​ALGEBRA

1)
■Basic Algebraic Identities

●(a + b)^1 = a + b

●(a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2

●(a - b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2

●(a + b)^3 = a^3 + 3a^2b + 3ab^2 + b^3

●(a − b)^3 = a^3 − b^3 − 3ab(a − b);

●(a + b)^4 = a^4 + 4a^3b + 6a^2b^2 + 4ab^3 + b^4

●(a^2 + b^2)= (a+b)^2 −2ab

●(a^2-b^2) = (a-b)(a+b)

●(a^3 + b^3) = (a+b)(a^2 − ab + b^2)

●(a^3-b^3) = (a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)

●(a + b + c)^2 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

●(a^m)^n = a^mn = (a^n)^m

●If x+y+z =0, then x^3+y^3+z^3 =3xyz

●a^n − b^n = (a−b)[a^(n−1) + a^(n−2)b + a^(n−3)b^2 +...... +b^(n−1)]

2) Also note

● (a+b+c)^3 = a^3 + b^3 + c^3+ 3*(a+b+c)*(ab+bc+ac) - 3abc

● a^3 + b^3 + c^3 = (a + b + c) (a^2 + b^2 + c^2 – ab – bc – ca) + 3abc

3) If x+y+z =0, then prove that x^3+y^3+z^3 =3xyz.

Proof:
x+y +z = 0
x+y = -z

(x + y)³ = ( - z )³

x³ + y³ + 3xy ( x+y) = - z³
x³ + y³ - 3xyz = - z³

x³ + y³ +z³ = 3xyz

Q 4) If x+1/x =3, x^6 +1/x^6 = ?

Shortcut :

■ If x + 1/x = a

●x^2 + 1/x^2 = a^2-2

● x^3 + 1/x^3 = a^3-3a.

So, x+1/x = 3, => x^2 + 1/x^2 = 3^2-2 = 7

x^6 + 1/x^6 = 7^3 - 3*7 = 343-21 = 322.

5) If x-1/x=2, then x^4 +1/x^4 = ?

Oa:
x-1/x =2

square both sides

x^2+1/x^2=6

again square

x^4+1/x^4=6^2-2=34

6) ● The remainder when a function f(x) is divided x-a is f(a).

Ex. Remainder when f(x) = x^2+5 is divided by x-3 is f (3) = 3^2 + 5 = 14.

Q 7) The polynomials ax^3+3x^2-13 and 2x^3-5x+a are divided by x+2. If remainder in each
case is same find a .
Oa: 5/9

Q 8) What is the value of p if x+3 is a factor of 3x^2+px+6 ?

Oa:
Factor means , remainder must be 0

So on putting x = -3 in equation , it should be = 0

So 3*(-3)^2 - 3p + 6 = 0

P = 11

9)
■ Past CAT Question :

If x + 1/x = rt3 .

x^55 + 1/x^55 = ?

x+ 1/x = √3

(x+ 1/x)³ = (√3)³

x³ + 1/x³ + 3( x +1/x) = 3√3

x³ +1/x³ = 0

(x³+1/x³)³ = x⁹ + 1/x⁹ + 3(x³+1/x³) = 0³

x⁹+1/x⁹= 0

(x⁹+1/x⁹)³ = x²⁷ + 1/x²⁷ + 3(x⁹+1/x⁹) = 0

x²⁷ + 1/x²⁷ = 0

(x²⁷ + 1/x²⁷)(x²⁸ + 1/x²⁸ ) = (x⁵⁵ +x + 1/x + 1/ x⁵⁵) = 0

(x⁵⁵ +1/ x⁵⁵)+(x+1/x) = 0

(x⁵⁵ +1/ x⁵⁵)= - (x+1/x)

(x⁵⁵ +1/ x⁵⁵) = -√3

Alternate Approach :

x+ 1/x = √3

(x+ 1/x)³ = (√3)³

x³ + 1/x³ + 3( x +1/x) = 3√3

x³ +1/x³ = 0

x³ (x³ + 1/x³) = 0• x³

x⁶ + 1 = 0

x⁶ = -1

x⁵⁵ + 1/x⁵⁵ = ( x⁶ )⁹ •x + 1/( x⁶ )⁹•x = - (x+1/x) = -√3

10)
■x^3 + 1/x^3 = 0

(x^6 + 1)/x^3 = 0

x^6 = -1
11) If x + 1/x = root 3

Then the value of x^120 + x^72 + x^42 + x^24 + x^6 +1 = ?

Oa:
(x^6)^20 + (x^6)^12+(x^6) ^7+(x^6) ^4+(x^6) +1
Put (x^6) = -1
Ans is 2

12) What is the remainder when 8¹⁰¹ +4¹⁰¹ + 2¹⁰¹ +1 is divided by 2¹⁰⁰ - 1 ?

Solution :

8¹⁰¹ +4¹⁰¹ + 2¹⁰¹ +1

= 2³⁰³+ 2²⁰²+2¹⁰¹+ 1
= 2³×(2¹⁰⁰)³ +2²(2¹⁰⁰)²+ 2×(2¹⁰⁰) +1

= 8×(2¹⁰⁰)³ +4(2¹⁰⁰)²+ 2×(2¹⁰⁰) +1

13) If a² - 4a - 3= 0 then the value of (a³ - a²+ a-1) / ( a² -1) , a≠ 1. = ___ ?

Oa:
adding 1 both sides
a² - 4a +1 = 4

a² +1 = 4(1+a)

(a³ - a² +a -1)/a² -1

(a²+1)(a-1)/(a-1)(a+1) = 4(a+1)/(a+1) = 4

14) If a is a solution of the equation x^2 - x - 1 = 0, then what will be the value of:-
a^6 - 2a^5 + a^3 + 5

a) 0
b) 1
c) 3
d) 5
e) 9

Oa:

Approach :

a^6 -a^5 -a^5 +a^3 +5

a^4(a^2-a) - a^3(a^2-1) +5

a^2 -1 = a

So 5.

ALTER

a is a solution of f(x) = x^2 - x - 1 = 0.. so f(a)=0

a^2 - a - 1 = 0
a^6 - 2a^5 + a^3 + 5 = a^6 - a^5 - a^4 - a^5 + a^4 + a^3 + 5
= a^4(a^2 - a - 1) - a^3(a^2 - a - 1) +5
= 0 - 0 +5 =5 Ans..

15) If x^2 + (1/x)^2 = 1, find the value of x^20 + x^14 - x^4 + x^2 + 3.

Oa:
x^2 + 1/x^2 = a^2 - 2 = 1
a = rt3

and, x + 1/x = a

so x + 1/x = rt 3

x^6 = -1

putting in above equation we get

-x^2 + x^2 +1/x^2 + x^2 + 3 = a^2 -2 + 3 = a^2 + 1 = 3+1 = 4

16) If x^2 - 3x + 1 = 0, then find the value of x^9 + x^7 + x^(-7) + x^(-9)

Oa:

17) If 16^101 + 8^101 + 4^101 + 2^101 + 1 is divided by 2^100 + 1 remainder is

a) 0
b) 4
c) 11
d) 31
e) 101
Oa:
Put 2^100=-1
So 11 is the ans