) (d) (©~ 20M ~ 2aHo- 2c) (0) (e+ 4y— Sia + dy — 3) + 4y Bi 4 4y 3) (= 2h ~ Ty = Ty = TeV = Fm (-7m) a eg ttm et fa) -8KP (0) (2p + 9qy* (c) (am-4) (@) (da +b-ScF ( (4d-3ey ‘Simpify each of the following, (a) 3a ac (b) 7de x 306" (0) -9kh x (he) (d) Garb + 28abo (@) -2uv+ 260° any'z+ 219724 2cd x Sd Th x Sah mn x;(-mn) Sqr xpr Bay x Tez 2 o ux tiom 410 Find the quotient of each ofthe folowing (@) dec + 860 (0) Ge +006 (c) 14m#n + (-10m) (0) 24% + 160° (©) ~Swx? + 15w4y ) -1G)nke + -12)h7K)_ ‘Simpy each ofthe flowing (@) Boe xcd + 4c 10) 6019 x5gh + 1019 (©) Bex O47) x (6) mn + -Smmp!) x (-180) (0) ~31y + -6e2) x ye) (10a + (daz) + (ab) 12 Simpity each of the folowing (a) at + (-4act) x (-12b0) (©) ~909 x 4p%r + -6p%) (©) —2m* x Sn) x (an) (©) Bayz 102+ 2) Najwa's mass is (76-9) kg whe Sue Orns mass (Qe + 2/- 5) kg, Sue Chin is heave, than Naja. What isthe dflerence in thor ‘mass? O19 ‘Scanned with CamSeannerSummative, ' PRACTICE Basic Level Mr. Rosian bought x kg of sugar at RMk er kg and y kg of rice at RM por kg in a supermarket State the vanables in ths stuation which have ‘xed values and varables which have values that varies. 2 Find the value of p - 2q +r when p q=2andr=-6, 3 Given the algebraic expression 3x —y + 2-9, State the number of terms in the algebraic expression. b State the coefficient of 4 Determine whether each pair of algebraic terms Below is lke oF nike terms. a dap, 22 2 bx © 509, Spqr 0.30, t4nm? 5 Sempity each of the folowing, 2 (Se ~7)+G~20) b u-ay+Lu+ my © (r+ 2)-(-Br-5) 4 (1-24 G (-35- 2H - (65-119 Gs + t+ 4) 6 Mr. Lim is 5 om taller than his wile, Find Mr. Lim's height i is wae's height is a 180 om b 168.on © hom 7 The price of @ papaya is RM2 and the price ‘of @ mango is RMI. Find the total price of @ 4 papayas and § mangoes 'b x papayas and y mangoes Intermediate Level {8 Find the sum of the three algebraic below: ——- ~2y + Te, ~4K + By ~ 8 ~ 10, Sy — ay 9 Find the subtraction of a ~ ab ~ 70 4 5 3a + 6 ~ 2c ~ 74, fom 10 Find the product for each of the folowing, a - fab x (abc) b atx Bee 11 Find the quotient for each ofthe towing, 10m = drm » - 24s 6A 12 A workers salary is calculated based on ‘algebraic expression RMISt, where t is ‘number of working hours, Find the worker’ salary when t = 8, 1b What is the quantity whose value is 15 in the algebraic expression? 13 The entry ticket for a robot exibition is FMa for children {and Mb for adults. A teacher brought a few students 10 the exhibition, ‘The total payment for the tickets is RM(5a +b), ‘a How many students did the teacher bring to the exhibition? b Find the total payment of the tickets when a=2andb=5, ‘Scanned with CamSeannerAdvanced Level 14 A salesman receives a salary of RM2 000 per month, He will receive a commission of RM80O for each car he sells. If he sells n cars in a particular month, a find his monthly salary when n = 18. b express his salary in terms of n. 15 A shopkeeper has p boxes of oranges. Each box has q oranges in good condition and r ‘oranges that have gone bad. Express in terms of p,q and r, a the total number of oranges in all boxes. b the total number of oranges in good condition. 16 The Body Mass Index (BMI) of a person is 2, where: m = mass (in kg), and t = height (in m). ‘Yazid's height is 163 cm and his mass is 50 kg. Calculate Yazid's BMI. 17 The lengths of two sides of a triangle are (2x + y - 1) cm and (x - 2y + 10) cm. ‘The perimeter of the triangle is (7x - 3y + 6) cm. a Write an algebraic expression for the length of the third side of the triangle. b Ifx =5 andy = -1, find the length of the third side. 18 Describe a daily life situation represented by the expression 2n + 4m. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner