423

5.14 – EXERCÍCIO – pg. 232

Determinar os seguintes limites com auxílio das regras de L´Hospital.

x2 − 4x + 4 2x − 4 0
1- lim 2 = lim = =0.
x→2 x − x − 2 x→2 2x − 1 3
x2 −1 2x −2
2- lim 2
= lim = = −1 .
x → −1 x + 4 x + 3 x → −1 2 x + 4 − 2 + 4
x 2 + 6x 2x + 6 6
3- lim 3 2
= lim 2 = .
x →0 x + 7 x + 5x x →0 3 x + 14 x + 5 5
1
2 4
+1
2x + x −1 4x +1 2 2 +1 3
4- lim1 2 = lim1 = = = =∞.
x→ 2 4 x − 4 x + 1 x→ 2 8 x − 4 1 4 − 4 0
8 −4
2
6 − 2 x + 3x 2 − x3 − 2 + 6 x − 3 x 2 − 11
5- lim = lim = .
x →3 x 4 − 3x3 − x + 3 x →3 4 x 3 − 9 x 2 − 1 26
x +1 1 1 1
6- lim 4 3 2
= lim 3 2
= =− .
x → −1 2 x + 2 x + 3x + 2 x − 1 x → − 1 8x + 6 x + 6 x + 2 − 8 + 6 − 6 + 2 6
x2 − 6x + 7 2x − 6 2
7- lim 3
= lim 2 = lim =0.
x →∞ x + 7 x −1 x →∞ 3 x + 7 x →∞ 6 x

5 − 5x3 − 15 x 2 15 5
8- lim = lim = = .
x → −∞ 2 − 2 x3 x → −∞ − 6 x 2 6 2
7 x5 − 6 35 x 4 140 x 3
9- lim = lim = lim = +∞ .
x → +∞ 4 x 2 − 2 x + 4 x → +∞ 8 x − 2 x → +∞ 8
5 − x + x2 −1 + 2x 2 1
10 - lim 2
= lim = lim =− .
x →∞ 2 − x − 2x x → ∞ − 1 − 4x x → ∞ −4 2
ex ex ex
11 - lim = lim = lim = +∞ .
x → +∞ x2 x → +∞ 2 x x → +∞ 2

x 99 99 x 98 k
12 - lim x
= lim x
= ... = lim x = 0 .
x → +∞ e x →+∞ e x → +∞ e

x 1 1
13 - lim x
lim x = = 1.
x →0 e − cos x x →0 e + sen x 1 + 0

14 -
x → +∞
( )
lim x 2 e x − 1
1
0 . ∞?
 424

 1   1x  1  
 x   e − 2  
= lim 
e − 1  = lim   x  
x → +∞  1  x → +∞  − 2 x 
 2   
 x   x4 
1

1 x41 x ex
= lim e . 2 . x
= lim = +∞
x → +∞ x 2 x x →+∞ 2
cos x
15 - limπ
x→ 2 ( x − π / 2) 2
− sen x −1
= limπ 2
= =∞.
x→ 2
 π 0
2 x − 
 2

2x
16 - lim x
x →∞ 2 − 1

2 x ln 2
= lim =1.
x →∞ 2 x ln 2

 1 1 
17 - lim  − 

x→2 2 x − 4 x −2

 x − 2 − 2x + 4  −x+2
= lim   = lim
x → 2 (2 x − 4 ) ( x − 2 )
  x →2 (2 x − 4 ) ( x − 2 )
−x+2 −1 −1
= lim 2 = lim = =∞
x→2 2 x − 8 x + 8 x→2 4 x − 8 0
 x 
18 - lim  ln 
 x + 1
x → +∞

x 1
= ln lim = ln lim = ln 1 = 0 .
x → +∞ x +1 x → +∞ 1
 x π 
19 - lim  − 
x →π / 2 cot g x
 2 cos x 
 425

 2 x cos x − π cot g x 
= lim  
x →π / 2
 cot g x 2 cos x 
 cos x 
 2 x cos x − π 
= lim  senx 
x →π / 2  cos x 
 2 cos x 
 senx 
 2 xsenx − π   2 x cos x + 2 senx 
= lim   = lim   = − 1.
x →π / 2
 2 cos x  x →π / 2  − 2 senx 
20 - lim tgh x
x → +∞

1
ex − x
e x − e−x e
= lim x = lim
x → +∞ e + e − x x → +∞ 1
ex + x
e
2x
e −1
x e2x − 1
= lim 2ex = lim 2 x
x → +∞ e + 1 x → +∞ e + 1
ex
e2x . 2
= lim 2 x = 1
x → +∞ e . 2

senh x
21 - lim
x →0 sen x
cosh x 1
lim = =1
x →0 cos x 1
ln x
22 - lim 3
x→∞ x
1
x 3 3 x2
= lim = lim
x →∞ 1 −32 x →∞ x
x
3
2 −1
3 x3
2
= lim 3 = lim 3 = 0
x →∞ 1 x → ∞ x
sec 2 x − 2tg x
23 - lim
x →π / 4 1 + cos 4 x
 426

2 sec 2 x tg x − 2 sec 2 x
= lim
x →π / 4 − sen 4 x . 4
2 sec 2 x . sec 2 x + tg 2 x . 4 sec 2 x − 4 sec 2 x tg x 8 1
= lim = =
x →π / 4 − 16 cos 4 x 16 2
cosh x − 1
24 - lim
x →0 1 − cos x
senh x cosh x 1
= lim = lim = =1
x →0 + sen x x → 0 cos x 1
25 - lim (1 − cos x) cot g x
x →0

1 − cos x 1 − cos x
= lim = lim
x →0 1 x → 0 tg x
cot g x
sen x 0
= lim = =0
x →0 sec 2 x 1
26 - lim [ln x ln( x − 1)]
x →1

1
ln( x − 1)
= lim = lim x − 1
x →1 1 x →1 1
−
ln x x
(ln x )2
2 2
1 (ln x ) (ln x ) x
= lim . = − lim
x →1 x − 1 1 x →1 x −1
−
x
(ln x )2 1 + x 2 ln x 1
= − lim x = − lim (ln x )2 + 2 ln x = 0
x →1 1 x →1

 1 1 
27 - lim  − 
x →1 2 1 −
 ( ) (
x 3 1− 3 x  )
 427

 3 − 33 x − 2 + 2 x 
= lim  
x →1 (
 6 1− x 1− x  )( 3
)
1 1 − 3x1 / 3 + 2 x1 / 2
= lim
6 x →1 1 − x 1 / 3 − x1 / 2 + x 5 / 6
1 − x − 2 / 3 + x −1 / 2
= lim
6 x →1 1 1 5
− x − 2 / 3 − x −1 / 2 − x −1 / 6
3 2 6
2 −5 / 3 1 −3 / 2
x − x
1 3 2
lim
6 x →1 2 −5 / 3 1 −3 / 2 5 − 7 / 6
x + x − x
9 4 36
1
=
12

3
4 + ln x
28 - lim x
x →0 +

3 3

ln lim+ ln x 4+ ln x = lim+ ln x 4+ ln x
x →0 x →0

3
= lim+ ln x
x →0 4 + ln x
1
3  3

3 ln x
= lim+ = lim+ x = 3 ⇒  lim+ x 4+ ln x = e 3 
x →0 4 + ln x x →0 1  x →0 
x
29 - lim x sen x
x →0 +
 428

ln lim+ x sen x = lim+ ln x sen x

x →0 x →0

ln x
= lim+ sen x . ln x = lim+
x →0 x →0 1
sen x
1
x −1
= lim+ = lim+
x →0 − cos sec x . cot g x x →0 x cos sec x . cot g x

− sen 2 x
= lim+
x →0 x cos x
− 2 sen x cos x 0
= lim+ = =0
x →0 − x sen x + cos x 1
∴ lim+ x sen x = e 0 = 1
x →0

1
30 - lim x 1− x
x →1

1 1
1− x 1− x
1
ln lim ln x = lim ln x = lim ln x
x →1 x →1 x →1 1− x
1
ln x
= lim = lim x = −1
x →1 1 − x x →1 − 1
1
1
∴ lim x 1− x = e −1 =
x →1 e
πx
cos
2
31 - lim− (1 − x)
x →1

πx πx
cos cos
2 2
ln lim− (1 − x) = lim− ln(1 − x)
x →1 x →1

πx ln (1 − x)
= lim− cos . ln (1 − x) = lim−
x →1 2 x →1 1
πx
cos
2
−1
1− x −1
= lim− = lim
π x π x x→1−
x →1
sec tg (1 − x )sec π x tg π x
2 2 2 2
 429

−1
= lim−
x →1 πx
sen
2 1
(1 − x ) .
πx πx
cos cos
2 2
πx π πx πx
cos 2 − 2 cos sen
= lim− 2 = lim 2 2 2 =0
x →1 π x x→1− π πx πx
(1 − x ) sen (1 − x ) cos − sen
2 2 2 2
πx
cos
Assim, lim− (1 − x) 2
= e 0 = 1.
x →1

32 - lim x sen π / x
x → +∞

π  π  −π
sen  cos  2
= lim x = lim  x x
x → +∞ 1 x → +∞ −1
x x2
π
= lim π cos =π
x → +∞ x
x2/3
33 - lim 2
x → ∞ ( x + 2)1 / 3

1 1
 x2  
3
2x  3 1
=  lim 2  =  lim  = 13 = 1
 x → ∞ x + 2   x →∞ 2 x 
senh x
34 - lim
x →∞ x
cosh x
= lim =∞
x→∞ 1
35 - lim (2 x − 1) 2 / x
x→∞

ln lim (2 x − 1) 2 / x = lim ln (2 x − 1) 2 / x
x →∞ x →∞

2 2 ln (2 x − 1)
= lim ln (2 x − 1) = lim
x →∞ x x →∞ x
2
2
4
= lim 2 x − 1 = lim =0
x →∞ 1 x → ∞ 2x − 1
2
⇒ lim (2 x − 1) x = e0 = 1
x →∞
 430

3
2
36 - lim (cos 2 x) x
x→0

3 3
2 2
ln lim (cos 2 x) x = lim ln(cos 2 x) x
x →0 x →0

− sen 2 x . 2
3
3 cos 2 x
= lim 2 ln (cos 2 x) = lim
x →0 x x →0 2x
− 6 sen 2 x 1 − 6 . 2 cos 2 x
= lim = lim
x →0 cos 2 x 2 x x →0 2 (cos 2 x ) + 2 x (− sen 2 x ) 2
− 12 cos 2 x − 12
= lim = = −6
x →0 2 cos 2 x − 4 x sen 2 x 2 − 0
3 1
⇒ lim (cos 2 x ) x 2 = e − 6 =
x →0 e6
ln(sen a x)
37 - lim+
x →0 ln(sen x)
a cos ax
sen ax a cos ax sen x
= lim+ = lim+
x →0 cos x x →0 sen ax cos x
sen x
a cos ax cos x − a 2 sen x . sen ax
= lim+
x →0 − sen ax . sen x + a cos x . cos ax
a−0
= lim+ =1
x →0 0+a
 1 5 
38 - lim  − 2 
x →3
 x −3 x − x −6
 1 5   x+2−5  x−3 1
= lim  −  = lim   = lim =
x →3
 x − 3 ( x − 3)( x + 2)  x→3  ( x − 3) ( x + 2 )  x →3 ( x − 3) ( x + 2 ) 5
1
39 - lim
x→0 + x tgx
ln x
ln lim+ x −tgx = lim+ ln x −tgx = lim+ − tgx ln x = lim+ −
x →0 x →0 x →0 x →0 1
tg x
ln x 1 1
= lim+ − = lim+ = lim
x →0 cot g x x →0 x cos sec 2 x x →0 + x
sen 2 x
 431

sen 2 x 2 sen x cos x 0

= lim+ = lim+ = =0
x →0 x x → 0 1 1
1
⇒ lim+ tgx = e 0 = 1
x →0 x

2
2 + ln x
40 - lim x
x →0 +

1
2 2 2
2 2 ln x
ln lim+ x 2 + ln x
= lim+ ln x 2 + ln x
= lim+ ln x = lim+ = lim+ x = 2
x →0 x →0 x →0 2 + ln x x →0 2 + ln x x →0 1
x
2

⇒ lim+ x 2+ ln x = e 2
x →0

41 - limπ (1 − tg x ) sec 2 x
x→ 4

1 − tg x 1 − tg x
= limπ = limπ
x→ 4 1 x → 4 cos 2 x

sec 2 x
2
 2 
2
− 
= limπ
sec x
=  2 4 1
= . =1
x → 4 − 2 sen 2 x −2 2 2
x ln x
42 - lim
x→∞ x + ln x
1
x + ln x
x 1 + ln x
= lim = lim =∞
x →∞ 1 x→∞ 1
1+ 1+
x x
43 - lim (e x + x)1 / x
x →0

1 ln (e x + x)
ln lim (e x + x)1 / x = lim ln(e x + x)1 / x = lim ln (e x + x) = lim
x →0 x →0 x→0 x x →0 x
x
e +1
x ex +1
= lim e + x = lim x
x →0 1 x →0 e + x

1+1 2
= = =2
1+ 0 1
1
⇒ lim (e x + x) x = e 2
x →0