The spouse has just passed away and there is a rumor that the company is due to be downsized.

Single parenthood accompanies a remarkable arrangement of passionate difficulties that can now
and again, feel overpowering and are best comprehended by ladies who share them. Endless
different mothers ponder the very same issues – from self-uncertainty and nervousness over cash
to the worry of settling on choices alone – and they've concocted some imaginative arrangements
that may work for you as well. Downsizing an organization is never a lovely errand to do.
Everybody in the organization is influenced here and there when an organization chooses to scale
back its number of workers. Besides making joblessness for a few, it likewise causes rebuilding
and a difference in obligations for other people. Entrepreneurs regularly settle on the choice to
scale down with much thought. Scaling back is commonly done in situations where the
organization is rolling out huge improvements to either build organization esteem or kill
overabundance costs.

Relating the six-step conceptions of problem solving by Hayes (1981) to solve the problem.
Step 1: Identify the Problem
Stage one is tied in with diagnosing the issue – the unique circumstance, foundation and side
effects of the issue.
When the gathering has a reasonable handle of what the issue is, they research the more extensive
indications to find the ramifications of the issue, who it influences, and how critical/imperative it is
to determine the side effects.

 Company downsizing
 Spouse has just passed away
Step 2: Determine the Root Cause(s) of the Problem
When every one of the side effects is found and the issue analysed and an underlying definition
concurred, the PS gather starts to investigate what has caused the issue. In this progression, the
critical thinking group will utilize instruments, for example:

 Lost business as a result of fewer salespeople

 Lack of new products since there are fewer R&D staff members.
 Reduced productivity when high performers
 Financial issues for children’s’ education
Step 3: Develop Alternative Solutions
Scientific, innovative critical thinking is tied in with making an assortment of arrangements, not
only one. Frequently the clearest answer isn't the best answer to the issue.
The PS assemble centers around finding the same number of answers for the issue, regardless of
how stunning they may appear.

 Failing to evaluate results and learn from mistakes.

 Failing to involve workers in the search for ways to reduce costs, waste and inefficiencies.
 Failing to change the way that work is done.
Step 4: Select a Solution
In the fourth step, bunches assess all the chosen, potential arrangements, and restricted it down to
one. This progression applies two key inquiries.

 Business scaling back is for the most part not a one-time occasion for general
associations. Endeavour to tune in and gain from chiefs, survivors, clients, and others with
the end goal to enhance the procedures and results whenever.
 Firms that cut specialists without changing business forms with an end goal to end up
more effective basically take a similar measure of work and load it onto fewer labourers.
Burnout and stress are ordinary side-effects of this methodology, which does nothing
totake care of more essential issues confronting a business—and speculators know it.

Step 5: Implement the solution

The next step is the execution of what was interpreted. How are we going to do this? It's easy
to analyze and interpret, but this is the place where we will know whether or not what we
have interpreted is successful. Everyone can find jobs, but what they're going to do to get it
quicker is what they're all about. There are a variety of ways to get a good job previously
listed, such as developing new friendships by meeting new individuals with common interests
by taking a class or joining a community such as a book club, dinner club, or sports team.
We've gotta join a work club. Useful tools, mentors, and task leaders may be other career
seekers. Being around people facing similar challenges during your job search can help to
energize and encourage you. As the network now plays a major role in employment for most
individuals, we must also extend our social network. The next step is to speak honestly and
allow our family members to understand our condition. This would make them voluntarily
assist us instead of being obligated to do so. As for the stage of evaluation and reflection, we
will determine what we have introduced.

Step 6: Analyze the Outcome

This assessment will inform us if what we implemented is right or wrong by the after-effect
of implementation, such as the effect of putting effort into getting work and discussing the
upcoming issue with family. Reflection is what kind of outcomes have been obtained that
offers us lessons and ways to strengthen ourselves for a better future, when both partners
need to work and can not focus exclusively on one person and the value of maintaining a
good relationship with other members of the family.

In short, unemployment or work loss is such a norm these days. Every issue has a solution.
By using the techniques and cycles that were previously described, we just need to find the
right ones to solve it. Giving up is not an option, because using these methods can solve
problems easily and quickly. All depends on how we see the issues, whether in a positive or a
negative way. What had previously been listed were all the potential solutions that could have
a positive impact and we had learned from this that we can not only rely on one source in
existence, but must have other backups when the main ones are disappearing. As the proverb
states, "The way is where there is a will."
Before deciding, they must realize the value of coming up with different solutions, since it is
very necessary to compile all the potential solutions to select which one has more pros than
cons. After that the compiled solutions must be evaluated, whether or not it is necessary to
apply them in their future situation. All the solutions that were collected have their own
advantages and drawbacks, such as the house maker who must work. Prior to this, he or she
has not worked and does not have job experience, so it would be difficult to adjust to the
working climate. In addition, living in the house with other family members can be hard as
they need to adapt to the culture of that house or people. But living in their parent's house will
make their lives easier when reviewing in the positive site since there will be no need for rent
and no babysitting expenses because it will be handled by your own relatives. It can also
provide extra income to do online business part time or when free.

The pros weigh more than the cons when interpreting what has been analyzed. It will easily
make them solve the problems that are coming by applying all these solutions. It would be
easier to find a new job earlier than waiting until the business closed, because it is not an easy
task to find a job. It will be better to speak to other family members sooner before the issue
arises, since they can plan for the next case. It seems more rational and the right thing to do to
interpret the pros and cons of living with family and both couples working for money,
because family will still support us in difficulties. The next step is the execution of what was
interpreted. How are we going to do this? It's easy to analyze and interpret, but this is the
place where we will know whether or not what we have interpreted is successful. Everyone
can find jobs, but what they're going to do to get it quicker is what they're all about.

2.

Child abuse is not a new issue in Malaysia. According to a report released by Utusan
Malaysia last year, 70% of child abuse cases were conducted by their own parents and 30%
were conducted by their maids. Day by day, child violence and neglect are threatening the
protection and well-being of several children across the country. Child abuse intentionally
damages the child or does not provide the child with basic needs. Child abuse can be in the
form of physical, mental, sexual, or neglect. Each type has its own distinct features. Parental
causes, ecological causes, or child issues may be causes of child violence. Parents include
parents with an emotional neglect history, unaware of the difference between discipline and
violence, and disconnected from the group. Teenage or single parents may also hurt their kids
because they lack the experience of raising kids. The child is surrounded by environmental
factors that are related to the environment. Poverty, overcrowding, drug abuse, and marital
issues, for instance. Child factors include infant disorder and special needs requirements.
Child abuse has a significant effect on the life of a child, undermining the self-esteem of a
child, the ability to have healthy relationships, and the ability to work at home, at work, and
at school.

According to (Potts & Mandleco,2007) “Sexual abuse is defined as exploitive sexual act(s)
imposed on a child who lacks the emotional, cognitive, or maturational development to deal
with the actions (Giardino, Brown, & Giardino, 2003)”. Sexual abuse can be in different
ways which are pressuring the child to engage in sexual activities, exposing the child genitals,
sexual contact with the child, incident exposure of genitals to a child, and physical contact to
child genitals. Everybody believes that the girls are more often abused sexually, but the fact
that both girls and boys are sexually abused. Studies have shown those sexual abuse victims
are usually between 6 and 9 years of age. Ashwill made it clear that children will show some
physical signs such as ”difficulty walking or sitting, torn, stained or bloody underclothing,
pain, swelling or itching of genitals, pain on urination, bruises, bleeding or lacerations
involving the external genitalia, vagina, or anal area and excessive masturbation” (Ashwill &
Droske, 1997, p 1289).

Causes of Child Abuse

It is necessary to identify the causes of child violence to solve the issue in order to avoid it.
Specialists and specialists who examined the environment and family history of a bused child
have identified three causes of child abuse: parental causes, ecological causes, and child
issues. Parental factors involve very young parents, and the lack of experience in caring for
children is more likely to ignore the needs of the infant. Teenage parents or single parents, for
instance, have never mastered the skills required for successful parenting. Nonetheless,
parents who experience several issues and can not regulate their rage that will harm their
children by physically assaulting them. Parents who were abused when they were young, on
the other hand, are more likely to abuse their own children as well. It's like a pattern of
harassment and brutality. Often, even though parents were abused, some parents raise their
children the same way as they grew.Some parents can not discern discipline from abuse that
leads to their children being physically punished in order to teach them the right things.
Parents who abuse their spouses physically may also abuse their kids. At the same time, even
for their children parents who suffer from mental illness, anxiety or depression will not make
the right choices for themselves.

Ecological considerations include the abuse by parents of drugs and alcohol. Parents who are
intoxicated do not think properly of their children's needs. They are also unrealistic in their
behavior, which can lead to their kids being exploited without even knowing they are doing
so. Some studies indicate that poverty plays an important role in children being abused. Since
parents face financial difficulties, they can not meet the needs of the child. In addition, these
parents are generally alone and lack social support. If on the other hand, couples have a
marital problem that can emotionally infect their children. Some parents are aware that they
are mistreating a child, but can not avoid it. Other violent parents simply dislike or become
disgusted with them. For the parent, the need for the infant, sloppiness, crying, or dirty
diapers are overwhelming. Abusive mothers prefer to feel that their kids are purposely
bothering them. Disturbed parents want the child to love them and make them happy in
certain instances. When the child cannot meet such unrealistic demands, the parent react with
lethal angry. Such parents are more likely to physically abuse their children” (Coon, 2004, p
154).

It is possible to detect short-term symptoms and display signs of violence in a short period of
time. For instance, wounds, burns or fractures that occur during physical violence that
recover after medical attention has been obtained. Some sexual activities include sexual play
with dolls that children can illustrate. The child will be violent, afraid of parents, fearful of
going home, and isolated from the public. The child will fight against other students in the
classroom. The child may have speech problems and may not express emotions. Children
who have been abused by their parents would not trust them to meet physical and emotional
needs that ultimately lead to lack of trust in the community for other individuals.

Long-term effects are signs that are difficult to identify at the beginning of cases of violence
and can improve with the child's developmental phase that leads to it continuing for a long
period. It almost occurs in adulthood if the child has not sought medical assistance. For
starters, it would be difficult for an adult to develop normal relationships with others. Adults
survive child abuse and may have unexplained symptoms of terror, depression and anxiety.
Adult sexual abuse survivors will abuse other kids, which is the abuse loop. Adults can also
suffer from sexually transmitted illnesses. Adults will have trouble communicating emotions
and may resort to drug abuse (alcohol or drugs). A grown-up can attempt suicide.

SOLUTION:

Cultivating a good environment

Prevention of child abuse has to be the number one step that society takes, so that an innocent
life will not be unnecessarily disturbed or in the worst cases, ruined. In my section of child
sexual abuse, I define prevention in more than a sentence because there are many techniques
for preventing child abuse and there are a number of circumstances where prevention can be
applied.

The first point of my assignment involves describing in the sense of child sexual exploitation
what prevention is and entails. It seems pretty easy when we think about the word prevent:
stop anything from happening. However, avoiding child sexual exploitation is not always this
easy. Those who sexually assault kids have a disability and have something seriously wrong
with their mental processes. Even if a person has been treated for abusive conduct and
appears to be normal, just as with former drug users, there is still a risk of recurrence. The
compulsion to do what they want to do never disappears entirely, no matter how much they
have rehabilitated, and even after prevention, this is an inevitable barrier to rehabilitation.

The only way to avoid sexual harassment of children and a potential child sexual abuser is to
exercise good parenting or guardianship. Children with accountable and caring parents are
less likely to be harmed because they are vigilant and respectful of their guardians. A child
with these conditions is often substantially less likely to be exploited when they grow older
because they are brought up with positive role models to emulate in a proper environment.

It is a common misconception that a child is more likely to be sexually assaulted by a

stranger than by a member of the family or anyone the family trusts. In fact, 30-40% of
recorded child sexual abuse includes a family member, and about 50% of sexually exploited
children are abused by an individual known to the family. This means that strangers abuse
about 10 percent of children who have been sexually exploited, so it is important that
prevention begins in the home. Another thing to think about is that only confirmed events are
involved in these figures. Knowledge regarding violence committed by a stranger is more
likely to be revealed by a child than by a parent, spouse, or family member. With that said,
the possibility that a child would be sexually assaulted by someone they meet rather than by a
total stranger is possibly much greater.

Sex education has only become relevant in recent years, but there has been sexual
exploitation of children throughout human history. Thus the introduction of sex education in
schools will reduce the incidence of sexual harassment of children and thus provide children
and adolescents with a way out. Moreover, the provision of sex education will also provide
support and guidance to children with intellectual disabilities when they go through puberty
(Carroll, 2010).

It can be argued that the introduction of sex education in schools is realistic in order to
minimize the incidence of child sexual abuse, as children and adolescents will learn about
child abusers and sexual abuse and may oppose such offenses. Children and adolescents
would be more conscious of the present situation of this new society and if necessary, would
know the steps to be taken. Not only that, it would be possible for the victimized to realize
that they are not alone and many are willing to give their plight a hand.

Conclusion

Looking at the credibility of the evidence and study carried out on this issue, it is fair to
conclude that sex education is strongly promoted in schools. Whether abstinence-only or
comprehensive sex education works better for students should however be checked. Only
then can the obtained outcomes from the selected schools be evaluated and then incorporated
into schools. Not only that, parents should also be encouraged to meet with conscientious
educators so that they can understand the substance of sex education and would be able to
discuss sex with their teens more easily. The conferences may consist of teachers explaining
to the students in schools what they will cover. Parents can no longer be on the other side of
incorporating sex education in the school curriculum by doing this.

Children and teenagers need good and correct information from the right sources about sex,
sexual relationships and various other related issues in order to make a right decision for their
present and future. They need to understand about what can happen if there are
misconceptions about sex, it in turn becomes dangerous. After all, “information is power, and
in this current, risky world, they would need all the necessary information they could get. For
they will be our future pillars for the next generation and the next. The implementation of sex
education in schools will be able to prepare them properly. Not only that, based on the
evidences and research done as well as collected carefully, it proves that sex education brings
many benefits by reducing the rate of teen pregnancy, providing teenagers with accurate and
helpful information, and also protecting them from harm.

Self Reflection

From my project research and experience, I have become more informed about how a child's
sexual exploitation can be avoided and how individuals and society as a whole can support
children who are already victimized. In my view, sexual harassment, especially against a
child, is one of the worst and most unethical things you can do as a human being. I learned
that people who commit this kind of violence against this group are often distorted and have
little control over their compulsive compulsion to commit these atrocities. To avoid this form
of devastation of a child's life, the very best thing we can do is to start with care and
preventive measures inside the home and also include these measures outside the homes in
public places. More than anything I have discovered that it is not an easy task to avoid this.
For abusive parents, it is almost difficult to protect a child within their own home if there is
no proof and the child is quiet about the case.
References

Elliott, Michele, K., Browne, and J., Kilcoyne. (1995). Child sexual abuse prevention: what
offenders tell us. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19(5), 579-594.

Fleming, Jillian., P. Mullen., and G. Bammer. (1197). A study of potential risk factors for
sexual abuse in childhood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 21(1), 49-58.

Taal, Margot and Monique Edelaar. (1997). Positive and Negative Effect of a child sexual
abuse prevention program. Child Abuse & Neglect, 21(4), 399-410.

Oates, R, Kim., J. Tebbutt, H. Swanston., D. Lynch and B. O’Toole. (1998). Prior childhood
sexual abuse in mothers of sexually abused children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(11), 1113-
1118.