100 Design of Machine Elements Snax = 04 + 0 = 229928 x 10" ox = O4 +0, > The maximum permisst 0 ~37.891~ 36739.24=0 ‘The cubic equation is solved by trial and error. Ths, 233.65 mar= 35mm ‘The dimasions of the cross-section are 35 «70 mm 19 ‘The shaft of an overhang crank Fig. 4.25 (a). The shaft is made of plain Fig. 4.25 (») Design against Static Load 101 Mig. 425 b and e yield strength is 380 Nimm?, The factor of safe Determine the diameter of ‘the shaft using the maximum-shear-stress th shearsiress theory {E4.(4.36)] Sp= 05 $5 =05(380) = 190 Nim? ‘The penmssble shear stress «willbe Sy _ 190 2 Bn 95 Nin ® ‘The stresses are critical at point A, which is subjected 1o a combined bending and torsional moment ‘My » P x (250) » (1000)(250) = 250 x 10° N-mm102 Design of Machine Elements ‘M; = Px (500) = (1000)(500) = $00 « 10° Nemm 10%(a2) _ 254648 210° = EO Nn 0 tesa pont A andthe coresponding Mohr's ice ae shown in Fig. 4.25 () and (0, nthe figure, y= p= 254648 10" nt ea o=0 2546.48 x10? Nien From Mote’s circle, we VE) var VEST PSS ]x0 2847.05 x 10° aaaataie Oy and tetestae Bquating (i) and (i), 284705 «10° _ 4 @ d=31.06mm (4-70 |The dimensions of an overhang crank are given in Fig. 4.26. The acting at the crank pin is i kN. The crank is made of ste! 30CS © 400 Nim?) and the factor of safety is 2. Using the maximum-shearstrece theory of failure, determine the diameter dat section XX. ‘Solution According to the maximum shear-stress theory, Sy 0.55, 0:5(400) = 200 Nimm? ‘The permissible shear stress is given by 5 £052 cont 6 Design against Static Load 103 Fig. 428 Overhang crank The section of the crank pin at XX is subjected to combined bending and torsional moments. At section XX, 17825410" ig? a (500% 10°)(d2) | 2546.48 10" yg? (nd"752) a ‘The problem is similar to the previous one and the maximum shear sess is given by V (28) 5c? Tou" (? i) ae lear104 Design of Machine Elements, 2979510 ing ® basting 20. 2697.95 x 10° 109 = 22775510? « 4-299 0 90 a 413. STRESSES IN CURVED BEAMS Z A curve beam is defined a a beam ia which the neural axis Inte unloaded ‘condition is curved instead of straight. The following assumptions arc made in the stress analysis of curved beam ‘axis of the beam remain plane afer ‘The moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are equal. ‘The material is homogeneous and obeys Hooke’s law. “The distribution of stresses in a curved beam is shown in Fig, 4.27. There are two factors which distinguish the stress distributions in straight and curved beams, The nd centro Of the curved beam are not coincident and the nestral towards the centre of curvature. The the distance from the neu curved beams, the stress distribution is ‘notations are used in Fig. 4.27 Fig. 427 Stresses In curved beam (C:A. = Cortroidal axis; NA. = Neural exis) R= radius of the outer fibre (mm) Rr radius ofthe inner fire (mm) Design against Static Load 105 distance of the inner fibre from the neutral axis (mr) distance of the ‘The eccentricity e between centroidal and neviral axes is given by en R-Ry (444) The bending stress 0, ata fibre which is at a distance of y from the neutral axis is siven by (443) ‘The equation indicat with respect to y. The maximum stress occurs ¢i (446) 47) In symmetrical cross-sections, such as the circle or rectangle, the maximum bending stress always fibre, In unsymmetrical sections, itis ‘bres to determine the magnitude of eis very percentage error in the ly used cross-sections of curved beams Fora circular cross-section [Fig, 4.28 0)). hyn RE 4 4 and RaRe$ For a trapezoidal cross-section (Fig. 4.28 (€)}