Chapter 24- 1 Pager

SPECIES AND SPECIATION REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION

Biological Species: population whose Definition: the existence of biological barriers
members have the potential to interbreed and that impede two species from producing
produce viable, fertile offspring. viable, fertile, offspring.
Species Concepts: - Factors can occur before or after
Morphological * recognition * cohesion * fertilization
ecological * evolutionary
The 2 patterns of Speciation:
Anagenesis- linear
Cladogenesis- branching
Biological Species Concept cannot be applied
to fossils or asexual organisms.
Types of Speciation:
The 2 Types:
Prezygotic
- Block fertilization
- Examples: habitat, temporal,
behavioral, mechanical, and gametic
isolation
Postzygotic
- Prevents zygote development
- Examples: reduced hybrid
viability/fertility and hybrid breakdown
Allopatric: speciation occurs when the
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population is split up into geographically
HYBRIDS
isolated subpopulations
Hybrids: offspring of crosses between species
- Reproductive isolation usually
- Usually have reduced fitness comp to
increases as the distance between
parent species
populations increase
Hybrid zone: region in which members of diff
Sympatric: speciation occurs while in
species mate and produce hybrids
geographically overlapping populations
- polyploidy - multiple sets of
chromosomes
- Autopolyploid- more than 2
chromosome sets 1 species
- Allopolyploid- multiple sets of
chromosomes from diff species Types:
Sexual selection can drive sympatric - Reinforcement- occurs when hybrids
speciation are less fit than parents
Punctuated Equilibria- a period of static in - Fusion- when hybrids are just as fit
evolution - Stability- extensive gene flow leads to
more reproductive isolation
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