Professional Documents
Culture Documents
to.
&
MELODIC ORGANIZATION IN FOUR
THESIS
MASTER OF MUSIC
By
Denton, Texas
August, 1989
Cogswell, Michael B., Melodic Organization in Four
titles.
and development.
discography.
Copyright by
Michael B. Cogswell
1989
PREFACE
Ornette Coleman.
Jacket notes for Change of the
Century.1
1Ornette
Coleman. Jacket notes for Change of the
Century (Atlantic 1327, 1959).
iv
for theoretical speculation (so that Coleman's music may be
V
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Chapter
I. INTRODUCTION ............................... 1
vi
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ANNOTATIONS .............. 134
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
viii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Coleman solo.
of Coleman.
showpiece.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH'
was working with local *rhythm & blues bands in the gambling
after Big Jay McNeely, Louis Jordan, Arnett Cobb, and Gene
Ammons.
5
6
Although Coleman's professional work at this time was
recalls that:
the south and southwest with various rhythm & blues bands
1950s, and supported his wife and himself with various day
isolation.
Eventually several younger musicians recognized the
lucky break for which Ornette had been waiting. His two
Contemporary recordings brought his work to the attention of
10
I., 3 1
V. " ,, - - -- - 11 "1 . I - W 11.- Mljl
11
"roadmap.
"
approach:
"Jost, Fee Jazz, 50. Jost borrows this term from the
vocabulary of experimental psychology.
13
melodic motives. The term "sequence" is frequently used
these terms:
creates two phrases that begin with the same motive but end
two phrases for which the ending of the first phrase and the
ftwbggw"
15
bebop and rhythm & blues, and thereby display his deep roots
altogether ambiguous.
6MartinWilliams,
Jacket notes for Ornette Coleman.
The Shape of Jazz to Come (Atlantic 1317, 1959).
7
Ornette Coleman, Something Else!!!! The Music of
Ornette Coleman (Contemporary C-3551, 1958).
8Ornette
Coleman, Dancing in Your Head (A & M SP-722,
1975).
17
"FIELD HOLLER."
dlw
19
his compositions.12
called "harmolodics."
the early 1970s, 1 over .ten years after his thrust into
21
22
published.3
concept as follows:
ll
-7 AR"aftwum mwo
23
Time recording and not to his other works is inaccurate.
the jazz public until the early 1980s, coinciding with the
an example:
harmolodic theory:
7
Ibid.
8Ibid.
25
keys at once."
melody.
epigrammic.
The key to the harmolodic theory lies in Coleman's
m'"ll" 1.
29
their own vision, and there are as many unisons as
there are stars in the sky. 14
performance.
in the thesis.
32
RobvWWWWA
33
This line is therefore displayed entirely out of context;
displacement.
ensemble.
The measures resulting from these dotted bar lines may not
measure.
-- - -- A%6 -, -, - . I
, " , , . ''.- 71 1 I- I- ll-..", 1, - II - ., I , J,,, -
-
CHAPTER 6
work of art.
36
37
blues assumes augmented statements of twenty-one measures
that:
PWmw^pwwQpw*"~ assimm
39
tonalities not according to classic twelve-bar blues form
the flat third and use of the natural third and frequently
bebop, the flat third is stated usually over the IV7 chord
Motive R2
.
Phrase B: 5 beats
3 beats rest
Phrase D: 4 beats
2 beats rest
Phrase E: 9 beats
1/2 beat rest
a *Avf -ma -1 - .
-
43
Rhythm Sequence
Pitch Sequence
7-
-
44
Contour Sequence
Repetition
device. This solo, perhaps more than any of the other solos
succeeding motive.
Large-Scale Form
46
47
copy it. The solo instead follows an ABA' form. Within the
Modality
in Figure 2.
TT TT TT TT TT
A B A
m.1-20 m.21-28 m.29-39
a major third).
Contour Sequence
contour.
Pitch Sequence
measures 16-20.
Repetition
of the solo.
almost verbatim (m. 12) to begin the passage that closes the
section.
discussed above.
Rhythmic Sequence
15).
D-sharp. The A' section closes with the solo's most obvious
Step Progression
55
56
on the saxophone.
Pitch Sequence
lower register.
Ndwaaal
59
Contour Sequence
motive (m. 10) and the final motive (m. 12) are stated in
terraced descent.
39-40) and the second group of three pitches (m. 40) share a
Repetition
61
dovetailing.
first three notes of the group of four eighth notes (m. 42)
43-45).
Harmonic Implication
of its brevity, has been for almost thirty years the most
the key of the alto saxophone) but that the solo contains
mdailammiffm
64
Motivic Material
117-118.
66
67
68
implication.
-AwftANNIM6,
69
(m. 97-98) and extends into new melodic material (m. 98-103)
Pitch Sequence
development.
F49ow,
70
Alternation of Register
which has a static lower line. The upper line is: F-sharp,
E, F-sharp, E; and the lower line is: G, G, G. The melodic
,,AUW -- - mmawammm
71
STEP PROGRESSION
I
EFI E
M2 12 M2
STATEMENTS OF M 2
E F# E
G G G
alternation of register.
4.
Contour Sequence
19 w W.,Wqvwlq ka WONOWAOM
74
highest (Eb)
.
A
76
Within the solo Coleman does not abandon the modality of the
(m. 6-7) uses material from the D blues scale. That Coleman
m
77
measures 13, 21, 40-44, 66-67, 68-69, 89, 91-92, 94-100, and
Motivic Material
Chromatic Measures.
= D Modality Measures.
like this one that Gunther Schuller was commenting upon when
fingers' as by ear." 9
AMj$wjww, -Omw ;
-
CHAPTER 11
CONCLUDING REMARKS
in jazz history.
83
84
WMAMMMWAWW" wowomMOWWOM
85
limitations.
his own inner world, which changes from day to day and
heritage.
first time in jazz history one did not have to wait for
7
Gunther Schuller, Early Jazz, x.
89
MWAPA"
90
academe.
In order to transcribe and analyze Coleman's solos,
our leading research libraries today hold not only one, but
92
it 4dA R2 R2
PHRASE A
PITCH SEQUENCE
RHYTHM SEQUENCE BASED ON R1
R2
Ri
PW I
* 4w * MaiE
PHRASE B .PHRASE C
inmm-irn
4 J6
are W,
I A
PHRASE C PHRASE D PHRASE E
PITCH SEQUENCE
SCALE IN THIRDS
U~lo s
AA, -A&
IP pt", - I 140p,
'17 9
-d pp,An N F7
PW -
I
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CONTOUR SEQUENCE
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CONTOUR SEQUENCE
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RHYTHM SEQUENCE
R2
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4
1~~IA EW F mr K I F IIIf I VLI AM
r9 -9 12
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TONIC
TRIAD
FLAT 6
R2 XT TOP
m A **---------"
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Monona 0
50
52
R2
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IF________
96
ANTECEDENT-CONSEQUENT
RHYTHM + CONTOUR SEQUENCE
dW MW 4M
I
mppa m -- - -- --- a
i
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171 31 NCTI
R2 R2
R2
ONIC TRIAD
RHYTHM SEQUENCE OF R3
_6FT01Trf
R2 TONIC
TRIAD
4I IICITIA_
97
RHYTHM SEQUENCE
CONTOUR SEQUENCE
rp, YIt
A*C Eor
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FLAT 6 AT TOP
pprn
v 54 jleip
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TRIAD R2 R2
TONIC TRIAD
,*" 01*'.,
4- 4. 0-
RHYTHM SEQUENCE OF R
1, W - I IA& 1
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(4 4 (o
98
RHYTHM SEQUENCE OF R
3
I
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p 1 Wr - - . - ~ a Im. f
-
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'rn-mr-/
4LTJL#I ('S
PITCH REPETITION
RHYTHM SEQUENCE OF R
3
SRum~r
S
m Iwo~
t 4 t 4 sole As , kjo f
6ILi I L
I
fol WT U W7
~ S 5
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RHYTHM SEQUENCE
TONIC TRIAD
I ^-k - A& f a f 11
AV
PUT
q3 14
CADENCE ON TONIC
RHYTHM SEQUENCE
I I
AM I
AI I
,
An An "IPI
741 17
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99
RHYTHM SEQUENCE OF R3
CONTOUR LIKE M. 90-92
mmf4
map bqI I
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---
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RHYTHM SEQUENCE OF R
3
~__-MON4
IPA F
mod
0?t 64
FLAT 6 AT TOP
ON
ml
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68
R2
RHYTHM SEQUENCE OF R2_ TONIC
1 1SHUFE
BLUES" MOTIVE TRIAD
4
U,
IF-
99 19 I .9
9
100
AW A I Lt4
q4 9
CONTOUR SEQUENCE
qq
V
"FIELD HOLLER"
TRIADIC CEILING PITCHES
I
44 AOOAOI* M# 00000 . 4
A . A I -x f, - rfor I w I w
4 06) 1 LA I I i - r% I A lmmmwmw 0 iI
PPF
F F Lf- A-1 I - I I P- - 4k
I L 7 rw I IAW " Cj
pr 9-
104
SOLO ENDS ON
CONTOUR SEQUENCE SCALER DOMINANT
dw 411b - -- --- 1
,(ojo6)
*1
6
&
I
f 17 --
I ;,<. , I i v
i7 108
APPENDIX B
101
102
CCNTOUR SEQUENCE
-I-- --
FL~
-
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A I - IL 1?
pt. AM
00' ZIP
ZZ
AW
WP' Lm
TONIC TRIAD
Mi
CONTOUR SEQUENCE
1
0 0 i
11 MEOW 0 4b 0
jzz~z~ rmtin
'o N4 *106
rx I
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REPETITION
9"uiu~n~nL~
400
t t. j~h
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,
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1 ~ .ilow
F I to
103
III
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PFF
I F
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F# PENTATONIC
IRD%
T
HIGHEST
PITCH IN
SOLO
a
A- I
A T '
M2
REPETITION
Mmm
j #.
RHYTHM
-I
&
Mj REPETITIONOF MOTIVE BLUES
M2
QUOTATION
RHYTHM SEQUENCE
0m
% - -- .--- -I
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I I r II Erd
F-
to I? pd
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CONTOUR
SEQUENCE
M2
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TONIC TRIAD - - -
I I
i.dK .~ d
mil wL I IWw w a Am P
1
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104
opt a
g
REPETITION
ASO
I-~rv7
4~L
w e~i yr u M.~m77ilIm
- 2' ..L.L P"~I
.A
I4F
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V, 2* I I
,
4'-I \ F~mlHm iI mi n n
l.m.imI.m,. I I
*
I vo FH-
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ok4 1
w r M a UA-
. k~, ~iU*tr A I
4; F ' r[ L.
fi 1 I "V 1XJFVF t F- 1I7 IL V 1.1
I I
30 #3
PITCH SEQUENCE
-----Room
-=
MN
a.. N.'
mo R(
Aoll
0-- m
4,;p
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m-
pp I I Er I m 1K pU aT
F Ij I 4 1I-
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I
M 3:
II 1 9
PREPARATION...
HIGHEST 105
PITCH
PITCH SEQUENCE IN SOLO
AF
FmLminm\ I
- m W - aN
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I
ri ,'000 446
W-t
=wm4
DOMINANT
'k
W r
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1100
Jr.11
Alm a
4
pro I IWIIr
TERMINAL PITCH IS
THE SCALER DOMINANT
APPENDIX C
106
107
STEP PROGRESSION
- - -
40
L
I r
'o 0 'm4* A.
a& toN44 jooo
47
sop
IS _- Mono
CONTOUR SEQUENCE
STEP PROGRESSION
Illilillilliilliilliil
y
oo
V fw w d-%_ffff'__ lie -,-AN
Ar # I -A- 14 MdOoF -A
I * I I on I I
92
CP
to 7
I
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aA1 I
= iw
&
I
On A W- 9 4%'A A
w I I W, F 2F A *a I K AF AF F dft EW rl
I I-W rp,
An
I
a
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42" V mw 9m
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OF Awl - W MF - a v w ga mwwlmmoor - I
r- I I IF I. I .- I m dm
I
million40 A-
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U04 ag I & A
MINN"
9
OOP
9i 10
108
CONTOUR SEQUENCE
00*
p I /' L- - ---- -A rk A (A -- , A a 40 d
I I 1w LotrA~I <[
I k 148
I - Ll4, LA 1 11 k-aIA
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14 1
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10
40f w r
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I4
PITCH SEQUENCE
A M4
I
L F I F' FA 11 F
-r I1 rI r, I I
I~ I I - A 1-- -7- P
%q TRIAD- 6ON -D--INT
Iq IoTRIAD ON DOMINANT
IOa9
PITCH SEQUENCE
,* 09
i
A A 10 ooo's I
IL
47 A
xlw
6P-T
TRIAD ON TONIC
INCOMPLETE TRIAD
A d B~i #*ulJ"
I~~~~~' TAl 1 '~I I I I
21 -i
706 R
REPETITION
unisme"""s"st"i"milm
LA As
Am tA As
11 1 [A ow OV I
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51
R0
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CHROMATIC
110
AM #a 110 A
1 A
41
opw- qq;;;z
CHROMATIC
.
I
J Aw.l IL I I . 'a 6MI6 t kL t t
I II
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3(p R
O)l 36
Ri
ifa fI a I I _____________
.
UF 11 [A P IW dk I I
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JVF PC f 41 1 1 rl 1 0 v tw 'a
it A- I I if I -- I FNPI
19 1 t .6
3R 40 41
Ri
REPETITION : DOVETAILING
I
r - ---
L:m- - I
CONTOUR SEQUENCE
.As -n
-
Irw 0 ;F
4q AV 4.2 j4A At
-"R%
111
a a I .dU d' v 1A . d
4-P449 p
"FIELD HOLLER"
A it I 4 1
112
16 1
.
1-1 " r II I&-
"FIELD HOLLER"
bO G3
STEP
PROGRESSION
( ~9
"(~
1
___
__As__1___ f
rl
Fr-- - A
"4
STEP m
,PROGRESSION
1
I FAI I Ai Iit 0 .- AI Z
/*I &a v
MAJOR 3RD PERFECT 5TH
113
Mo..
,OF-qw - --
AS A Aft
70
STEP PROGRESSION
. l.om
#IM P
f ov
011e
G MAJOR TRIAD
6edp
M&
00wk T 1 0 v &,.- A - T, *A
I rw r 6f F
in I
7oA
4
4t I v i
A an elk
F s 1 11 IF-
RHYTHM SEQUENCE
PITCH SEQUENCE OF THREE PHRASES CONTOUR SEQUENCE
0 0 MM v
mb %40
r
PI I , I I I
F- o
off
G MAJOR TRIAD
11.4
RHYTHM SEQUENCE & CONTOUR SEQUENCE
0 0*^
'WI
w AS
~STEP PROGRESSION
-to
I M
Il USTEP PROGRESION. L ~~ I
REPETITION OF
-
STEP PROGRESSION
9
I
STEP PROGRESSION
- ..
.
F -
_ -'-
PF I
109
v.I
SCALE IN THIRDS
115
PITCH SEQUENCE (IN DIMINUTION)
liimom
MAJOR TRIAD
G MAJOR TRIAD
PITCH SEQUENCE
I00 101
1010 104
116
aw
Ito .&
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U4' Am
IV>
9A ce
PITCH
SEQUENCE
104
r" -moo
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#
pw fp" I
wit
AM moommommommm dd=
PITCH
SEQUENCE "FIELD HOLLER"
illA-W-
jd T
1. At Lpty.
FW4
p 10 III
CONTOUR
SEQUENCE
STEP
PROGRESSION
M4
+W Ark &
#
f
mw IWP- Am f
PF I --df AN 1"Wryupw
iv
do
IL
I Ile
113
117
CONTOUR SEQUENCE
Amomw
/,000
AMW
Floir
mm4
"14 I if "40
a 0*4
"FIELD HOLLER"
T jTI a,
*
1 -~ a~ a
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"FIELD HOLLER"
I 111
A S
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m a L
IF- W A UM LT I -I
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I
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OCTAVETRANweSFER-EmCmm I
OCTAVE TRANSFERENCE
Iz-~ I"4; a
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AS
Vol
I I - I---
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130 151 I IF
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119
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CHROMATIC
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ARPEGGIATION A MINOR 7th TO D
120
CHROMATIC LOWER NEIGHBOR
STATED THREE TIMES, THEN ASCENT
I f I Aw I
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G MAJOR SCALE
ri
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I IV IF AF L A fw I Ad
a W- A AP
PITCH SEQUENCE
w I lfp
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APPENDIX D
121
122
_______AA ##*W,
I I hI A tF I ijI
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REPETITION W/
DIFFERENT ENDING
't t .&b
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&
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I t - x -o A#L I I*
M4
REPETITION
1 PITCH
1 SEQUENCE
REPETITION
123
PITCH SEQUENCE
SCALE IN THIRDS
a iL
16
grU
OPP'
or,
lomm id amp-
p
I
-- 1 2p j 13
CHROMATIC
/ M2
OCTAVE TRANSFERENCE
2
STEP PROGRESSION
SCALE IN THIRDS
om IB
low
I AFTI P I PT I 'I-011 F
C# DIM. 7TH - - - a
D MAJOR D MAJOR
, .00
PPF
-90-
jiI i11
D MAJOR
"CONFIRMATION"
E MINOR QUOTE
CHROMATIC
TO A
I A
p"Ift. I I - I f- I f 0 F f,
I i I w AM IA - F I
Ima I Ab -F I I . I
I to i V
ic
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BLUE S SCAL E ~' i'
124
"CONFIRMATION"
QUOTE-
A M& A
AT fig Ao
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a 4k
AV -1 yo.?
A MAJOR
BLUES SCALE IN D
I I
%Z
A 6 &-
"
IV - I I ~A * II FA w~
D MAJOR
ALTERNATE REGISTER
STEP PROGRESSION
I
r PITCHtSEQUENCE OF
AV ~
ALTERNATE REGISTER 125
PITCH SEQUENCE OF M2
1.0 %.
IWO IO
KO ONOF
I A I
31? dw
Of
PITCH SEQUENCE OF M3
ALTERNATE REGISTER
OCTAVE TRANSFERENCE 4 4
M3
M3 M3
I fS
PITCH SEQUENCE OF M3
ALTERNATE REGISTER
OCTAVE TRANSFERENCE
M3 M3 M3 M3 M3
.41, 43
PITCH SEQUENCE OF M3
ALTERNATE REGISTER
OCTAVE TRANSFERENCE
I
m M3
u-I
,t1
F 7 ~ f $ ~ I9a'1r'
44
126
OWENS M5B
Af
D MAJORE--INTRD
goo
a d
40 41?
PITCH
SEQUENCE (PHRASE 1) F - -. --
---- --- wom"m
I mAm
I -~
I A W R'wr g
I z
IrS
(PHRASE 2)
I
I I
S5
54 sr'
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CONTOUR SEQUENCE OF THREE PHRASES 127
PHRASEE)
4
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Tw I' Arr
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1 0 IM
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--- A
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I .1 CHROMATIC
I
ARPEGGIATION ACROSS
TWO OCTAVES
SCALE IN THIRDS wq
I
st,
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M2 CADENCE ON
TONIC
PITCH SEQUENCE OF M2
RHYTHM SEQUENCE
I
M2 M2
4w t 4
CADENCE ON TONIC
CONTOUR SEQUENCE
PITCH SEQUENCE OF M2
M 2 VARIANT
CHROMATIC
M 2 VARIANT C
(07
CONTOUR SEQUENCE 128,
&&do
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APPENDIX E
131
132
OMA
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ANNOTATIONS
Biographical Information
134
135
0
139
Williams, Martin and George Russell. "Ornette Coleman and
Tonality," Jazz Review III (June 1960), 7-10.
A transcription of a conversation between jazz
scholar Williams and composer and theorist Russell.
At the time of this conversation, Coleman was newly
discovered and his musical approach was controversial.
140
141
A w4w I WOMANow-
SELECTED DISCOGRAPHY WITH ANNOTATIONS
available.
142
143
Tomorrow is the Question! : The New Music of Ornette
Coleman. Contemporary 3569, 1959.
The instrumentation on this album is the prototype
for many of Coleman's later recordings: alto
saxophone, trumpet, bass, and drums. Although the
choice of instrumentation circumvents the obstacle of
using a chordal instrument within Coleman's style, the
performance is somewhat hindered by a rhythm section
that is too imbedded in bebop.
blues bands.
Town Hall, 1962. ESP 1006, 196:2.
Coleman's last recording before a self-imposed
retirement that lasted for almost three years.
Includes a through-composed string quartet entitled
"Dedication to Poets and Writers."
.
Personnel: Coleman (alto saxophone, trumpet,
violin); Dewey Redman (tenor saxophone); Jimmy Garrison
(bass) and Elvin Jones (drums). Garrison and Jones,
best known for their work with John Coltrane, create an
accompaniment that, although equally free in approach,
significantly differs from Coleman's previous rhythm
sections.
Love Call. Blue Note 84356, 1968.
Same personnel as New York is Now!.
Anthologies
Video Recordings