Massa

husetts Institute of Te hnology - Physi s Department

Physi s - 8.02 Assignment #9 April 24, 2002.

We strongly re ommend that you read about a topi before it is overed in le tures.
Le ture Date Topi s Covered Reading from Gian oli

#29 Fri 4/26 Snell's law - Refra tion - Total Re e tion Se t. 33-5, 33-6 & 33-7
Dispersion - Prisms - Huygen's Prin iple Chapter 35 through Se t. 35-2
The Illusion of Color - The weird Benham Top
Edwin Land's famous demo

#30 Mon 4/29 Polarizers - Malus's law Handout Opti s Kits

Brewster angle Se t. 36-11 & 36-12
Polarization by re e tion and s attering Take Notes!
Why is the sky blue, why are sunsets red?
the sun will set in 26-100!

#31 Wed 5/1 Rainbows ( take notes) Bring a friend, this le ture
A modest rainbow will appear in 26-100! may also be appre iated by
Supernumerary bows - Fog bows non 8.02 \experts".
Polarization of the bows Se t. 33-6
Halo's around the sun and the moon - mo k suns

Due before 4 PM, Wednesday, May 1 in 4{339B.

Problem 9.1
Wavelength of radio waves.
Gian oli 32-37.

Problem 9.2
Traveling Ele tromagneti Waves.
Consider three examples of a plane, mono hromati , ele tromagneti wave traveling in a homogeneous
medium. The ele tri eld ve tor is given in ea h ase by

ase (1) Ex = 0 ; Ey = 0
Ez = 25 sin(1:57x + 4:71  108 t)
ase (2) Ex = 0 ; Ez = 0
Ey = 50 os(3:14x 9:42  108 t)
ase (3) Ex = 0 ; Ey = 0
Ez = 40 os(6:28x + 1:34  109t)

where jE
~ j is measured in V/m, t in se , and x in m. For ea h ase, answer the following questions:

(a) What is the propagation dire tion of the wave?

(b) What is the wavelength? What is the wave number?
( ) What is the frequen y of the wave in Hz?
(d) What is its speed?

1
 (e) What is the index of refra tion of the three media?
~
(f) What are the orresponding equations for the magneti eld, B
(g) For ase (3), what is the time-averaged Poynting ve tor (magnitude and dire tion) for the position
x = y = z = 3, and what for x = 5, y = z = 3?

Problem 9.3 E-M Waves { Maxwell's Equations, and the \speed of light".
We dis ussed in le tures that traveling Ele tromagneti waves in va uum of the form

E~ = Eo x^ os(kz ~ = Bo y^ os(kz
!t); B !t)
satisfy all 4 Maxwell's equations. In le tures, I showed that an appli ation of the generalized Ampere's Law
( losed loop surrounding area A2 , see below), leads to: Bo = "o o Eo , and I mentioned that independently
it follows from an appli ation of Faraday's Law that Bo = Eo = . Combining these two results then leads to
the fantasti result that the \speed of light" in va uum = 1=("o o )0:5 . I want you to show that Faraday's
Law indeed leads to the result Bo = Eo = . You an show this by hoosing a similar spe ial area as we did
in le tures:
H
Apply Faraday's Law, E~
d~` = dB , by hoosing an area
dt A1 , shown below, and al ulate separately
H
dB =dt and E~
d~`.

x λ/4

Both areas A1and A 2have

dimensions λ /4.
A1

A2
z
y
λ/4

Problem 9.4
A Standing Ele tromagneti Wave.
p
~ = E0 x^ os(2 3z ) os(7:0  1010t) where z is measured
A wave solution to Maxwell's Equations is given by E
in entimeters and t in se onds.
(a) What is the wavelength and the frequen y (in Hz) of the wave?
(b) What is the index of refra tion, n, of the medium?
~ , in terms of E0 , z and t.
( ) Give the expression for the asso iated magneti eld, B
p
(d) What is the time-averaged Poynting ve tor for x = y = 3, z = 3?
Note: Part ( ) is not as easy as it may seem. Your solution must satisfy all Maxwell's equations.

2
Problem 9.5
Polarization of Ele tromagneti Radiation.

(a) Des ribe the polarization state of the plane E-M waves represented by the following equations for the
~ (x; t) (Ex = 0 in all three ases):
ele tri eld E
(1) Ey = E0 sin(kx !t), Ez = 4E0 sin(kx !t)
(2) Ey = E0 os(kx + !t), Ez = E0 sin(kx + !t)
(3) Ey = 2E0 os(kx !t + 2 ), Ez = 2E0 sin(kx !t)
~ . Assume !=k = .
(b) In ea h ase, give the orresponding equations for the magneti eld, B

Problem 9.6
Radiation pressure due to the Sun.
Gian oli 32-29.

Problem 9.7
Snell's law in a tion ) Dispersion!
Gian oli 33-46.

Problem 9.8
Snell's law in a tion ) Fiber opti s!
Gian oli 33-53.