11/2020

Deployment of 5G DSS in Poland

Status Q4 2020

#hello5G
Robert Muzalewski
Łukasz Filipiuk
Rafał Szpila
1 Orange Restricted
tajemnica Orange Polska
Orange S.A. – confidential
Poland - Mobile Network Development
Orange Polska S.A. – confidential
Contents
I. Introduction
 Concept & terminology
 Carrier management and mobility aspects (based on Huawei)
 User equipment
II. Huawei DSS (commercial)
 Coverage, traffic and KPIs
 Hardware configuration
 Software configuration
 Challenges and encountered issues
III. Ericsson DSS (trial)
 E// DSS Configuration
 Field trial results
IV. Nokia DSS (trial)
 Field trial results
 Configuration
2 Orange Restricted
tajemnica Orange Polska S.A. – confidential
Introduction

3
Concept of Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)
Advantages
 User has 5G logo on the screen of terminal
Working principle  Some UEs could benefit from two Carriers in Uplink
Spectrum sharing enables pooling of radio
 The same coverage as LTE layer (in DSS mode)
resources in both UL and DL directions according
to instant needs and pre-defined policies between Disadvantages
LTE and NR (5G)
 Peak throughput NR in DSS smaller than pure LTE with the same
bandwidth
LTE resource
allocation
 Some UEs use band 20 as an anchor thus could suffer poor
performance if this layer is not co-located in every location.
 Peak throughput on LTE declines by 10% even without NR traffic
 NR efficiency in DSS mode is 15% lower than pure NR
10 MHz
 It may be difficult to aggregate other LTE carriers to DSS NR –
later release of SW will be necessary
 Key NR features like massive MIMO and beamforming cannot be
used because legacy LTE antenna system is utilised
NR resource
allocation
Constrains
4 Orange Restricted
tajemnica Orange Polska S.A. – confidential  DSS LTE layer cannot be used as a NR Anchor in NSA
architecture tajemnica Orange Polska S.A. – confidential
NSA networking - terminology

LTE Component Carriers  Master Cell Group (MCG)

Master base station (MeNB) : LTE

EN-DC capable UE
Secondary base station (SgNB): NR EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity

NR Component Carriers  Secondary Cell Group (SCG)

 5G icon strategy is set according to 3gpp config D ( Upper Layer Indication in LTE SIB2 is set to true)
 5G icon is displayed when UE is in DSS coverage - LTE idle mode, LTE connected mode or EN_DC connected mode.
Carrier management in NSA DC
Step1: Directing EN-DC UE towards LTE frequency layers on which they are able to be configured with EN-DC

Step2: SCG addition - PSCell configuration

Based on EN-DC band combinations supported by UE Some UEs support EN-DC only from
mechanism creates candidate target list for UE. selected frequency bands, ex. B20
Network configuration supports anchoring from all layers. in Samsung S20, iPhone 12 family

VoLTE

Strategy: VOLTE_PREFERRED (NR

released during VoLTE call)

 eNodeB releases the SgNB immediately after a

VoLTE service is initiated
 eNodeB will trigger an SgNB addition immediately
after the VoLTE service is released

Mechanism works in Idle Mode as well as in Connected Mode:

Idle Mode - Dedicated Priorities of LTE frequency layers in the RRC Connection Release message (the highest prio for NSA-DC-capable LTE Pcell)
Connected Mode – Handover to an NSA-DC-capable LTE Pcell with the highest priority.
Carrier management in NSA DC Crucial mechanism due to restrictions
in UE capabilities – some suport EN-DC
from subset of frequency layers
Step1: NSA PCC Anchoring procedure for NSA UEs

Directing NSA UE towards LTE frequency layers on which they are able to be configured with EN-DC

Idle Mode Connected Mode

Based on EN-DC capability information If NSA UE is camping on a lower-

reported by the UE and the PCC and SCG priority PCC or an NSA-DC-incapable
frequency association information PCC, the UE will be handed over to a
eNodeB notifies the UE through the higher-priority or an NSA-DC-
Dedicated Priorities in the RRC capable PCC through NSA PCC
Connection Release message about anchoring.
frequencies and priorities.

Upon reception of the dedicated priority

information,
the UE preferentially reselects a
frequency with the highest priority (NSA-
DC-capable PCC in this case).

*PCC - Primary Component Carrier

Carrier management in NSA DC
Step2: SCG addition - PSCell configuration

Configuring NR cells for NSA UE

NSA UE performs initial access,

SCG Addition Interval = 60s Periodic triggering and Event-based triggering incoming handover, or
incoming RRC connection
reestablishment

Measurement-based PSCell
or Blind PSCell Configuration
Configuration

VoLTE:
VolteUeScgMgmtStrategy
= VOLTE_PREFERRED
-> eNodeB releases the SgNB
! Gap-assisted measurement immediately after a VoLTE
service is initiated
-> eNodeB will trigger an SgNB
addition immediately after the
VoLTE service is released
Mobility – LTE initiated
MeNB (PCell) Handover

strategies for NR layer (SCG – Secondary Cell Group)

eNB handover without NR mobility eNB handover without SgNB change eNB handover with SgNB change

SCG released & added in new LTE cell SCG is maintained and changed later SCG is changed in tandem with LTE
SRAN 16.0 Procedure available in SRAN 16.1
Mobility – LTE initiated
MeNB
MeNB(PCell)
(PCell)Handover
Handover

eNB handover without NR mobility eNB handover without SgNB change eNB handover with SgNB change

SCG released & added in new LTE cell SCG is maintained and changed later SCG is changed in tandem with LTE

SRAN 16.0
Issues with inter-site PSCell change without phase sync.
Desirable procedure available in SRAN 16.1
Testing in preparation.
Mobility – 5G initiated
Coverage-based PScell change

Two types of PSCELL Change are supported:

Phase sync required

Intra-base-station cell change (SgNB Modification) Inter-base-station cell change (SgNB Change)
Mobility – 5G initiated
Coverage-based PScell change

Two types of PSCELL Change are supported:

Intra-base-station cell change (SgNB Modification) Inter-base-station cell change (SgNB Change)

Phase sync required

5G terminals - key parameters comparison (1/3)
Selected 5G and LTE UE capabilities based on the tests performed
Perspektywa sieci: Perspektywa sprzedaży:
 Number of Component Carriers used in 5G (DSS) mode could be limited by UE capabilities (less CCs in 5G mode than in LTE mode)
 Support of MIMO 4x4 could be limited in 5G mode (available not for all CCs)

LTE anchor LTE max DL DSS max DL LTE max DL DSS max DL LTE max UL DSS max UL
UE
band CC CC layers* layers* CC CC
Huawei P40 Pro/+ 3,7,20 4 3 12 12 1 2
Huawei P40 20 4 2 8 4 1 2
Huawei P40 Lite 5G 20 2 2 4 4 1 2
Huawei 5G CPE Pro 2 3,7,20 4 4 12 12 1 2
Huawei Mate 40 Pro 3,7,20 4 4 12 12 1 2
Xiaomi Mi 10/Pro 3,7,20 4 4 14 12 1 2
Xiaomi Mi 10 Lite 3,7 3 2 8 6 1 2

Xiaomi Mi 10 T/T Pro 3,7,20 4 4 14 14 1 2

Xiaomi Mi 10 T Lite 3,7,20 3 3 8 10 1 2

*number of RX layers for maximum MIMO and CA combination, e.g. B7 MIMO 2x2 + n1 MIMO 4x4 = 6 layers
5G terminals - key parameters comparison (2/3)
Selected 5G and LTE UE capabilities based on the tests performed
Perspektywa sieci: Perspektywa sprzedaży:
LTE anchor LTE max DL DSS max DL LTE max DL DSS max DL LTE max UL DSS max UL
UE
band CC CC layers* layers* CC CC
LG Velvet 3,7,20 3 3 10 8 1 2
LG Wing 3,7,20 3 3 10 8 1 2
2 (3 SW
Motorola Edge 3,7,20 3 10 8 1 2
update)
Motorola G 5G Plus 3,7,20 3 3 10 10 2 2
Motorola razr 5G 3,7,20 3 3 10 10 1 2
Nokia 8.3 3,7,20 4 4 14 14 2 2
Oppo Reno 4 Pro 5G 3,7,20 3 3 12 12 1 2
Oppo Reno 4Z 5G 3,7,20 4 3 12 12 1 2

*number of RX layers for maximum MIMO and CA combination, e.g. B7 MIMO 2x2 + n1 MIMO 4x4 = 6 layers
5G terminals - key parameters comparison (3/3)
Selected 5G and LTE UE capabilities based on the tests performed
Perspektywa sieci:
LTE anchor LTE max DL DSS max DL LTE max DL DSS max DL LTE max UL DSS max UL
UE
band CC CC layers* layers* CC CC
Sony Xperia 1 II 20 4 3 14 10 2 2
Sony Xperia 5 II 20 4 4 14 14 2 2
Samsung A42 5G 7,20 3 3 8 8 1 2
Samsung Z Flip 5G 20 4 4 14 14 1 2
Samsung Z Fold 2 5G 20 4 4 14 14 1 2
Samsung S20 FE 5G 20 4 4 10 10 1 2
Samsung S20+ 5G/ 1 (2 SW
20 4 4 14 14 1
Ultra update)
Samsung Note 20
20 4 4 14 14 1 2
5G/ Ultra 5G
Samsung Tab S7+ 5G 20 4 4 14 14 1 2

*number of RX layers for maximum MIMO and CA combination, e.g. B7 MIMO 2x2 + n1 MIMO 4x4 = 6 layers
DSS vs. LTE Performance – static results
Xiaomi Mi Xiaomi Mi LG Velvet Motorola Sony Xperia 1 Huawei P40 Samsung Huawei P40 Huawei 5G CPE
10 10 Lite 5G Edge II Pro S20+/Ultra Lite 5G Pro 2

DSS 4(DSS + 3 LTE) 2 (DSS + 1 LTE) 4 (DSS + 3 LTE)

4 (DSS + 3 LTE) 2 (DSS + 1 LTE) 3 (DSS + 2 LTE) 2 (DSS + 1 LTE) 3 (DSS + 2 LTE) 3 (DSS + 2 LTE)
Aggregation

LTE 4 LTE 3 LTE 3 LTE 3 LTE 4 LTE 4 LTE 4 LTE 2 LTE 4 LTE
Aggregation

LTE Anchor B3, B7, B20 B3, B7 B3, B7, B20 B3, B7, B20 B20 B3, B7, B20 B20 B20 B3, B7, B20

DSS DL 198 Mbps 63 Mbps 111 Mbps 113 Mbps 131 Mbps 192 Mbps 139 Mbps 48 Mbps 147 Mbps

LTE DL 195 Mbps 107 Mbps 141 Mbps 191 Mbps 191 Mbps 252 Mbps 131 Mbps 64 Mbps 139 Mbps

% DSS + 2% − 41% − 21% − 41% − 31% − 24% + 6% − 25% + 6%

DSS UL 18 Mbps 27 Mbps 23 Mbps 26 Mbps 24 Mbps 29 Mbps 27 Mbps 42 Mbps 45 Mbps

LTE UL 30 Mbps 25 Mbps 39 Mbps 34 Mbps 57 Mbps 44 Mbps 38 Mbps 32 Mbps 26 Mbps

% DSS - 40% + 1% − 41% − 24% − 58% − 34% − 29% + 31% + 73%

 LTE performance results obtained in the live network conditions

 Impact of the commercial traffic on LTE and NR performance results
ENDC UL Split Bearer
MIMO restrictions - example based on Xiaomi MI10
LTE only - CA DSS - CA

 LTE 800 MIMO 2x2 256QAM
 LTE 1800 MIMO 4x4 256QAM
 LTE 2100 MIMO 4x4 256QAM
 LTE 2600 MIMO 4x4 256QAM
theoretical
 Max throughput in OPL network
 LTE only 4CC CA - 780 Mbps
 LTE only 3CC CA – 683 Mbps
 LTE 800 MIMO 2x2 256QAM
 LTE 1800 MIMO 4x4 256QAM
 NR 2100 MIMO 4x4 256QAM
 LTE 2600 MIMO 2x2 256QAM
theoretical
 Max throughput in OPL network:
 NR + LTE 3CC CA - 634 Mbps

256 QAM – extra 30% to max throughput and needs low intercell interference

MIMO 4x4 – double max throughput and needs low intercell interference and mulitpath enviroment

Low interference environment – small traffic from neighbour cells set on the same frequency band
Huawei DSS

18
DSS coverage in Orange

Coverage: Sites:

~6 mln population 1600

40 cities and 330 smaller towns, including the biggest

cities in Poland with the largest number of customers:

Warszawa – agglomeration Płock – city center

Łódź – agglomeration
GOP – agglomeration
Kraków – city
Poznań – city center
Wrocław – city center
Kielce – city center
Opole – city center
Częstochowa – city center
Rzeszów – city center
Bielsko-Biała – city center

19 Interne Orange
5G traffic
DL Data volume & Average number of users

DL data volume (TeraBytes)

Number of active users

60%
78%
20
5G KPIs
NR Data Radio Bearer Setup Success Rate & Drop Rate

Low level of KPIs

at the beginning NR DRB setup success rate
due to:

 issues
generated by first Improvement thanks to SW
implementation of upgrade SRAN 16.0  16.1
5G/DSS mobile
phones

 issues
generated by EN-
DC mobile phones
incapable of DSS NR DRB drop rate
(SgNB addition
failure - Reject)

 small sample
size / small numer
of events

 SW SRAN 16.0
21
 DSS HW site configuration - RRU2100 DSS
2 LTE frequency layers + 2 NR frequency layers required due to RAN sharing (Orange & T-mobile)

Planned to commercial launch on SRAN 16.1, earlier launch on SRAN 16.0 to meet business needs.

RRU 2100
SRAN 16.0 SRAN 16.1
Type
DSS HW Ready DSS SW Ready DSS & RAN sharing DSS HW Ready DSS SW Ready DSS & RAN sharing
RRU3839 OK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK (2021Q2)

LTE FDD: 3 or LTE FDD: 3 or

RRU3959 OK NR FDD: 1 or NOK OK NR FDD: 3 or OK
DSS: 1 DSS: 3
legacy

LTE FDD:2 or
RRU3959a OK NOK NOK OK NR FDD:2 or OK
DSS:2

LTE FDD: 2 or LTE FDD:2 or

RRU5909 OK NR FDD: 1 or NOK OK NR FDD:2 or OK
DSS: 1 DSS:2

1800M：
LTE FDD: 2 or
1800:
NR FDD: 2 or
LTE FDD: 2
new

DSS: 2
RRU5502 OK
+ 1800: NOK
OK + OK
1800+2100 LTE FDD: 2 or 2100: OK
2100M:
NR FDD: 2 or
LTE FDD: 2 or
DSS: 2
NR FDD: 2 or
DSS: 2
DSS SW configuration
DSS configuration Status

OK
DRX LTE

DRX NR OK

Anchoring from all bands LTE co-site OK

UPPERLAYERINDICATION NR_NCELL_BASED_BROADCAST

PCCFREQCFG:PCCDLEARFCN=6200,NSAPCCANCHORINGPRIORITY=5;
PCCFREQCFG:PCCDLEARFCN=1749,NSAPCCANCHORINGPRIORITY=6; OK
PCCFREQCFG:PCCDLEARFCN=54,NSAPCCANCHORINGPRIORITY=0; Activation
PCCFREQCFG:PCCDLEARFCN=3025,NSAPCCANCHORINGPRIORITY=7;
conditioned the
OK
IDLEMODENSAPCCANCHORPOLICY=PRIOR_TO_PLMN availbility of phase
Intersite NR-NR neigbhor relations not defined synchronization.
Intersite LTE-NR neigbhor relations SON X2 deactivated. Relations deleted

VOLTEUESCGMGMTSTRATEGY=VOLTE_PREFERRED OK

NSA_DC_STATE_PCC_ANCHORING_SW OK

NR_SCG_FAST_ADDITION_SW OK

ENDC UL 2CC (split bearer) OK

NrScgFreqConfig.NsaDcB1ThldRsrp z -105dBm -> -120dBm OK

Offline charging OK

NRSCGINACTIVITYRELSTRATEGY=REL_UPON_LTE_INACTVTY_TMR_EXPN OK

NRDUCellPrach.PrachConfigurationIndex = 65535 (auto PRACH conf.index) OK

23
NRDUCell. CellRadius = 12000 OK
DSS SW configuration - DRX
Settings required by one of head UE vendors
Overview:
LTE-RRC Inactivity timer 10s
DRX enables UEs in RRC_CONNECTED mode to periodically suspend
monitoring the PDCCH, thereby reducing the power consumption of UEs, SCG Inactivity Timer 10s
especially when UEs are performing the following services
C-DRX Enabled
 Periodic transmission of continuous small packets
On Duration Timer 10ms
 Delay-insensitive services
DRX Inactivity Timer 80ms
 Services characterized by small sparse packets
DRX is short for discontinuous reception. When the UE needs to receive DRX Retransmission Timer 8ms
downlink (DL) data or signaling, the UE turns on its receiver. In other Long DRX Cycle 160ms
situations, the UE turns off its receiver to reduce power consumption.
Short DRX Cycle Disabled

Verification test:

24
ENDC Uplink Split Bearer - Drive Test results
Xiaomi: Reference DT Xiaomi: After ENDC UL Split Bearer activation

Xiaomi:
– Before: 7.7 Mbps
– ENDC UL 2CC: 15.9 Mbps

LG:
– Before: 9.8 Mbps
– ENDC UL 2CC: 19.2 Mbps

 No additional issues observed after ENDC UL split bearer activation

 UL throughput on a single layer is maintained when there are problems on the second one
 The UL data split mode is specified by the QCI-level parameters

Adding PDCP parameters group:

ADD GNBPDCPPARAMGROUP:PDCPPARAMGROUPID=20,DLDATAPDCPSPLITMODE=SCG_AND_MCG,ULDATASPLITTHRESHOLD=BYTE51200;
Assignment on the QCI level:
MOD NRCELLQCIBEARER:NRCELLID=X,QCI=XY,AMPDCPPARAMGROUPID=20;
25 MOD NRCELLQCIBEARER:NRCELLID=X,QCI=XY,AMPDCPPARAMGROUPID=20;
Challenges and encountered issues
Radio Network:
 PCC anchoring in Idle Mode -> priorities only for LTE anchor layer – explained on next slide
 PCC anchoring in Connected Mode – proper priorities configuration
 NR inactivity timer settings optimisation (release not earlier than LTE – along with LTE)
 Lack of NR cell reporting by UE (PScell change) -> phase synchronisation required
 Exclusion of LTE target cell being in HighLoad state in NSA DC PCC anchoring -> optimised by
RSVDSWPARA7=BIT3-1 (SRAN 16.0) or INTRA_ENODEB_NSA_DC_HO_ADM_SW=On (SRAN 16.1)
User Equipment:
 Support of LTE anchor only in B20 involves InterSite ENDC/LTE CA to mitigate performance
deterioration -> phase synchronised and low latency backhaul required
 ENDC UL Split Bearer not supported by all EN-DC mobile phones
 NR release due to thermal throttling -> UE cooling required during testing
 Some UEs have issues with LTE handovers (PRACH) which leads to re-establishments /band change
Common:
 UEs capable of EN-DC but incapable of DSS (lack of rateMatchingLTE-CRS) cause low DRB setup
Success Rate due to rejections in SgNB addition procedurę (SRAN16.0)
26
 Samsung S20: only L800 anchoring supported
PCC Anchoring
NR idle mode mobility

RRC Connection Release procedure

 NR DSS UE get dedicated priorities ONLY for all LTE anchoring supported
bands
 Non anchoring bands (incl. 3G carriers) are not sent to UE
 Reselection to other (than anchoring) layers will not be possible
Xiaomi Mi10
 eNB should sent also other carriers (with lower priorities) to give UE a chance
for re-selection to all supported bands (not only through anchoring bands)

 Request for improvement has been submitted to Huawei

27
Phase synchronization
Problem statement

 Most vendors claim that DSS rollout doesn’t require

time and phase synchronization
 However they indicate possible problem with ENDC
addition for the inter-site scenario due to possible
misalignment of measurement gaps and NR SSB
signals
 During field tests in OPL, problem with inter-site ENDC
setup was never detected
 During field tests, when inter-site ENDC was configured in
the network, we noticed problems with NR mobility :
limited number of PSCell change, increased number of
SCG failures due to RLF
 We suspect that similar effect take place – time  NR SSB period: 5; 10; 20; 40; 80; 160ms
misalignment of measurements and SSB signals for  SSB duration1; 2; 3; 4 ms
inter-site NR cells
 LTE measurement gap for NR: 6ms (period 40ms)
 SMTC duration: 1,2,3,4,5 ms
 SMTC period: 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 ms

SMTC: SSB-based RRM Measurement Timing Configuration window

28
Phase synchronization
Solutions
Two solutions proposed:

 Increase the SSB periodicity from 20 to 5 ms

– Negative impact on LTE performance -15% in compare
with SSB 20ms (due to additional 3 MSBFN)
– Some UEs don’t support SSB 5ms (i.e. Samsung S20)
– Some UEs can extend measurement window over 6ms
(HiSilicon to 21ms – Huawei P40 and CPE Pro support)

 Time and phase synchronization

– Should solve both NR addition and mobility issues
– Other RAN functionalities and technologies can benefit
from phase synchronization
– 5G TDD: ~1.5 s
– CoMP: ≤ 1 s
– OTDOA (positioning for emergency): ≤ 1 s
– Inter-site CA: ~3 s

 Decision: check time, phase synchronization solution

29
DSS performance: time, phase synchronisation impact
 All mobility prerequisites configured:
− inter-site ENDC, X2 interface + inter-site relations added by ANR,
− user/control plane routings
− NR-NR neighbour relations added manually as ANR doesn’t supported by DSS UEs

Frequency synchronization Time, phase synchronization

+6% 5G
coverage

No phase sync Phase sync Improvement

SS-RSRP -93 -91 +2dB
DL MCS(Avg) 6.4 7 +0.6
MAC DL Throughput 10.4 12.5 +2.1 Mbps
NR to NR modification Attempt Count 42 165 +123
30
SCG Failure Count 15 4 -11
DSS performance: time, phase synchronisation impact
Example of problem with detection of neigboring NR cell

Frequency synchronization Time, phase synchronization

LTE PCI LTE PCI

NR PCI
NR PCI

neighboring cell measured (in red)

No neighboring cell measured

SCG fail due to RLF

NR throughput OK

Poor NR throughput

31
Phase sync: recommended
Frequency sync Phase sync
 Results without phase sync
– No problems with NR addition detected
– SCG failures occurred
 Results with phase sync
– SCG failures reduced (15  4)
– More successful NR-NR mobility events (42  165)
– Avg NR PDSCH throughput increased (12  17 Mbps)

Best measured neighbor

OPL approach
 DSS area (clusters with DSS sites):
– Providing the phase sync in the DSS area (NR & LTE sites) Frequency
– Configuration the mobility prerequisites (X2, relations, etc.) sync
– Inter-site EN-DC (incl. LTE sites without DSS) Neighbor
– In future activating the inter-site CA LTE (under test) measurement
not efficient
 DSS buffer zone (LTE sites around the DSS area):
– Providing the phase sync in the buffer zone (LTE sites) around
the DSS area
Phase
– In future activating the inter-site CA LTE (target: to improve sync
performance on UE supporting only single band anchor –
Samsung S20, iPhone 12) Neighbor
measurement
efficient
32
PCC Ancoring 5G/DSS UE Problem
eNB 4CA eNB 3CA eNB 4CA

LTE 2600, 15MHz LTE 2600, 15MHz LTE 2600, 15MHz

LTE/5G DSS 2100, 10 Mhz LTE/5G DSS 2100, 10 Mhz LTE/5G DSS 2100, 10 Mhz

LTE 1800, 10 Mhz LTE 1800, 10 Mhz LTE 1800, 10 Mhz

LTE 800, 10 Mhz LTE 800, 10 Mhz

Affected area
Inter-eNB CA needed

 Anchoring only with LTE800

 LTE800 station density up to 60% in the city center (a network designed for high bands)
 Significant throughput degradation in affected areas, due to the poor signal quality of SCell
 Inter-eNB CA needed to improve SCell quality

33
PCC Ancoring 5G/DSS UE Problem

 Most popular devices affected by B20 LTE Anchor

 Samsung S20 Family
 IPhone 12 Family
 Sony Xperia 1 II

 Inter eNB/gNB is not working properly:

 Throughput degradation up to 40% (4CA InterSIte CA vs 3CA IntraSite)
 Phase synchronization required
 Low and stable latency on X2 / eX2
 Trouble ticket has been issued to Huawei (under investigation) a 1 II

34
Ericsson DSS

35
 E// DSS configuration

NR: 1CC + LTE CA: 3CC

B1 NR/LTE 10MHz
 DSS Band: B1 (2.1 GHz)
 DSS/LTE Bandwidth: 10MHz

LTE CA: 4CC

B7 LTE 15MHz
 Anchor bands for NR: B20 (0.8 GHz), B3 (1.8 GHz), B7 (2.6 GHz)

 Mobility scenario B3 LTE 10MHz

– NR: EN-DC terminals are pushed to anchor layers
– LTE: LTE legacy terminals are handled according to LTE layer priorities
B20 LTE 10MHz
 Max CA configuration: LTE 4CC or NR + LTE 3CC
 DSS HW: RRU 4480 dualband 1800/2100; MIMO4x4; Tx power 4x10W

 Only one site with DSS (Lack of inter-Site mobility)

 All tests were performed stationary in good radio conditions

36
 DSS in E// implementation: ESS vs ISS
Ericsson Spectrum Sharing (DSS)
 Frequency allocation granularity:
– 100% LTE or 50%LTE / 50%NR or 100% NR
 There are 3 fixed split ratios: 100:0, 50:50, 0:100
 Time allocation granularity: 1ms
 MIMO4x4 in DSS 2.1 GHz
– NR not supported
– LTE supported
37
Instant Spectrum Sharing (DSS)
 Frequency allocation granularity on RB or RBG level
 DL and UL PRB split ratio can be any value (not
limited to 3 fixed values as in ESS)
 Time allocation granularity: 1ms
 MIMO4x4 in DSS 2.1 GHz
– NR supported
– LTE supported
 E// DSS test results: speed test
Static test
 DL and UL throughput and latency measured by Speedtest APK
 Each test repeated 10x
 Results averaged after rejecting extreme min/max values

LTE Only LTE + DSS2100

LTE Only LTE + NR2100 (DSS)
– Avg. DL thr.: 156.2 Mbps – Avg. DL thr.: 125.4 Mbps
– Avg. UL thr.: 15.5 Mbps – Avg. UL thr.: 33.8 Mbps

 LTE+ESS: -19.7% DL throughput

 LTE+ESS: +118% UL throughput (ENDC UL 2CC Split Bearer)

38
 E// DSS test results: speed test
Static test
 DL and UL throughput and latency measured by Speedtest APK
 Each test repeated 10x
 Results averaged after rejecting extreme min/max values

LTE Only: LTE + DSS2100:

LTE Only LTE + NR2100 (DSS)
– Avg. DL thr.: 107.1 Mbps – Avg. DL thr.: 99.8 Mbps
– Avg. UL thr.: 28.6 Mbps – Avg. UL thr.: 27 Mbps

UPDATE: currently UL 2CC

split bearer available for
 LTE+ESS: -6.8% DL throughput Samsung S20 (after uprg
to the latest SW release)
 LTE+ESS: - 5.6% UL throughput
 ENDC UL 2CC Split Bearer not supported by S20 during the test

39
 ISS: Carrier aggregation
DL LTE + NR mode: DL LTE only mode: Supported LTE 4CC
Confirmed LTE 3CC + NR 1CC configuration

UL LTE + NR mode: LTE 1CC + NR 1CC UL LTE only mode: LTE 1CC

ENDC UL 2CC
Split Bearer

40
 ESS vs ISS: PDSCH configuration

Ericsson Spectrum Sharing (ESS) Instant Spectrum Sharing (ISS)

41
 DSS configuration: Idle mode
Samsung S20: LTE anchor B20 Xiaomi Mi10: LTE anchor B3, B7, B20

RRC Connection Release msg

RRC Connection Release msg

All bands configured :-)

All bands configured :-)

42
 E// ISS peak throughput
Test plan
 Tests performed at night (2-4 am) to limit the impact of
commercial traffic
 DL and UL throughput and latency measured by Speedtest APK
 Each test repeated 12x
 Results averaged after rejecting extreme min/max values
 DSS terminals
– Xiaomi Mi10 and Samsung S20
– LTE 4CC or LTE 3CC + NR 1CC
– ENDC UL 2CC Split Bearer (only Xiaomi Mi10)
 Good LTE/NR radio conditions:

43
 Peak throughput – Xiaomi Mi10

LTE Only (4CC) LTE (3CC) + NR (1CC)

Avg. DL thr. 356 Mbps 323 Mbps
LTE Only LTE + NR
Avg. UL thr. 30 Mbps 46 Mbps
Ping 18 ms 13 ms
Peak DL thr. 449 Mbps 391 Mbps
Peak UL thr. 44 Mbps 61 Mbps

 LTE+NR: -9% avg. DL throughput

 LTE+NR: +53% avg. UL throughput (ENDC UL 2CC Split Bearer)
 In the night conditions achved results very stable and reproducible
 Slight (consistent with the theory) effect of DSS activation
 Significant improvement on UL thanks UL Split Bearer introduced by NR
 Latency (ping) much better in NR (results insensitive to the network load -
comparable results for day and night)
44
 Peak throughput – Samsung S20
LTE Only (4CC) LTE (3CC) + NR (1CC)
Avg. DL thr. 326 Mbps 309 Mbps
Avg. UL thr. 36 Mbps 28 Mbps LTE Only LTE + NR
Ping 17 ms 15 ms
Peak DL thr. 355 Mbps 368 Mbps
Peak UL thr. 45 Mbps no data
UPDATE: currently UL 2CC
 LTE+NR: -5% avg. DL throughput split bearer available for
Samsung S20 (after uprg
 LTE+NR: -22% avg. UL throughput to the latest SW release)
(UL 2CC Split Bearer not supported by S20)
 In the night conditions achived results very stable and reproducible
 On UL visible negative effect of DSS activation (S20 will soon support
UL 2CC Split Bearer - the negative impact will be masked by the
benefits of the 2nd layer)
 The Samsung S20 correctly presents in the Speedtest app the 5G icon
and displays the 5G properties of the terminal
45
 Peak throughput: Ericsson vs Huawei
Xiaomi Mi 10 Samsung S20+
Check point DSS DL LTE DL DSS UL LTE UL DSS DL LTE DL DSS UL LTE UL
[Mbps] [Mbps] [Mbps] [Mbps] [Mbps] [Mbps] [Mbps] [Mbps]

Woronicza 347 433 65,4 42,8 350 366 30,3 28,3

Huawei Bakalarska 322 436 67,7 42,5 338 298 27,8 26,8

Factory Ursus 344 427 70,3 44,3 370 347 28,1 41,2

Ericsson Pułtusk Rynek 391 449 61 44 355 368 no data 45

 The comparison can only be considered roughly

(live network – not lab environment) DL thr LTE+NR: 390 Mbps
 DSS performance very similar for both Huawei
and Ericsson implementation DSS Ericsson and Xiaomi Mi10
 Carrier Aggregation in Ericsson implementation
very stable (4CC avail. always regardless live
network load) DL thr on NR layer: 86 Mbps
46
Nokia DSS

47
Field trial area

Small city (Chełmża)

Drive test details
Population: 15k
Duration: 2h40min in each mode (LTE, 5G)
4 DSS sites
Route: measured 2 times (5G,LTE,5G,LTE)
DSS on 10MHz BW in 2100MHz band
All LTE layers with MIMO 2x2

48
 BW=10Mhz, maxNrDssRatio=50%
Static test results
Ookla speed test – Xiaomi Mi10 5G

Nokia DSS - MIMO 2x2 @ all layers

Speedtest Ookla

Xiaomi Mi10
NR (max 50% resources for NR) LTE
Latency [ms] Jitter [ms] DL thr [Mbps] UL Thr [Mbps] Latency [ms] Jitter [ms] DL thr [Mbps] UL Thr [Mbps]
1 30 3 310 49.3 25 3 330 43.1
2 27 3 325 49.4 25 2 347 42.5
3 27 4 322 49 25 2 353 42.1
4 31 3 319 49.9 25 1 337 42.1
5 27 3 340 48.8 25 0 355 42.5
6 29 3 291 49.1 25 4 359 42.8
7 27 4 293 48.8 25 1 348 42.6
8 29 6 314 48.6 25 2 349 42.2
9 27 3 326 48.4 25 1 332 43
10 29 2 288 48.1 25 3 329 41.1

median 28 3 316.5 48.9 25 2 347.5 42.5

NR to LTE 12% -9% 15%

Higher latency Throughput gap to LTE approx 10% in DL.

in 5G mode. Improvement in UL due to EN-DC split bearer (+15%)
49
 BW=10Mhz, maxNrDssRatio=50%
Static test results
Ookla speed test – Samsung S20+ 5G

Nokia DSS - MIMO 2x2 @ all layers

Speedtest Ookla

Samsung S20+
NR (max 50% resources for NR) LTE
Latency [ms] Jitter [ms] DL thr [Mbps] UL Thr [Mbps] Latency [ms] Jitter [ms] DL thr [Mbps] UL Thr [Mbps]
1 23 3 312 31 23 2 298 22
2 27 1 307 32.3 23 3 322 22.2
3 29 2 307 33 23 2 306 22.5
4 24 4 295 32.6 24 2 316 22.4
5 26 3 310 33.9 24 1 303 22.1
6 28 1 294 31.2 23 4 304 22.2
7 30 2 301 33.2 23 7 310 22.3
8 25 2 303 34 23 3 297 22.3
9 24 2 287 30.4 23 4 315 22
10 25 2 288 32.1 23 4 308 22

median 25.5 2 302 32.45 23 3 307 22.2

NR to LTE 11% -2% 46%

Higher latency Throughputs on comparable level in LTE and 5G mode.

in 5G mode. Improvement in UL due to EN-DC split bearer (+46%)
50
 BW=10Mhz, maxNrDssRatio=70%
Drive test results
5G vs. LTE mode

Xiaomi 5G: -35% Xiaomi 5G: +35% Xiaomi 5G: +40%

Samsung 5G: -13% Samsung 5G: -35% Samsung 5G: +122%

Xiaomi outperforms Samsung in LTE. Lower throughput on Samsung in 5G Higher latency in NR caused by series
Minor difference on Samsung in 5G and mode due to anchoring in L800 (10Mhz of long RTTs (investigation required).
51 LTE mode. BW vs. 15Mhz)
Configuration
Features
LTE feature Funtional area
LTE4750 LTE-NR DSS With CRS Rate Matching DSS phase II with CRS matching
Inferior to Huawei’s
LTE4193 Dynamic Trigger for LTE-NR DC Option 3X (Optional) B1-NR measurements:
ENDC PCC
LTE5740 Configurable Measurement Period for B1 Periodic SgNB addition
anchoring feature (in
LTE5335 LTE-NR Dual Connectivity Option 3X enhancements) EN-DC with Inter-eNB CA Connected Mode).
LTE5411 ANR for EN-DC: Fast Neighbor Relation Addition ANR for EN-DC
LTE5150 EN-DC capability based mobility trigger Connected mode EN-DC UE steering Nokia’s feature just
LTE5501 EN-DC Aware Idle Mode Load balancing Idle Mode EN-DC UE steering enables the steering
LTE5388 VoLTE without EN-DC NR layer release during VoLTE call of an EN-DC-capable
LTE4281 Intra-eNB handover for LTE-NR DC Option 3X UE to an EN-DC-
Mobility
LTE5348 Inter-eNB handover for LTE-NR DC Option 3X enabled layer. Does
not verify UE’s
capability of
5G feature Funtional area
anchoring. In result,
5GC000572 Intra-Frequency Inter-DU en-gNB Mobility (NSA option 3x) 5G-LTE interworking
UE remains in LTE
5GC001094 Intra-Frequency Intra-DU en-gNB Mobility (NSA option 3x) 5G-LTE interworking layer even if does not
5GC000573 Intra-Frequency Inter en-gNB mobility (NSA option 3x) 5G-LTE interworking support NR addition
5GC000574 Inter-MeNB LTE HO without en-gNB change Mobility - LTE HO without SgNB release from the layer.
5GC000575 Intra-MeNB LTE HO without en-gNB change Mobility - LTE HO without SgNB release
5GC001926 Non GBR service differentiation - DRB profiles based Split bearer
5GC002177 A2 based SgNB release (5G19B) SgNB release

52
Summary
 Most of DSS terminals support restricted number of LTE layers as an anchor band  EN-DC UE directing features required.

 UEs supporting anchoring only from B20 could suffer lower performance when L800 is not co-located on every site  Inter-Site
EN-DC and LTE CA required  low latency and phase-sync backhaul required

 Some terminals degrades their MIMO4x4 or/and carrier aggregation capabilities (# of CCs) while using DSS

 Most of tested devices support uplink split bearer which improves uplink performance against LTE, whereas UL CA is not
commonly supported by UEs.

 Lower performance in 5G mode (DSS) was confirmed by testing

 DSS has no impact on VoLTE – 5G leg is deactivated when VoLTE call is started

 5G icon is displayed all the time when phone is in the coverage of DSS base station

 Inter site LTE+NR mobility optimisation could improve DSS usage and overall efficiency, especially for UEs supporting
anchoring only from B20  phase-sync backhaul required