Relations of Tajikistan with Armenia

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Armenia were
established on October 12, 1992.

The Tajik-Armenian relations are characterized by a spirit of mutual trust, identity or

community of views on major international and regional issues.

Meeting of the two presidents greatly contributed to the convergence of mutual relations
and strengthening ties between them.

On 2-3 April 2002, President of the Republic of Armenia Robert Kocharyan visited Tajikistan.

On 25-26 November 2003, President of the Republic of Tajikistan E. Rahmon visited the
Republic of Armenia.

In 2005, the President of Tajikistan has made a shot-term visit to Armenia.

During mentioned visits the founding document - the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation
between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Armenia and a number of
intergovernmental and interdepartmental agreements in the field of investment, science,
technology, information, environmental protection and construction were signed.

The legal base of bilateral relations consists of more than 20 documents, which cover a wide
range of issues of bilateral cooperation in the fields of economy, trade, agriculture, health,
culture, science, education, and etc.

In recent years the parties are actively taking steps to establish and expand direct economic
links between enterprises of the two countries. Currently, both parties are holding mutual
supply of products for industrial use, consumer goods and raw materials.

Coordinating role in the trade and economic relations of the Republic of Tajikistan and the
Republic of Armenia plays Tajik-Armenian Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and
Economic Cooperation. During the meetings of this Commission were taken measures on
strengthening and further development of bilateral cooperation in various fields.

In general, the relationships between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Armenia
have the perspective of further development and strengthening.

Relations of Tajikistan with Belarus

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Belarus were
established on September 5, 1996 by the exchange of the notes.

The Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan functions in the capital of the Republic of Belarus,
Minsk since 1997 and the Embassy of the Republic of Belarus operates in Dushanbe since
2011.

At the present stage, Tajik-Belarusian relations are characterized by a high level of

development both on a bilateral and multilateral basis.

The permanent political dialogue at the highest level was established in the bilateral
relations, thus fostering the dynamic development and expansion of our relations.

The meetings of the heads of states became almost regular in the framework of activities of
the regional and international organizations, which generally define the general objectives of
strengthening security and stability in the CIS, promote the integration processes in the
region. Our countries constructively cooperate in a regional format, in the framework of the
CIS, SCO, CICA, EurAsEC, CSTO, as well as globally, within the framework of the UN and the
OSCE.

Taking into account the proximity of our positions on many international issues Tajikistan
and Belarus support each other's initiatives in the framework of international and regional
organizations.

The main directions of cooperation in various spheres were concretized during the first
official visit of the President of Republic of Belarus A.Lukashenko to the Republic of
Tajikistan in April 2000.

The legal basis of bilateral Tajik-Belarusian relations was subsequently expanded by the
official visit of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon to the Republic of
Belarus in June 2001. The documents signed during the visit, mainly focused the trade-
economic and humanitarian cooperation between the states.

The meeting between the leaders in the framework of EurAsEC and CSTO`s summit which
was held in Minsk, November 26, 2009 is seen as a new trend in the development and
strengthening of the bilateral relations and the definition of countries future strategic plans.

The agreements on opening of a joint venture on repair of the Belarusian equipment

(«BelAZ», «MAZ»), purchased by Tajikistan were reached, as well as its service center.

According to the agreement the construction of «MTZ» tractors installation will be carried
out in the Khatlon region. The organization of such ventures in the Republic of Tajikistan will
provide additional job vacancies for the local population and will contribute to the
development of trade and economic cooperation with foreign countries and increase the
export potential of the country.

An official visit of the President of the Republic of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko to the
Republic of Tajikistan on October 28, 2011 was a significant event in bilateral relations. The
issues, related to the expansion of trade, economic, scientific, technological, military,
technological and cultural cooperation were discussed during the meeting. As the result of
the meeting, a set of important documents, as well as agreements and contracts in such
paramount areas of cooperation as economy, science, culture, sports, education and
migration, were signed.
Upon the request of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, the plant for the
production of tractors “MTZ” will now be built in Khatlon region (FEZ).

The organization of the assembly of tractors in the Republic of Tajikistan will provide
additional jobs for local population and will contribute to the development of trade and
economic cooperation with foreign countries and increase of the export capacity of the
country. About 270 tractors were delivered to Tajikistan from Minsk Tractor Plant.

The parameters of economic cooperation between Tajikistan and Belarus have a tendency of
gradual expansion and are mainly determined by the work of the Tajik-Belarusian
Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation established in 1999 and
the documents approved by two countries on various aspects of trade and economic
cooperation.

During the meetings, the Commission discussed the issues of cooperation in the sphere of
agriculture, energy, supply of engineering technology, joint ventures on producing tractors.

Trade and economic relations are focused on the need of organizing direct supply of raw
materials, products and consumer goods, as well as the development of relations between
the regional and economic entities of the two countries. In this light, it is needed to pay
attention to the development of goods-producing networks of the two countries through
creation of joint ventures and other forms of cooperation.

The import of Belarusian goods includes the import of heavy construction and mining
equipment, textiles and furniture, electrical equipment and appliances, wood and its
products, breeding stock, inorganic chemicals, pharmaceuticals.

The main items of export to Belarus include cotton, wool, dry fruits, aluminum, oil seeds and
fruit.

Work on supplying Tajikistan with the production of enterprises “BelAZ”, “MAZ”, “MTZ” and
promotion of this production in other markets of Central Asia is underway. Over the past
year, about 1000 of heavy-load construction and mining machinery was provided by Belarus
for Tajikistan.
As part of the exchange of experience between the enterprises of our countries, the work in
the field of cultivation and breeding of the cattle is carried out. The contracts between
business entities on joint production and supply of high quality seeds were signed as well.

Interregional cooperation between the regions and free economic zones of both countries is
intensively developing. An agreement on comprehensive cooperation between Sughd and
Vitebsk and between Minsk and Khatlon regions, as well as between Javan district and Uzda
district of the Minsk region of Belarus were signed.

The cooperation between the Chamber of Commerce of the Republic of Tajikistan and the
Chamber of Commerce of the Republic of Belarus is actively continuing. A business elite of
Mogilev region, including the representatives of JSC “Mogilevski myasokombinat”, JSC
“Bobruiski mashinostroitelni zavod”, JSP “Belshina” and JDLC “Tehnoteks”. During this visit,
the sides discussed prospects of cooperation in the field of supplying sausages, semi-finished
products, tires, sanitation supplies, paperboard and secondary paperboard products,
confectionery to Tajikistan.

The Tajik-Belarusian Business Council was established in 2011. Cross-cultural ties, as well as
cooperation in the field of education, science and healthcare develop fruitfully. The
department of Belarusian National Technical University started its functioning on the basis
of the Tajik Technical University named after M. Osimi in September, 2012.A number of tajik
students study in the higher educational facitilites of Belarus.

The works of Tajik poets and writers were translated to the Belarusian language and
published. The Belarusian-Tajik Friendship Society, established in March 2012, fruitfully
started its work. It established contacts with the Tajik-Belarusian Friendship Society, which
was created in Tajikistan in 2006.The inter-parliamentary relations actively develop; a
working group for cooperation was established. Art and scientific intelligentsia of the
countries actively participate in international cultural events, educational forums, exhibitions
of books held in the territories of Tajikistan and Belarus.

In general, the current state of the Tajik-Belarus relations has a tendency of phased
expansion. The process of practical implementation of the mutual desire of our two
countries to work more closely in multi-dimensional cooperation in accordance with the
potential and needs of the people can be seen in bilateral relations.
Relations of Tajikistan with Georgia

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and Georgia were established on
August 4, 1994.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Tajikistan and Georgia, these
relations are building on the principles of mutual trust, friendship, equality and mutual
respect.

In the framework of international and regional summits, the President of the Republic of
Tajikistan hold a number of meetings with the leaders of Georgia, where a wide range of
bilateral relations were discussed.

The legal base of the Tajik-Georgian relations includes the Protocol on Establishing
Diplomatic Relations and the two interagency agreements on inter-state calculations and on
cooperation in the field of construction. More than a dozen drafts are under consideration of
both parties.

The main imported goods from Georgia to Tajikistan are foodstuff, medicine, wood,
electrical equipment and furniture.
Economic cooperation of the Republic of Tajikistan and Georgia at the present stage is
clearly stated in the joint implementation of the Program of the European Union
«TRACECA», aimed at the development of the Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia. The
importance of participation of Tajikistan in this program is that it can open access for
Tajikistan to the Trans-European and Trans-Asian Transport Networks of Caucasus and
Central Asian countries.

In general, the relationships between the Republic of Tajikistan and Georgia have the
perspective of further development and strengthening.

Relations of Tajikistan with Kazakhstan

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan were
established on January 7, 1993. Diplomatic Mission of the Republic of Tajikistan in the
Republic of Kazakhstan started its functioning in June, 1993. Diplomatic mission of the
Republic of Kazakhstan, which received the Embassy status in January 2001, operates in
Dushanbe as an independent Mission since April, 1998.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, Tajik-Kazakh bilateral relations develop in a

direction of mutually beneficial cooperation. Tajik-Kazakh relations successfully develop in
political, trade, economic, scientific, technical, cultural and other spheres. Tajik-Kazakh
relations could be characterized as having the spirit of mutual trust, complete coincidence or
proximity of the positions regarding many actual international and regional problems.

The visits of the heads of the states became the main events in fostering relations and
consolidating the legal base of the cooperation. Thus, as a result of the visit of the President
of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon to Kazakhstan’s capital in January, 1993, the
basic document “Treaty on the Fundamentals of the Relations between the Republic of
Tajikistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan” was signed. As a result of the working visit of the
President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon to Kazakhstan in the lead of the
governmental delegation in November, 1995, a set of documents on bilateral cooperation in
the economic sphere was signed.

The first official visit of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev to the
Republic of Tajikistan was paid in June, 2000. This visit became a turning point in the history
of Tajik-Kazakh bilateral relations. As a result of a visit was signed intergovernmental and
interdepartmental agreements. These agreements gave a great impetus to the cooperation
of both countries in economic, political, scientific, technical and custom spheres.

Another positive impetus to the bilateral cooperation was given by the official visit of the
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev to the Republic of Tajikistan made in
September, 2007. The sides were signed agreements in the sphere of culture and arts,
agriculture, technical and professional education, investments and trade.

For the purpose of efficiently solving priority issues and further deepening of the bilateral
cooperation’s Tajikistan and Kazakhstan established sustained institutional basis Interstate
Coordinating Council, Council of ministers of foreign affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan and
Kazakhstan.

From the point of view of complex approach, the meetings of the Intergovernmental
Commission on Trade and Economic cooperation, which were conducted in 1998, 2001,
2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012 were of a huge importance for Tajik-Kazakh
bilateral relations.

Legal base of Tajik-Kazakh bilateral relations consists of 75 documents, signed during the
period between 1993 and 2013. Documents, approved by both sides, consider important
directions of the cooperation, and, of course, guarantee a solid legal base for further
strengthening of Tajik-Kazakh bilateral cooperation in political, economical, investment,
fiscal, banking and custom spheres, as well as in military and technical areas.

Coordination of foreign policy efforts of both sides on multilateral basis is tight. This
coordination is provided by the cooperation in the framework of such international and
regional organization, as UN, CIS, EurAsEC, CSTO and SCO. The field of cooperation in the
framework of these organizations is very wide – starting with designing and coordination of
foreign policy approaches to solution of the actual international and regional problems
ending with establishing wide spectrum of cooperation in trade, economic and humanitarian
areas.

The first priority directions of Tajik-Kazakh economic cooperation are: mining industry, non-
ferrous metallurgy, machine building sector, agricultural complex, energy sector, light
industry, transportation and communication sectors.

The main Tajikistan’s export articles are: electric power, cotton, aluminum and aluminum
products, fruit and vegetable production, as well as textile materials.

The main import articles from Kazakhstan are grain and flour products. Oil products, ferrous
products, inorganic chemistry products are imported in sufficient amounts.

Countries cooperate in joint use of water resources of the region. Kazakhstan has a certain
interest in the rich hydro energy resources of Tajikistan, which can be used in national
interests of all Central Asian countries on the mutually beneficial basis.

An agreement on creation of Kazakh-Tajik Direct Investments Fund was reached during the
official visit of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the Republic of Tajikistan on
12-13 September, 2007, and during the meeting of the heads of two friendly states, the
President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon with the President of the Republic
of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev.

Kazakh-Tajik Direct Investments Fund is aimed at realization of recoupment-able and

effective investment projects in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of
Kazakhstan, as well as abroad under mutual agreement between the sides.

Cultural and humanitarian cooperation between two countries is developing in the positive
course, which is typical for Tajik-Kazakh relations. Delegations of both countries constantly
take part in all-level events, organized by each other in cultural, scientific and technical
areas.
In General, the dynamics of development of bilateral Tajik-Kazakhstan relations shows that
the parties are interested in deepening mutually beneficial trade and economic ties and
strengthening their political contacts. The mutual aspiration of the sides towards the
development of bilateral cooperation in the spirit of mutual trust and partnership is
observed.

Relations of Tajikistan with Moldova

Tajikistan established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Moldova on January 26,
1993.

The Tajik-Moldovan relations are characterized by a spirit of mutual trust, identity or

community of views on major international and regional issues.

In November 2002, President of Moldova Vladimir Voronin made an official visit to the
Republic of Tajikistan. Following the visit were accepted the interstate, intergovernmental
and interdepartmental documents, including the basic document - the Treaty of Friendship
and Cooperation, which is favorable framework for a multi-faceted cooperation between
two countries.

The President of the Republic of Tajikistan in the formal and informal summits of the CIS
countries had several bilateral meetings with the officials of the Republic of Moldova, during
which they discussed various aspects of bilateral relations.
Priorities of multilateral contacts between two countries are viewed in the context of the
overall objectives defined in the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States,
such as the strengthening of security and stability in the CIS, promoting the further
development of integration processes.

The legal base of bilateral relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of
Moldova includes 14 intergovernmental and interdepartmental agreements in the field of
trade and economic cooperation and mutual protection of investments, information and etc.

An important element in coordinating of development and deepening of multilateral

cooperation is the Tajik-Moldovan Intergovernmental Commission on Trade-economic and
Scientific-technical Cooperation, established in 2004.

Relations of Tajikistan with Azerbaijan

Diplomatic relations between Tajikistan and Azerbaijan were established on 29 may 1992 by
the exchange of notes on the establishment of diplomatic relations. From September 22nd
2007 the Azerbaijan Embassy in the Republic of Tajikistan has been functioning and from
March23th 2008 the Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan in the Republic of Azerbaijan has
been functioning.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, bilateral and multilateral relations of

Tajikistan with Azerbaijan have been developing in the spirit of mutual respect. Tajikistan
and Azerbaijan are partners at the international level in the framework of such organizations
such UN, OSCE and CIS.
After the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries the official visits
of the President of Azerbaijan Republic Ilham Aliyev to the Republic of Tajikistan were held
on March15-16th, 2007 and the President Emomali Rahmon to the Republic of Azerbaijan on
August 13-14th 2007. During the visit the Sides determined the main directions of the Tajik-
Azerbaijan relations in political, economic, scientific-technical and humanitarian spheres,
oriented on long-term partnership.

It should be noted that the official visit of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali
Rahmon to Azerbaijan opened a new page in the history of the Tajik-Azerbaijani relations
and it is recognized as an important stage focused on the forthcoming decade. During the
visit there was a Joint statement of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan and the
President of the Azerbaijan Republic and 10 documents on different spheres were signed. In
the political Declaration the Heads of two States expressed their firm intention to continue
close and constructive political dialogue, to develop the Tajik-Azerbaijani partnership.

Currently Tajik-Azerbaijani legal base consists of more than 30 agreements and treaties,
where the Agreement on friendship and cooperation between Republic of Tajikistan and the
Republic of Azerbaijan dated 16.03.2007 is most fundamental. Adopted documents between
the two countries will surely provide legal base for the further strengthening bilateral
cooperation between Tajikistan and Azerbaijan in political, economic, investment, tax,
banking and customs spheres.

The priority directions of economic cooperation between the Republic of Tajikistan and the
Republic of Azerbaijan are: ferrous metallurgy, agriculture, power, light industry, transport
and communication, financial sector.

Every year trade turnover between the two countries tends to increase.

The main part of a trade turnover between Tajikistan and Azerbaijan consists of the products
of the aluminum plant sue TALCO, which are transported through Azerbaijani sea and
railway routes to Europe countries.

The inter-parliamentary cooperation of two countries is deepening - parliamentary

friendship Groups were established, numbers of working contacts between the
parliamentarians of the two countries were held.Cultural-humanitarian cooperation
between the two countries was always of mutual interest. The cultures of two countries are
close to the traditions, the way of life, and, of course, the cultural exchange is of particular
importance. National musical creations, as the Tajik classical music «Shashmaqom»
Azerbaijani Mugham» music «Ashig» and the Tajik «Falak» are traditionally very close.
Evidence of this is the holding of cultural exchanges with participation of modern Symphony
orchestras of Azerbaijan and Tajikistan.

In the of relations and strengthening cooperation in security sphere, the ties between the
military structures of the two countries are growing. Under the agreement in corresponding
Universities of Azerbaijan are trained citizens of Tajikistan.

Contacts between higher educational institutions of the two countries are actively
developing. The agreements between universities serve as a basis of contacts between
higher educational institutions of the two countries. The bilateral cooperation in the
scientific-technical sphere is deepening, too. Delegations of the two countries at various
levels continuously take part in events, conferences, forums and conferences conducted in
the field of science of the two countries.

Relations of Tajikistan with Kyrgyzstan

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic were
established in January 14, 1993 by signing the Protocol.

The Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic functions in Dushanbe since March 1997.

The Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan functions in Bishkek.

The main stages of the Tajik – Kyrgyz relations development after establishing of diplomatic
relations are as follows.

- January 1993, the working visit of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali
Rahmon to the Kyrgyz Republic;

- July 1996, the official visit of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic A.Akaev to the Republic
of Tajikistan;

- May 1998, the official visit of the President of the Republic of the Tajikistan E.Rahmon to
the Kyrgyz Republic;

- May 2004, the official visit of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic A.Akaev to the Republic
of Tajikistan;

- May 2008, the working visit of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic K.Bakiev to the Sogd
region of the Republic of Tajikistan;

- July 2010, the meeting of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon with
President of the Kyrgyz Republic Roza Atunbaeva during the 27th Meeting of the Interstate
Council of Eurasian Economic Community in Astana;

- November 2010, the meeting of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali
Rahmon with the President of the Kyrgyz Republic Roza Atunbaeva within the framework of
the Meeting of the Council of Heads of Government of the Shanghai Cooperation
Organization in Dushanbe;

- May 2013, the official visit of President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon to
the Kyrgyz Republic.

For the purpose of efficiently solving priority issues and further deepening of the bilateral
cooperation between Tajikistan and Kyrgyz Republic the sustainable institutional foundation
was established - Interstate Coordinating Council, The Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs
of the Republic of Tajikistan and Kyrgyz Republic, two Tajik-Kyrgyz Intergovernmental
commissions: for comprehensive review of bilateral issues and on delimitation and
demarcation of frontiers.

Priorities of political contacts of two countries are reviewed in the context of such common
goals as strengthening of security and stability in the region, the assistance for further
development of the integration process.

n this respect, cooperation within the framework in UN, OSCE, CIS, SCO, EAEC, CSTO,
IFAS,financial institutions and other international and regional organizations where the
Republic of Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic take part in, is of great importance.

The juridical base of bilateral Tajik-Kyrgyz relations, signed during 1993-2013, provides a
strong legal foundation for further strengthening of multilateral cooperation of the Republic
of Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic.

The basic documents, which regulate the main directions and fundamental principles of the
bilateral relations between Tajikistan and Kyrgyz Republic, are “Dushanbe Treaty on the
main interstate relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic” signed
in July 12, 1996 and “Treaty between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic on
good-neighborly relations and partnerships” from May 26, 2004.

In trade and economic relations between our countries there is a tendency of a certain
extension.

With the start of the work of Intergovernmental commission for comprehensive review of
bilateral issues, which was founded in July 12, 1997, the process of development of Tajik-
Kyrgyz relationsprocess has become more clear direction and tends to rise has a tendency to
rise and consistent specification.

It should be noted that the establishment of Intergovernmental commission for

comprehensive review of bilateral issues, its regular meetings have become a kind of
“bridge” for transition of cooperation between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz
Republic to a new level of development.
In general, in Tajik-Kyrgyz relations under the conditions of independent development there
is a desire to establish of mutually advantageous ties in different aspects of cooperation. In
these ties there is a spirit of mutual trust, good-neighborliness and friendly attitude towards
each other.

Relations of Tajikistan with Russia

Tajikistan and Russia are historically linked by centuries-old tradition, close interaction and
friendship people, deep interpenetration of cultures.

Russia is one of the first countries recognized independence and the sovereignty of
Tajikistan. The Protocol on establishment of diplomatic relations between two states, signed
on April 8th, 1992 in Dushanbe as a basis for establishment of new type of relationship
between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation in the conditions of
independent development served.

The Embassy of the Russian Federation was opened on May 4th, 1992 in Dushanbe.

On June 8th, 1993 the permanent mission of the Republic of Tajikistan in Moscow was
transformed into Permanent Mission of Republic of Tajikistan in the Russian Federation, and
on December 18th the Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan in the Russian Federation on its
base was opened. At the moment in Yekaterinburg and Ufa function consulate general,
which are playing an important role in defending rights and interests of citizen of Tajikistan
in different regions of Russia.

The Treaty of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance was signed on May 25th, 1993.
It was signed more than 230 interstate, intergovernmental and interdepartmental
agreements regulating cooperation in political, economic, military, cultural and
humanitarian and other areas. Active relations in a political sphere, including top-level
contacts are maintained. Heads of our states regularly meet within the state visits, working
trips and at various international forums. During meetings in various formats the most
topical issues of bilateral and multilateral Tajik-Russian cooperation of the international
interaction are discussed.

Within Tajikistan and Russia have common positions on the majority of conceptual questions
of the international, regional policy and integration interaction. Thus, special significance is
attached to questions of effective cooperation with in such international and regional
organizations, as the UN, OSCE, the CIS, SCO, EurAsEC, and CSTO. Meetings of Heads of two
states, the official visit of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan E. Rahmon to Moscow
which has taken place in April, 1999 are the evidence of forward development and
strengthening of partnership between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation.
During this meeting the Contract on allied interaction between the Russian Federation and
the Republic of Tajikistan, focused in the XXI century and Treaty on the status and conditions
of the Russian military base in Tajikistan were signed.

In strengthening the partnership and allied relations, deepening and development of

bilateral ties, the special tone is attached to giving by heads of two states a special status to
the bilateral cooperation of the strategic partnership. It was preceded by numerous
meetings in various formats.

It includes visits of President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon to Russian

Federation (April 2001, June 2004, in Moscow, October 2005, and June 2007 in Saint-
Petersburg, October 2007 in Chelyabinsk, August 2013 in Novo-Ogarevo and so on) and visits
to Dushanbe President of Russian Federation V. Putin (November 1999, July 2000, October
2001, April 2003, official visits of head of state in October 2004, August 2008, September
2011, October 2012)

During the visits, the key issues of the Tajik-Russian cooperation in the sphere of military and
border, security in the region, expansion of trade and economic relations, labor migration, a
number of agreements on their implementation of bilateral large-scale economic projects in
hydropower and non-ferrous metallurgy, mining gas, oil and minerals, were signed in
Tajikistan.

According to the agreement, from December 2004 - June 2005 was handed over in stages
Tajik border guards to Tajik- Afghan border, guarded by the border troops of the Russian
Federation.
In August 2008, an agreement was reached on the opening of branches of the leading
universities of Russia in Tajikistan, which are successfully operating today.

Evidence of sustained development and strengthening of partnership, alliance relations

between our two countries is an official visit to the Republic of Tajikistan, Russian President
Vladimir Putin on 5 October 2012, during which were signed documents on cooperation in
the military field, in the supply of petroleum products, energy and development of
cooperation in migration sphere.

The Russian side expressed its support for the implementation of the CASA-1000 project, as
well as Tajikistan's efforts to use its hydropower capacity to promote regional development.

In pursuance of the agreements reached during the visit, in 2013 were signed an agreement
on the supply of petroleum products to Tajikistan and relating to employment and the
protection of citizens' rights in the territories of each other. Projects of documents, the
construction of small hydro power plants in northern Tajikistan, the modernization of the
armed forces of the republic were created.

August 1, 2013, a working visit of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Rahmon
Emomali to the Russian Federation.

The two leaders during the visit reaffirmed that Russia and Tajikistan have a proven working
relationship alliances and strategic partnerships. It was noted that cooperation on a reliable
basis is an important factor of stability and security in Central Asia.

Parties are actively developing inter-parliamentary cooperation of the Republic of Tajikistan

and the Russian Federation. In October 2006 established a permanent commission of the
National Assembly of the Republic of Tajikistan to work with the Council of Federation of the
Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Parties are regularly holding meetings between
parliamentarians of the Parties.

These meetings are particularly intensified since the early 2000s, years: official visit of the
President of the Russian Federation Sergey Mironov in Tajikistan (3-5.04.2003. and 24-
26.08.2006.) Inter-chamber meeting of the parliamentary commission on cooperation
between the Majlisi namoyandagon Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan and the State
Duma of the Russian Federation ( 30.11.2005 . , 11 - 13.08.2006g . , Dushanbe ) , the official
visit of the President of the Russian State Duma Boris Gryzlov in Dushanbe (14-15.12.2005.)
visit of the parliamentary delegation of Tajikistan led by the chairman of the Assembly of
Representatives of the Republic of Tajikistan S.H.Hayrullaev to Moscow (2007), the first
parliamentary Forum : "Tajikistan - Russia : potential of Interregional cooperation"
(25.08.2006.) official visit of the President of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the
Russian Federation Sergey Naryshkin in Dushanbe (6- 7.10.2013.).

A key role in the development and strengthening of economic and scientific- technical
cooperation belongs to the Tajik-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission on Trade and
Economic Cooperation. Russia is the main trading partner of the Republic of Tajikistan,
which share in the trade balance of the country reaches more than 20 percent.

One of the important directions of economic cooperation between the two countries that
have impact on the economy of Tajikistan, as well as on the integration processes in the
region, of course, are the direct investments of Russian investments into the economy of the
country - in industries such as energy, manufacturing, metals and mining and construction
industry, aviation and rail transportation, high technology, agriculture, etc.

It should be noted that over the past few years, Russia made direct investments in Tajikistan
in total more than 700 million.

The company "Gazprom Neft" Tajikistan has invested in more than $ 40 million, and today
supplies to the Republic in the region of 60% of the total petrochemicals. Most largest
investment project is a hydroelectric power station "Sangtuda-1 ", which was put into
operation in 2008 .

In accordance with the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
and OAO "Gazprom", parties implement the projects to conduct exploration work on
prospective oil and gas areas of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Permanently established contacts between the foreign ministries of the two countries. Since
2008, became traditional annual meeting of foreign ministers of the parties and the signing
of the annual program of inter-MFA cooperation.
An important consideration in implementing effective policies to protect the interests and
rights of our citizens was the opening of Consulate General of the Republic of Tajikistan in
Yekaterinburg and Ufa.

Very productively developing cooperation in the spheres of education, science, culture, and
technology innovation. This is facilitated by the opening of representative office of "Russian
Cooperation", the two information and cultural centers of the "Russian world" in Tajikistan.
Currently operating in Tajikistan, along with the Russian-Tajik (Slavonic) University, and
branches of the Moscow University (MSU and «MISA»).

Over the past five years, the total number of students in Russian universities was over 5
thousands of students and has a tendency to increase.

Periodically carry out measures aimed at promoting culture, language and spiritual values of
the peoples of Tajikistan and Russia. Culture days and literature days became traditional in
Tajikistan and Russia (1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, and 2008).

The development of the Tajik- Russian relations has a stable trend phased expansion to the
realities of today. Against the background of a significant increase in the world the values of
economic diplomacy , in which there is a mutual desire to work more closely multi-
dimensional cooperation in accordance with the potential needs and mutual interest , taking
into account the interests of each other and close positions on issues of regional and global
politics.

Relations of Tajikistan with Turkmenistan

After gaining independence, the political basis of the Tajik-Turkmen relations was formed on
January 27, 1993 by signing of the Protocol "On the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations
between the Republic of Tajikistan and Turkmenistan."

The Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan functions in Ashgabat since February 1993. The
Embassy of Turkmenistan operates in Dushanbe as well.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, Tajik-Turkmen bilateral relations have

traditionally been built on the basis of mutually beneficial cooperation. Generally, Tajik-
Turkmen relations successfully develop in political, trade-economic, scientific-technical,
cultural and other spheres. They are characterized by the constant presence of the spirit of
mutual trust, the full identity or similarity of views on many major international and regional
issues of mutual interest.

During the period of independence, political contacts of Tajikistan with Turkmenistan were
rich in the regular official and working meetings of the Presidents and members of the
governments of two countries. There is no doubt, that the results of these meetings largely
determined the rhythm and dynamics of the development of bilateral relations. The most
important issues of bilateral and multilateral Tajik-Turkmen relations, their prior directions
and perspective of further deepening were discussed during the regular meetings of the
Presidents.

An official working visit of the Government of Tajikistan delegation, led by the Prime
Minister, was paid to Turkmenistan in January 1993. A package of documents, aimed at
settling various aspects of bilateral cooperation in trade and economic sphere, was signed as
a result of this visit.

In July 1995, the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon paid a working visit
to Ashgabat at the invitation of the first President of Turkmenistan S. Niyazov. This visit
resulted in a Joint Communiqué and other documents aimed at regulation of bilateral
relations in various fields.

In a short period (December 2006-February 2007), the President of the Republic of Tajikistan
Emomali Rahmon has twice visited Turkmenistan. Actual issues of bilateral and multilateral
Tajik-Turkmen relations were discussed during these visits. The President also attended the
opening ceremony of the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy in
Central Asia.
The mutual official visits in a short period of 2007 became a significant event in the history of
the Tajik-Turkmen relations. The official visit of the President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly
Berdimuhamedov to the Republic of Tajikistan was paid in early October 2007 and the
official visit of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon to Turkmenistan
was paid in December of the same year. These visits, no doubt, identified the rhythm and
dynamics of bilateral relations and identified their prior directions for and the prospects for
further deepening.

In 2009, in the framework of political contacts at the highest political level, a working visit of
the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon was paid to Turkmenistan. The
sides exchanged views on the prospects of bilateral cooperation in trade-economic,
scientific-technical, energy, cultural, humanitarian and other areas during this visit.

In March 2010, a state visit of the President of Turkmenistan was paid to the Republic of
Tajikistan.

This visit was an important new step in the development of Tajik-Turkmen relations, which
are based on the unbroken traditions of good neighborliness, friendship, brotherhood and
the principles of mutually beneficial cooperation.

The next negotiations, held on September 3, 2011 in Dushanbe, were another convincing
sign of commitment to the full-scale partnership for the benefit of the two brotherly nations.

On 22-24 August 2012, the President of the Republic of Tajikistan paid an official visit to
Turkmenistan. Another Tajik-Turkmen meeting on the highest level consolidated the
intergovernmental agreement reached earlier and marked new priority areas of mutually
beneficial cooperation. During the visit, the sides signed a package of documents aimed at
further intensification of multilateral cooperation in the sphere of economy, education,
culture, and also in the field of interregional cooperation.

As a part of Navruz International Festival , which was widely celebrated in March 2013 in
Ashgabat with the presidents of 10 countries of Central Asia taking part in the celebration, a
tripartite Memorandum of Understanding between Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and
Tajikistan on the Construction of the Railroad “Tajikistan-Afghanistan –Turkmenistan” was
signed. The project aimed at building a new railway line will become an important link in the
international transport traffic between the countries of Asian region. The realization of this
project will increase Tajikistan’s capacity for diversifying its transport corridors and will
contribute to further development of cooperation between the participating countries,
increase trade, create new jobs and give a new positive impetus to attraction of the foreign
investments. Tajikistan was created to address the issues of the implementation of the
railway project.

An official ceremony of starting building the railway “Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Tajikistan”

was held on June 5, 2013 in town Turkmenabade of Lebap region of Turkmenistan. The
Presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan attended the ceremony.

The legal base of Tajik-Turkmen bilateral relations regulates the main areas of cooperation.
The approved documents between the two countries provide a solid legal basis for the
further strengthening of bilateral cooperation in the political, economic, cultural,
humanitarian, investment, tax, and customs areas.

The coordination of foreign policy efforts of the two countries on a multilateral basis - in the
framework of international and regional organizations such as the UN, CIS, OSCE, ECO and
IFAS – is very intense. Areas of co-operation within these organizations are the widest - from
the creation and coordination of foreign policy approaches to address actual international
and regional problems to establishing a broad range of cooperation in trade, economic and
humanitarian fields.

In order to enhance bilateral Tajik-Turkmen cooperation and fuller use of a mutually

beneficial basis of wide potential that exists between the two countries, are helding
meetings of the joint Tajik-Turkmen Intergovernmental Commission on Trade-Economic and
Scientific-Technical Cooperation, during which the sides discussed the development of
bilateral cooperation in the fields of economy, trade, energy and industry, transport and
communications, agriculture, health and humanitarian and issues of debt and financial
requirements.

Tajikistan imports Turkmen oil, refined cottonseed oil, cement.

Turkmenistan receives consumer goods, aluminum and articles thereof, other agricultural
products from Tajikistan.
Actual areas of cooperation are energy, transport, agriculture and other sectors of the
economy. Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have established quite a successful partnership in the
field of rail transportation and international automobile communication.

Humanitarian cooperation between the two countries are also developing in line with that
of positivism, which is characteristic of the whole of the Tajik-Turkmen bilateral relations.
Delegations of the Republic of Tajikistan at various levels regularly take part in events
organized by the Turkmen side in cultural, scientific - technical areas. The Days of Culture of
the Republic of Tajikistan in Turkmenistan and the Days of Culture of Turkmenistan in
Tajikistan, as well as conferences and art exhibitions are conducting on regular basis in both
countries.

On January 27, 2013 Tajikistan and Turkmenistan marked the 20th anniversary of the
establishment of diplomatic relations between our two countries. On this occasion in
Ashgabat and Dushanbe were conducted various cultural events, which were attended by
creative teams from Tajikistan, organized, exhibitions and sales of textile fairs.

In general, the current state of the Tajik-Turkmen relations has a tendency of phased
expansion. The process of practical implementation of the mutual desire of our two
countries to work more closely in multi-dimensional cooperation in accordance with the
potential and needs of the people can be seen in bilateral relations.

Relations of Tajikistan with Ukraine

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and Ukraine were established on
April 24, 1992.

Bilateral relations are based on an interstate agreement – Treaty of Friendship and

Cooperation between the Republic of Tajikistan and Ukraine, dated July 6, 2001. The
fundamental principles of relations include trust and mutual understanding in the discussion
and solving of international and regional issues. Positions of countries find mutual support.
Legal base of the relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and Ukraine accounts for more
than 80 documents that cover a wide range of cooperation between the two countries in
various fields.

Mutual visits of heads of state play a special role in the development of comprehensive
cooperation between Tajikistan and Ukraine:

July 5-6, 2001, the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon made an official
visit to Ukraine.

April 8-10, 2003, a working visit of the President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma to the Republic
of Tajikistan.

March 6-7, 2008, the official visit of the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko to the
Republic of Tajikistan.

December 3-5, 2008, a state visit of the President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon to Ukraine.

September 3, 2011, a meeting of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali

Rahmon with the President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych in Dushanbe at the CIS Summit.

December 15-16, 2011, an official visit of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali
Rahmon to Ukraine.

July 2, 2012, a working visit of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon
to Ukraine.

During these visits were discussed the key issues of the Tajik-Ukrainian cooperation in
framework of bilateral and multilateral relations and signed a series of documents aimed on
development and strengthening of cooperation in various fields.
The basis of economic cooperation between Ukraine and Tajikistan are agreements, which
include: Agreement on "Basic principles and directions of economic cooperation", "On free
trade", "On the attraction and mutual protection of investments".

An important coordinating element of deepening multilateral cooperation is joint Tajik-

Ukrainian Intergovernmental Commission on Economic Cooperation, established in 2002.

In the signed protocols of the meeting of the Commission committed a consensus on

deepening the partnership in the construction of new and modernization of existing power
facilities, the designing and construction of thermal power plants based on coal deposits on
the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan, attracting Ukrainian investors to the economy of
Tajikistan, joint industrial enterprises, including the production of various electrical
equipment, mining and processing of natural resources and agricultural products.

Ukraine takes a leading position in export-import operations with the Republic of Tajikistan.
The main imported goods from Ukraine to Tajikistan are foodstuff, canned goods, sugar,
confectionery, pharmaceuticals, cement, bauxite, coal, coke, pitch, oil, synthetic corundum,
aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, motors and generators, turbines, paper, building
materials, metal products, home appliances, agricultural equipment, tractors, machinery,
products used in the electrical, railway cars, furniture and accessories.

The main exported goods from Tajikistan to Ukraine are raw cotton, food products, including
fruit and vegetables, dried fruit.

In recent years, an inter-regional cooperation between the two countries has remarkably
intensified. Between the Khatlon and Kharkiv, Khatlon and Lugansk Sughd and
Dnеpropetrovsk regions were signed memorandums on trade, economic, scientific-technical
and humanitarian cooperation.

Also, mutual visits of representatives of the administration, the business community,

representatives of industry and other organizations in Tajikistan and Ukraine were paid.

Cooperation between Tajikistan and Ukraine in the cultural sphere is steadily developing.
Each year, citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan go up to the institutes of higher education of
Ukraine on the basis of the state quota.

Ties between scientists of two countries are expanding. In recent years, cooperation
between the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan and the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine is developed productively.

Days of culture, aimed on the development and deepening of cultural cooperation between
two countries has also become a tradition in Tajikistan and Ukraine.

Currently, the Tajik-Ukrainian relations have a tendency of dynamic and long-term

development.

Tajikistan and Ukraine are interested in building and deepening mutually beneficial
cooperation, both bilaterally and multilaterally.

Relations of Tajikistan with Turkey

Relations between Tajikistan and Turkey

On January 29 1992 the Republic of Turkey recognized the independence of the Republic of
Tajikistan.
The Embassy of the Republic of Turkey in Dushanbe was opened in March 22, 1992.

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Turkeyto theRepublic of

Tajikistan is Mr. Mehmet Munis Dirik.

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiaryof the Republic of Tajikistanto the Republic of

Turkey is Mr. Sharipov Farruh Humiddinovich.

The Consulate General of the Republic of Tajikistan in Istanbul was opened in 2011.

Since the establishment of the diplomatic relations between the two countries the President
of the Republic of Tajikistan has paid 7 official and working visits to the Republic of Turkey
(May 1996, October 1998, November 1990, January 2006, March 2009, December 2010 and
December 2012).

The Presidents of Turkey made 3 official and working visits to the Republic of Tajikistan
(September 1995, November 2001 and May 2009).

In 2012 the trade turnover between the two countries reached 600 million 577 thousand
U.S.dollars, of which export was 493 million 378 thousand U.S.dollars. and import 107
million 199 thousand U.S.dollars. During the 9 months of 2013 the trade turnover reached
476 million U.S.Dollars (export 371 million U.S.Dollars, import - 105 million U.S.Dollars).

More than 60 Turkish companies are functioning in the Republic of Tajikistan.

The representation of Turkish International Cooperation Agency (TIKA) was opened in

Dushanbe in April 1996.
Relations of Tajikistan with China

Diplomatic relations between the two friendly and neighboring countries were established
on January 4, 1992.

Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Dushanbe has been functioning since March
13, 1992 and the Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan in Beijing was established in April 7,
1997.

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People's Republic of China to the

Republic of Tajikistan is Mr. Fan Syanzhun (since August 2010) and Ambassador
Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Tajikistan to the People's Republic of
China is Mr. Rashid Olimov (since November 2005).

The legal framework of the two countries accounts more than 200 interstate and
intergovernmental agreements.

Political aspect.

With the signing of the Joint Declaration between the Republic of Tajikistan and the People’s
Republic of China on establishing a strategic partnership in the threshold of the third decade
of diplomatic relations a new page of bilateral cooperation was opened between Tajikistan
and China.

Today, China is a strategic partner of the Republic of Tajikistan, thus strengthening and
development of the bilateral relations of friendship and cooperation with China is one of the
priorities in the foreign policy of Tajikistan.

Economy and trade.

The total trade turnover between the two countries in 2012 has reached U.S. $ 2 billion.
China is among the three largest trade partners of Tajikistan.

A number of large Chinese enterprises in various industries operate in Tajikistan.

Education.

More than 2,000 Tajik students are trained in more than 112 different institutions in China. A
large number of students are trained in an educational and cultural center of «Confucius» in
Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Chinese Government is organizing training courses and seminars in
various fields for Tajikistan’s specialists.

Chinese language centers have been opened in a number of higher education institutions of
the Republic of Tajikistan, moreover, the citizens of the People's Republic of China are also
trained in various universities of the country.
Culture.

The “Chinese culture corner” was opened at the National Library of Tajikistan. Both
countries hold regular cultural shows and events.

International cooperation. Tajikistan and China are active members of the regional and
international organizations and closely cooperate within the framework of these
organizations, in particular the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

Relations of Tajikistan with Afghanistan

Diplomatic relations between Tajikistan and Afghanistan were established on July15, 1992.

SharofiddinImomov- Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of

Tajikistan to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan(since 2008).

AbdulghafuriArezou- Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Islamic Republic

of Afghanistan to the Republic of Tajikistan (since 2010).

The Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was officially
opened in 2002. The first Consulate of Tajikistan in Afghanistan was opened in 1996 in
Takhar.

Aiming at implementation of the Agreement on friendship, cooperation and good

neighbourhood, Presidents of the both countries met in years 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2013 in
Tajikistan and in 1993, 1995 and 2010 in Afghanistan. During the meetings two presidents
discussed a wide range of issues of mutual concern. As a result of the meetings more than
70 agreementshave been signed,which created solid basis for developing cooperation
between the two brotherly countries.
It is worth to mention that Tajikistan always initiates summit meetings as well as
international and regional conferences which deal with maintaining peace and security in
Afghanistan, and social and economic development of the country.In this regard, at the
initiative of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, The Fifth Regional Economic
Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan (RECCA V) was held in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, on
March 26-27, 2012 to further develop and consolidate cooperation and partnership towards
promoting peace and prosperity in Afghanistan.

To further promote friendly relations both countries also collaborate in regional - trilateral
(Tajikistan-Afghanistan-Iran) and quadrilateral (Tajikistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-Russia)
formats to enhance cooperation in different areas, as well as regional and international
issues and promote mutual understanding.

Trade turnover between the two countries by September, 2013 averaged at US $ 120 million
(export US$74. million and import US$ 46. million).

Currently5 bridges have been built across riverPanj between the two countries.They
promote strengthening trade and transit cooperation between Tajikistan and Afghanistan.

More than 85 private Afghan companies are functioning in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Tajikistan and Afghanistan are closely cooperating in a culture-humanitarian field. In 2013

Tajikistan provided 50 scholarships for Afghani citizens for the years 2013 -2014.

Relations of Tajikistan with India

India was one of the firststate to recognize the independence of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of India were
established in 1992. The Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan in New Delhi was opened in
2003.

The first Indian Ambassador to the Republic of Tajikistan with the residence in Tehran was
accredited in 1993. The Embassy of the Republic of India in Dushanbe is functioning since
May, 1994. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Republic of India to the
Republic of Tajikistan is Asith Kumar Bhattacharjee.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relationsthe President of the Republic of Tajikistan

Emomali Rahmon has paid 3 official (1993, 1995 and 2001) and 2 state visits (2006 and 2012)
to the Republic of India. These significant events played an important role in strengthening
bilateral relations between both countries.

The first official visit of the President of the Republic of India Pratibha Devisingh Patil took
place in September, 2009, opening a new chapter in the relations between both countries.

Since 1992 more than 50 agreements, memoranda of understanding and other official
documents between the two countries were signed.

Trade and economic relations between both countries got a new impulse for development
in 2013. In 2011, the trade turnover between the two countries averaged at 26 million 858,
3 thousand U.S. dollars. In 2012, increased to 27 million 562,0 thousand US dollars. In the
first 8 months of 2013 the trade turnover between the two countries reached 29 million 842,
7 thousand U.S. dollars, of which export is 45,4 thousand and imports is 29 million. 797,4
thousand U.S. dollars.

National Air Carrier Company of Tajikistan «Tajik Air» started the direct flights from
Dushanbe to Delhi in 2013.

Tajikistan and India are closely cooperating in a cultural and humanitarian field. Indian
Council for cultural relations /ICCR/ in Delhi is annually offering scholarships for Tajikistan
students for MA and PhD degrees. At the same time under the Indian Technical and
Economic Cooperation /ITEC Program/ the Government of India annually provides 150
scholarships for government officials of Tajikistan.

Relations of Tajikistan with Iran

The Islamic Republic of Iran was among the first countries in the world to officially recognize
the independence of the Republic of Tajikistan in 1991 and on January 1991 was the first
country to open its Embassy in Dushanbe.

The Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan was opened in Tehran in June 1995.

More than 100 important agreements on cooperation have been signed and these
documents form direction of relations of the two friendly countries that share the common
language.

Construction of hydropower station “Sangtuda-2” (with 220 MW capacity) which was

launched in February 2006, will be carried out by investments of Iran. On the 5th of
September 2011 the Opening ceremony of the first aggregate of this hydropower station
was held.

There are more than 200 Iranian companies registered in Tajikistan, including tractor
manufactory “TajIran”, and all they work successfully.

In 2011 the volume of trade exchange between the two countries was 204 million U.S.
dollars which is 102% more than in 2010. In the 8 month of this year (2013) the trade
exchange between the two countries reached 280 million U.S. dollars.

In September 2012, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Ambassador
of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Republic of Tajikistan Aliasghar Shirdoust was awarded
the State Prize of the Republic of Tajikistan Abuabdullo Rudaki in the field of literature, art
and architecture for the year 2012.

The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of the Islamic Republic of Iran has
provided the citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan 250 training quotas. 30 educational quotas
by the Tajik higher education institutions were allocated for the Iranian students in 2013.

26-29 May 2012 in Tehran, the ninth meeting of the Joint Intergovernmental Commission on
Trade, Economic, Technological and Cultural Cooperation of the Islamic Republic of Iran and
Tajikistan was held.

Relations of Tajikistan with United Arab Emirates

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the United Arab Emirates were
established on December 18, 1995.

The legal and treaty basis of the relations between two countries consists of the agreements
signed during the official visits of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan to the United
Arab Emirates on December 1995 and April 2007.

Signed agreements cover various fields of cooperation including economy, trade,

investments, technology, culture, sport and youth policy that represent perspective
directions of development of relations between the two friendly countries.

The United Arab Emirates was the first country among the Arab World where the Republic of
Tajikistan opened its Consulate General in Dubai on March 2007. At the present time along
with the Consulate General, the Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan is functioning in Abu
Dhabi.

Relations of Tajikistan with Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a special position in the Tajik foreign policy in the Arab
World

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recognized the independence of the Republic of Tajikistan on
January 11, 1992 and diplomatic relations between two countries were established on
February 22, 1992.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the first Arab country that opened its diplomatic mission in
Tajikistan on January 2010 as a follow up to the Tajik Embassy inauguration in Saudi Arabia
in 2008.

The President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon has paid three visits to Saudi
Arabia (1997, 2001, 2005) over the past 20 years of bilateral relations thus setting up legal
framework that regulates bilateral relations between the two countries.

Bilateral relations between Tajikistan and Saudi Arabia gradually started to have firm
foundation for quality improvement. In order to establish cooperation between the public
sectors in the economy sphere of Tajikistan and Saudi Arabia, the joint intergovernmental
commission of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on trade-
economic and scientific -technical cooperation began to operate. Tajik and Saudi Arabian
entrepreneur’s Council is another tool for the development of cooperation between the
private sectors of the two countries.
Bilateral relations of Tajikistan with Great Britain

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and Great Britain were established
on January 15, 1992.

On December 20, 2001 the UK opened its Embassy in Dushanbe.

The Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II to the
Republic of Tajikistan is Hugh Stanley Philpott (presented credentials on 10 March 2015).

On February 11, 2008 the Embassy of Tajikistan was opened in London.

Political cooperation (exchange of visits). In July 2002 Deputy Secretary of State for Foreign
and Commonwealth Affairs of Great Britain John McGregory visited Tajikistan.

On February 25th – March 1st 2003 the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of
Tajikistan Talbak Nazarov had visited Great Britain and had met with representatives of
Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the professors of Cambridge University.

On July 7th 2006 the Prince Andrew, Duke of York visited Tajikistan. During his visit the
Prince took part in the ceremony of opening of the new building of the Embassy of UK in
Tajikistan and met with the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. He also visited Jomi
district as well as Kurgonteppa – Hatlon Region.

The second visit of the Prince of York took place on 26-28th of October 2008. And during
that visit the Prince checked the projects which are being implemented in Tajikistan.

In November 2010 the Permanent Under-Secretary of the Foreign and Commonwealth

Office Simon Fraser visited Tajikistan. He met President Rahmon, the Foreign Minister and
the Chief of Defense Staff.
On October 16, 2011 the Minister of State for International Development of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Alan Duncan MP visited Tajikistan. During this
visit Duncan met with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan.

On July 1, 2012 the Secretary of State for International Development of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Irelands Andrew Mitchell MP has paid a working visit to
Tajikistan. A. Mitchell has a several meetings with the Primer-Minister of the Republic of
Tajikistan O. Oqilov, Chairman of Tax Committee, as well as with the Tajik economic block.

On March 4-7, 2013 Baroness Vivien Stern paid an official visit to Tajikistan. During the visit,
she held meetings with the representatives of the lower house of the Parliament of the
Republic of Tajikistan, the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Republic of Tajikistan and
other officials.

On 6 September 2013 the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan

Hamrokhon Zarifi met with Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, Senior Minister of State at the Foreign
Office of the United Kingdom of the Great Britain and the Northern Ireland, at her first visit
to the Republic of Tajikistan.

On July 1-3, 2014 the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan Sirodjidin Aslov
has conducted a working visit to the UK. In the frameworks of his visit the official meetings
with Senior Minister for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Baroness Sayeeda Warsi,
Minister for the International Development, Alan Dunkan, Speaker of the House of Lords,
Baroness D’Souza, the President of EBRD, Suma Chakrabarti were held. The Minister has
made a statement before the members of the House of Lords of the British parliament and
held the meeting with the UK business circles to discuss the opportunities of further
cooperation.

On 22-26 September 2015, the Head of Central Asia divison, Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Department of the Foreign Office of Great Britain, Helen Walker visited Tajikistan. During her
stay she visited the free economic zone "Sughd". She also met with the Chairman of the
Committee for International Cooperation of the Lower Chamber (Majlisi namoyandagon) of
the Parliament of Tajikistan Mr. Olim Salimzoda.

On 15 February 2016, the Minister of State for International Development (DFID) of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Desmond Swayne arrived in Dushanbe
in order to implement the Tajik section of CASA-1000 project. The United Kingdom allocated
31 million pounds of soft loan for the implementation of the project.

Parliamentary cooperation. In July 2009 all Parliamentary Group on Tajikistan with

representatives from both houses of British Parliament was established. The Chairman of
the Group is Baroness Vivien Stern – Member of Houses of Lords in British Parliament.

Military cooperation. In the framework of the cooperation between Tajikistan and NATO, as
well as for the support Tajikistan provided to the coalition forces with the beginning of
military operations in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the UK cooperate in the military field. Each
year the consultations of the Ministries of Defense of two countries take place.

Trade and Economic cooperation. The Department for International Development (DFID) is
the part of the United Kingdom Government that manages Britain’s aid to developing
countries and works to get rid of extreme poverty. DFID has been active in Tajikistan since
2003.

In line with the recent major global review of its international assistance programme, the
United Kingdom’s Government will allocate an average of 27,5 million (£14m) a year to our
programmes in Central Asia, which benefit both Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic for the
period 2011-2015.

The Tajik-British cooperation is developing in trade and economic spheres. According to the
Ministry of Economic Development and Trade’s data the volume of trade between the
Republic of Tajikistan and Great Britain in 2016 (January-September) total amount of
bilateral trade reached 3723,1 thousand USD (import – 3082,5 thousand USD, export – 640,6
thousand USD).

In 9 months of 2017 (January-September) – the total amount of bilateral trade reached

3428,7 thousand US dollars (imports – 2856,9 thousand USD, export – 571,8 thousand USD).

Basic goods of export are cotton production a yarn, ores and concentrates. Basic goods of
import are mineral oil, the technological equipment.

On March 15-18, 2013 the first visit of UK’s economic delegation to Tajikistan took place.
During the visit have been scheduled several official meetings with representatives of
economic bloc of the Government, as well as several workshops and round tables with
representatives of business circles of the country.

The legal framework

Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan concerning the transit of defense
materials and personnel through/over the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan in
connection with the participation by the Armed Forces of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland in international efforts to stabilize and rebuild the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan ( signed on April 18th, 2013 in Dushanbe);

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for the avoidance of double
taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital
(signed on 1 July, 2014 in London).

Relations of Tajikistan with Uzbekistan

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan were
established on October 22, 1992. The Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan in Tashkent
functions since 1995.

Due to its economic development, geographical and geopolitical location, as well as to

community roots and historical ties between the two neighboring countries, the Republic of
Tajikistan pays constant attention to the further development and deepening of a wide
range of mutually beneficial cooperation with the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The legal base of bilateral Tajik-Uzbek relations includes 111 contracts and agreements
signed at the interstate, intergovernmental and interdepartmental levels in the period from
1992 to the present.

The approved documents between two countries cover all the key areas of cooperation
between two countries and provide a solid legal basis for the further strengthening of
bilateral cooperation between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan in the political, economic, trade and
other areas.

The Treaty of Friendship, Good-neighborliness and Cooperation between Tajikistan and

Uzbekistan, signed on January 4, 1993 in Tashkent and the Treaty of Eternal Friendship
between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan signed on June 15, 2000 are rightly considered to be the
main documents, which regulate the main directions of relations between Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan.

The sides defined the main principles of bilateral relations in these documents – mutual
respect for independence and sovereignty, equality, non-interference into the internal
affairs of each other, their mutual desire to establish mutually beneficial economic
partnership relations, both at the state level and at the level of economic entities.

At the end of 2001 took place working visits of the President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon
to Tashkent. The ways for constructive addressing the whole spectrum of problems in Tajik-
Uzbek relations are identified and fixed in a Joint Statement approved after the visit.

5, 2002. Currently, work on the final approval of the remaining less than 60 km of the border
is underway.

August 23, 2002 – the first meeting of Tajik-Uzbek Intergovernmental Commission on Trade
and Economic cooperation was held in Dushanbe. It has become an important event in
bilateral Tajik-Uzbek relations.

February 18, 2009 – after a seven-year pause, the regular meetings of Intergovernmental
Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation and Delimitation of State Border were held
in Dushanbe.
During the 2010 meetings at the intergovernmental stage have became regular: April 27,
2010 – the meeting of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Tajikistan M. A. Alimardon with
First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan R. Azimov was conducted in
Tashkent. May 22, 2010 – the meeting of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of
Tajikistan H. Zarifi with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan V. Norov
was conducted in Tashkent. June 11, 2010 – the bilateral negotiations between the
President of Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon and the President of Republic of
Uzbekistan Islam Karimov were held in Tashkent. January 5, 2012 – the meeting of the Prime
Minister of the Republic of Tajikistan M. A. Alimardon with the First Deputy Prime Minister
of the Republic of Uzbekistan R. Azimov took place in Tashkent. February 17-18, 2012 – the
meetings of the Minister of Education of the Republic of Tajikistan N. Saidov with the
Minister of General Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Temirov and the Minister of
Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan B. Hodiev.

Foreign trade analysis shows the negative trend, which led to a significant reduction of
mutual supplies of goods and services between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic
of Uzbekistan. There are all the necessary resources and reserves for the development of
mutually beneficial cooperation in this important area.

It is enough to say that having a huge cultural and humanitarian space, shared borders and
the developed communication system, we need to ensure the free movement of people,
goods and services that will contribute to a more effective development of many sectors in
the two countries and make fuller use of transit potential of each other for entering other
markets.

History, common cultural and spiritual values, as well as centuries-old tradition of mutual
respect and good neighborliness laid a solid foundation and the basic principles of relations
between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. These principles impose an equal responsibility on our
countries and Tajikistan, on its side, is always set to consistently develop a broad, build on
mutual trust, partnership with its nearest neighbor.

Uzbekistan – Tajikistan: a new stage of trade and economic cooperation

Relations between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, based on centuries-old friendship, the

principles of good-neighborliness, mutual respect and trust, are consistently strengthening
in the interests of people of the two countries. Thanks to the political will of the presidents
of the two countries, equal and mutually beneficial cooperation is rising to a qualitatively
new level.
In recent years, fundamental changes have taken place in Uzbek-Tajik relations. Bilateral
relations are consistently developing in political, trade-economic, investment, cultural and
humanitarian spheres. Air flights between Tashkent and Dushanbe have been resumed,
meetings of the Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation, as well
as on delimitation of the interstate border were held.

In April 2017, the National Exhibition of Uzbekistan’s products was held in Dushanbe for the
first time for intensifying trade and economic relations. Over 160 companies and over 400
entrepreneurs of our country presented more than 1,500 kinds of products, including
novelties of domestic electrical engineering, pharmaceutics, perfumery, leather-footwear,
chemical, food, textile, agricultural machinery, cars and trucks, buses, building materials,
elevators, household appliances, furniture and other goods.

According to the Tajik press, about 20 documents were signed on the results of the four-day
exhibition and the business forum of businessmen of the two countries. The exhibition
caused a wide resonance among Dushanbe residents and became a real surprise for many
Tajiks. Visitors, appreciating the quality of Uzbekistan’s products, were happy for the success
of the neighbors, achieved in the years of independence.

The return exhibition took place in October 2017 in Tashkent. It was attended by
representatives of more than 150 companies and entrepreneurs of Tajikistan, engaged in the
spheres such as oil and gas, construction, transport, minerals, pharmacology, light,
processing and agro-industry, healthcare, education, science and technology, tourism.

Conduction of these exhibitions and business forums served to unite with the Tajik partners
the efforts on promotion of products of the two countries in the world market. Within the
framework of exhibitions in Tashkent and Dushanbe, trade agreements were signed for a
total amount of more than $100 million. Their implementation will serve to increase mutual
trade turnover.

This indicator is consistently growing as a result of concrete measures taken by the

leadership of the two states on bringing trade and economic ties to a new level. So, in 2017
the volume of trade turnover between our countries amounted to 236,8 million dollars,
which is 20,2 percent more than in 2016.
Uzbekistan exports to Tajikistan mainly transportation services, mineral fertilizers and food
products. 24 enterprises, organized with participation of Tajik businessmen, are operating in
Uzbekistan, and in Tajikistan – 9 enterprises with participation of entrepreneurs of
Uzbekistan.

Last year, six trading houses of Uzbekistan were opened in Tajikistan. Soon, the trading
house of Tajikistan will start working in Tashkent, which will mainly offer construction
materials of "Gayur" group of companies. In the future, it is planned to replenish the
assortment of the trading house with other types of goods produced in Tajikistan.

Within the framework of the forthcoming state visit of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to
Tajikistan, an exhibition of products under the brand "Made in Uzbekistan" and a business
forum of representatives of business circles of the two countries will be organized. These
events will become another embodiment of the mutual desire to expanding trade and
economic cooperation and implementing joint projects.

At the exhibition, the potential of the leading sectors of the economy of Uzbekistan will be
demonstrated, presentations on rich historical and cultural heritage of our people, created
broad opportunities for investors, innovative projects will be presented.

In general, the ongoing dialogue between business circles of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan
contributes to further strengthening of relations between two close neighbors and friends.