ALGEBRA

1)
■Basic Algebraic Identities

●(a + b)^1 = a + b

●(a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2

●(a - b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2

●(a + b)^3 = a^3 + 3a^2b + 3ab^2 + b^3

●(a − b)^3 = a^3 − b^3 − 3ab(a − b);

●(a + b)^4 = a^4 + 4a^3b + 6a^2b^2 + 4ab^3 + b^4

●(a^2 + b^2)= (a+b)^2 −2ab

●(a^2-b^2) = (a-b)(a+b)

●(a^3 + b^3) = (a+b)(a^2 − ab + b^2)

●(a^3-b^3) = (a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)

●(a + b + c)^2 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

●(a^m)^n = a^mn = (a^n)^m

●If x+y+z =0, then x^3+y^3+z^3 =3xyz

●a^n − b^n = (a−b)[a^(n−1) + a^(n−2)b + a^(n−3)b^2 +...... +b^(n−1)]

2) Also note

● (a+b+c)^3 = a^3 + b^3 + c^3+ 3*(a+b+c)*(ab+bc+ac) - 3abc

● a^3 + b^3 + c^3 = (a + b + c) (a^2 + b^2 + c^2 – ab – bc – ca) + 3abc

3) If x+y+z =0, then prove that x^3+y^3+z^3 =3xyz.
Proof:
x+y +z = 0
x+y = -z

(x + y)³ = ( - z )³

x³ + y³ + 3xy ( x+y) = - z³
x³ + y³ - 3xyz = - z³

x³ + y³ +z³ = 3xyz

Q 4) If x+1/x =3, x^6 +1/x^6 = ?

Shortcut :

■ If x + 1/x = a

●x^2 + 1/x^2 = a^2-2

● x^3 + 1/x^3 = a^3-3a.

So, x+1/x = 3, => x^2 + 1/x^2 = 3^2-2 = 7

x^6 + 1/x^6 = 7^3 - 3*7 = 343-21 = 322.

5) If x-1/x=2, then x^4 +1/x^4 = ?

Oa:
x-1/x =2

square both sides

x^2+1/x^2=6

again square

x^4+1/x^4=6^2-2=34

6) ● The remainder when a function f(x) is divided x-a is f(a).

Ex. Remainder when f(x) = x^2+5 is divided by x-3 is f (3) = 3^2 + 5 = 14.
Q 7) The polynomials ax^3+3x^2-13 and 2x^3-5x+a are divided by x+2. If remainder in each
case is same find a .

Oa: 5/9

Q 8) What is the value of p if x+3 is a factor of 3x^2+px+6 ?

Oa:
Factor means , remainder must be 0

So on putting x = -3 in equation , it should be = 0

So 3*(-3)^2 - 3p + 6 = 0

P = 11