STUDY CASES ANSWERS

Student name: Raghad Ahmed Aldathiny

ID: 437033312

Group :2

Pathophysiology nursing student third year

NOVEMBER 28, 2020

Case study
A 45-year-old man has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for the past 20
years. During the past couple of weeks, he had few meetings with many co-
workers in a construction project). A few days later he had several episodes of
respiratory distress that were diagnosed as a viral infection (positive for Covid-
19). He developed difficulties in breathing, tightness of the chest, audible,
wheezing. •

Lecture (1)]
What are the pathological conditions (From what you have studied so far)
describes the clinical findings?
Coronavirus disease, lower respiratory tract infection, fever and elevated
of WBCs counts.

Lecture (2)
What sort of cellular changes would you expect to find in this case?
1- metaplasia. 2-Hypertrophy.

Would there be any cell death? If so, what type of cell death will
you see in this case? And why?
Yes, Liquefactive necrosis. Because of accumulation of abscess.

Is there going to be any abnormal accumulation of material in the

injured tissue of the lung? If so, what type of accumulation would
you expect to see?
yes, accumulation of infection particles (neutrophils and
macrophages) because the body is fighting the virus and
accumulation of Anthracitic pigment (Exogenous pigments)
because he is a smoker.

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 Lecture (3)

Can you think what was the initial symptoms that this patient
developed?
Fever, dry cough, sore throat, chills, chest pain, fatigue.
What kind of inflammation will this man develop?
Acute inflammation but it will become chronic inflammation if he
does not stop smoking.
Can you explain the cause of the noise in this patient chest?
1. Because of tightness, blockage and inflammation of
airway.
2. Mucus secretion.
Why does he have difficulty breathing?
Because of accumulation of pus the WBCs release it when they
fight the viral infection.
What do you expect the inflammation outcome of this?
patient case?
1-If its acute inflammation the tissue will returns to normal ->
injury is short, lack of major tissue destruction, tissue is capable of
regeneration.
2-If its chronic inflammation scarring tissue formation will happen,
DNA damage, and tissue death.

Lecture (4)

Is there any sign of acute inflammation? If yes, what are the

expected
symptoms at the vascular and cellular levels?... Justify your answer
yes, vasoconstriction of the arterioles followed by vasodilatation
to help the leukocytes to migrate to the inflammation site.
Cell site become: hot, red and swell.

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 Is there any sign of chronic inflammation? If yes, what are the
expected
symptoms at the vascular and cellular levels?... Justify your answer
yes, enlarged and hyperpermeable, and it sustains the
accumulation of fluid (edema) and cells. tissue destruction occurs
faster than cellular regeneration, causing pathological fibrosis
Eventually, the tissue's function will be reduced or even lost.
Lecture (5)
What do you expect that the consequence of this case on the
process of tissue repair?
Fibrosis tissue and scar formation.

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