231

4.12 – EXERCÍCIOS – pg. 138

Nos exercícios de 1 à 22 encontrar a derivada das funções dadas. A seguir, comparar

os resultados encontrados com os resultados obtidos a partir do uso de um software
algébrico.

1- f (r ) = πr 2

f ′(r ) = 2πr

2- f ( x) = 3 x 2 + 6 x − 10

f ′( x) = 6 x + 6

3- f ( w) = aw2 + b

f ′( w) = 2aw

1 −3
4- f ( x) = 14 − x
2

3 −4
f ′( x) = x
2

5- f ( x) = (2 x + 1) (3 x 2 + 6)

f ′ ( x ) = ( 2 x + 1) . 6 x + ( 3 x 2 + 6 ). 2
= 12 x 2 + 6 x + 6 x 2 + 12
= 18 x 2 + 6 x + 12

6- f ( x) = (7 x − 1) ( x + 4)

f ′( x) = (7 x − 1).1 + ( x + 4).7
= 7 x − 1 + 7 x + 28
= 14 x + 27

7- f ( x) = (3 x 5 − 1) (2 − x 4 )
 232

f ′( x) = (3 x 5 − 1) (−4 x 3 ) + (2 − x 4 ) . 15 x 4
= −12 x8 + 4 x 3 + 30 x 4 − 15 x8
= −27 x8 + 30 x 4 + 4 x 3

4
8- f ( x) = (5 x − 3) −1 (5 x + 3)
6

4 (5 x + 3)
f ( x) =
6 (5 x − 3)

4 (5 x − 3) . 5 − (5 x + 3) . 5
f ′( x) =
6 (5 x − 3) 2
4 25 x − 15 − 25 x − 15
=
6 (5 x − 3) 2
4 − 30 − 20
= 2
=
6 (5 x − 3) (5 x − 3) 2

9- f ( x) = ( x − 1) ( x + 1)

f ′( x) = ( x − 1).1 + ( x + 1).1
= x −1+ x +1
= 2x

10- f ( s ) = ( s 2 − 1) (3s − 1) (5s 3 + 2 s )

[ ]
f ′( s ) = ( s 2 − 1) (3s − 1) (15s 2 + 2) + (5s 3 + 2 s )3 + (3s − 1) (5s 3 + 2 s )2 s
= ( s 2 − 1) (3s − 1) (15s 2 + 2) + 3( s 2 − 1) (5s 3 + 2 s ) + 2 s (3s − 1) (5s 3 + 2 s )

11- f ( x) = 7(ax 2 + bx + c)

f ′( x) = 7(2ax + b)

12- f (u ) = (4u 2 − a ) (a − 2u )

f ′(u ) = (4u 2 − a) (− 2 ) + (a − 2u )8u

= −8u 2 + 2a + 8au − 16u 2
= −24u 2 + 8au + 2a
 233

2x + 4
13- f ( x) =
3x − 1

(3 x − 1).2 − (2 x + 4).3
f ′( x) =
(3 x − 1) 2
6 x − 2 − 6 x − 12
=
(3 x − 1) 2
− 14
=
(3 x − 1) 2

t −1
14- f (t ) =
t +1

(t + 1).1 − (t − 1).1
f ′(t ) =
(t + 1) 2
t +1− t +1 2
= 2
=
(t + 1) (t + 1) 2

3t 2 + 5t − 1
15. f (t ) =
t −1

(t − 1) (6t + 5) − (3t 2 + 5t − 1).1

f ′(t ) =
(t − 1) 2
3t 2 − 6t − 4
=
(t − 1) 2

2 − t2
16- f (t ) =
t−2

(t − 2) (−2t ) − (2 − t 2 ).1
f ′(t ) =
(t − 2) 2
− 2t 2 + 4t − 2 + t 2
=
(t − 2) 2
− t 2 + 4t − 2
=
(t − 2) 2
− t 2 + 4t − 2
= 2
t − 4t + 4
 234

4− x
17- f ( x) =
5 − x2

(5 − x 2 ) (−1) − (4 − x) (−2 x)
f ′( x) =
(5 − x 2 ) 2
− 5 + x2 + 8x − 2 x2
=
(5 − x 2 ) 2
− x 2 + 8x − 5
=
(5 − x 2 ) 2

5x + 7
18- f ( x) =
2x − 2

(2 x − 2).5 − (5 x + 7).2
f ′( x) =
( 2 x − 2) 2
10 x − 10 − 10 x − 14
=
( 2 x − 2) 2
− 24
=
( 2 x − 2) 2

 x −1  2
19- f ( x) =   (3 x + 6 x )
x+2

 x +1  2 ( x + 2).1 − ( x + 1).1
f ′( x) =   (6 x + 6) + (3 x + 6 x)
 x + 2 ( x + 2) 2
x +1 x + 2 − x −1
= .(6 x + 6) + (3 x 2 + 6 x)
x+2 ( x + 2) 2
( x + 1) (6 x + 6) 3 x 2 + 6 x
= +
x+2 ( x + 2) 2
( x + 2)( x + 1)(6 x + 6) + 3 x 2 + 6 x
=
( x + 2) 2
6 x 3 + 24 x 2 + 30 x + 12 + 3 x 2 + 6 x
=
( x + 2) 2
6 x 3 + 27 x 2 + 36 x + 12
=
( x + 2) 2

(t − a ) 2
20- f (t ) =
t −b
 235

t 2 − 2at + a 2
f ′(t ) =
t −b
(t − b) (2t − 2a) − (t 2 − 2at + a 2 )
=
(t − b) 2
2t 2 − 2at − 2bt + 2ab − t 2 + 2at − a 2
=
(t − b) 2
t 2 − 2bt − a 2 + 2ab
=
(t − b) 2

3 5
21- f ( x) = 4
+ 5
x x

− 3.4 x 3 − 5.5 x 4
f ′( x) = +
x8 x10
− 12 25
= 5 − 6
x x

1 4 2
22- f ( x) = x + 6
2 x

1 3 − 2.6 x 5
f ′( x) = 4x +
2 x12
12
= 2 x3 − 7
x

23- Seja p ( x) = ( x − a ) ( x − b), sendo a e b constantes. Mostrar que, se a ≠ b, então

p (a ) = p (b) = 0 mas p′(a ) ≠ 0 e p′(b) ≠ 0.

p (a ) = (a − a ) (a − b) = 0

p (b) = (b − a ) (b − b) = 0

p′( x) = ( x − a ).1 + ( x − b).1

= x−a+ x−b
= 2x − a − b

p′(a ) = 2.a − a − b = a − b ≠ 0 p/a ≠ b

p′(b) = 2.b − a − b = b − a ≠ 0 p / a ≠ b.
 236

24- Dadas as funções f ( x) = x 2 + Ax e g ( x) = Bx , determinar A e B de tal forma que

 f ′( x) + g ′( x) = 1 + 2 x
 2
 f ( x) − g ( x) = x
Temos,
f ′( x) = 2 x + A

g ′( x) = B

 f ′( x) + g ′( x) = 2 x + A + B = 1 + 2 x
 2 2
 f ( x) − g ( x) = x + Ax − Bx = x

A+ B =1
A + B = 1 A− B = 0 1
 ⇒ ⇒ b=
A − B = 0 1 2
2 A = 1∴ A =
2

25- Dada a função f (t ) = 3t 3 − 4t + 1, encontrar f (0) − tf ′(0)

f ′(t ) = 9t 2 − 4
f ′(0) = −4
f ( 0) = 1

f (0) − t f ′(0) = 1 − t (−4)

= 4t + 1

2x + 1
26-
Encontrar a equação da reta tangente à curva y= no ponto de abscissa
3x − 4
x = −1. Usando uma ferramenta gráfica, esboçar o gráfico da função e da reta
tangente.

2x + 1
y=
3x − 4

(3x − 4)2 − (2 x + 1)3

y′ =
(3x − 4) 2
6x − 8 − 6 x − 3
=
(3x − 4) 2
−11
=
(3x − 4) 2
 237

− 11 − 11
m (−1) = 2
=
( − 3 − 4) 49
− 2 + 1 −1 1
x = −1 ⇒ y = = =
−3− 4 − 7 7

1 − 11
y− = ( x + 1)
7 49
49 y − 7 = −11x − 11
11x + 49 y + 4 = 0
f (x)

x
-2 -1 1 2

-1

-2

-3

27- Encontrar a equação da reta normal a curva y = (3 x 2 − 4 x) 2 no ponto de abscissa

x = 2.

y = (3 x 2 − 4 x) 2 = 9 x 4 − 24 x 3 + 16 x 2

y′ = 36 x 3 − 72 x 2 + 32 x

m(2) = 36.2 3 − 72.2 2 + 32.2

= 64

1
mn = −
64

p / x = 2 ⇒ y = (3.2 2 − 4.2) 2 = 16
Equação da reta normal:
 238

1
y − 16 = − ( x − 2)
64
x + 64 y − 1026 = 0

x −1
28-
Encontrar as equações das retas tangentes à curva y= que sejam paralelas a
x +1
reta y = x. Usando uma ferramenta gráfica, esboçar o gráfico da curva, da reta data e
das tangentes encontradas.

x −1
y=
x +1

( x + 1).1 − ( x − 1).1
y′ =
( x + 1) 2
x +1− x +1 2
= 2
=
( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2

mt = 1

2
m( x ) = =1
( x + 1) 2
( x + 1) 2 = 2
x 2 + 2x + 1 − 2 = 0
x2 + 2x −1 = 0

 x = −1 + 2

 x = −1 − 2

−1+ 2 −1 − 2 + 2
p / x = −1 + 2 ⇒ y= = = − 2 +1
−1+ 2 +1 2
−1− 2 −1 − 2 − 2 2 + 2 2
p / x = −1 − 2 ⇒ y= = = = +1 = 2 +1
−1− 2 +1 − 2 2 2
y − (− 2 + 1) = 1( x + 1 − 2 )
x− y+2−2 2 = 0

Para a segunda reta temos:

y − ( 2 + 1) = 1( x + 1 + 2 )
 239

x − y + 2 + 2 2 = 0.
f (x)

x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2

-1

-2

-3

1 3 3 2
29-
Em que pontos o gráfico da função y= x + x + 2 x tem tangente horizontal?
3 2
Esboçar o gráfico e analisar o resultado obtido.

1 3
y′ = 3x 2 − 2 x + 2 = x 2 − 3x + 2
3 2
2
y′ = x − 3x + 2 = 0

x1 = 2
x2 = 1

 2  5
Pontos  2,  1, 
 3  6
 240

f (x)

x
-2 -1 1 2 3

-1

-2

30- Seja y = ax 2 + bx. Encontrar os valores de a e b, sabendo que a tangente à curva no

ponto (1,5) tem inclinação m = 8.

y′ = 2ax + b

m (1) = 2a + b = 8

 f (1) = a + b = 5

2 a + b = 8

 − a − b = −5 ⇒ b = 5 − a
a=3
b =5−3
b=2