Animal welfare

Kuliah ke-14
Managemen Ternak Unggas (MTU)
Laboratorium Produksi Ternak Unggas
Struktur Paparan
› Latar Belakang
› Konsep Animal Welfare
› Definisi Animal Welfare
› Animal welfare pada ayam broiler
› Animal welfare pada ayam petelur
› Animal welfare di Indonesia
› Daftar Pustaka
Latar Belakang

› Wacana lahir sejak ribuan tahun lalu

seiring proses domestikasi
› Dikemukakan oleh philosopher sejak
zaman Yunani Kuno (contoh Aristoteles &
Phytagoras)
› Dihimbau oleh agama-agama dunia
(Islam, Budha etc)
› Ramai kembali setelah berkembangnya
industri peternakan
 Konsep Animal Welfare
The five freedoms (Brambell report 1965)
-­‐ Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition
-­‐ Freedom from discomfort
-­‐ Freedom from pain, injury and disease
-­‐ Freedom to express normal behaviour
-­‐ Freedom from fear and distress
Definisi Animal Welfare
›keseimbangan antara hewan itu
sendiri dengan lingkungannya (Moura
dkk 2006)
›keadaan yang berkaitan dengan upaya
mengatasi lingkungannya (Broom
1986) à tingkah laku/fungsi biologis
Animal welfare pada ayam broiler
›Effectselective breeding for fast
growth rate chickens
›Stocking density
›Catching, transport & Slaughter
Animal welfare pada ayam broiler
› Effect of fast growth rate
- a mortality
rate of 1% a week (7x laying hens)
- Leg problem & lameness à perkembangan
tulang yang abnormal, penyakit tulang (bakteri)
- Heart failure
Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS/flip-over syndrome)à kerja
jantung lebih cepat krn membutuhkan banyak oksigen
Ascites àakumulasi cairan di rongga abdomen (water
belly)
Animal welfare pada ayam broiler

Source : http://www.sott.net
Animal welfare pada ayam broiler

Lameness pada broiler

Source : https://chickenrescueandrehabilitation.wordpress.com

Source : http://woodstocksanctuary.org
Animal welfare pada ayam broiler
Ascites

Source : http://umaine.edu Source : http://www.thepoultrysite.com

Animal welfare pada ayam broiler
› High stocking density
- Restrict the chicken behavior, health
problem à increase lameness, breast
blisters, foot-pad dermatitis, hock burns,
infections
- Increase wet litter à air pollution
(ammoniac), dust particle
- Dianjurkan 25kg/m2 atau 12 birds/m2
Breast blister

Source : http://www.animalsaustralia.org
Animal welfare pada ayam broiler
Hock burns

Source : http://www.thepoultrysite.com
Animal welfare pada ayam broiler

Food Pad Dermatitis

Source : http://en.engormix.com
Animal welfare pada ayam broiler

›Catching, transport & Slaughter

- Catching àhigh levels of bruises,
fractures, high stress levels
- Transport à crowding, heat and vehicle
vibration
- Slaughter àhung upside down in ‘shackles’ &
stunning
Animal welfare pada ayam broiler

Catching

Source : The welfare of broiler chickens in the European Union

Animal welfare pada ayam petelur
Transportation

Source : http://www.eyesonanimals.com

Source : http://www.upc-online.org
Animal welfare pada ayam broiler

Slaughter

Source : http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org Source : http://www.fwi.co.uk

Animal welfare pada ayam petelur
› Isu utama
- The space allowance per hen
- Enrichment of the cage
- Proper beak trimming
› Isu lain
Induced molting, cannibalism, injuries,
osteoporosis, depopulation process
Source : http://www.upc-online.org/chickens/chickensbro.html
Animal welfare pada ayam petelur

Kandang Alternatif
› Laying cages
- Conventional cages (300-400cm2 (Asia,
Brazil)); (430cm2 (USA)); (550cm2(Eropa))
- Enriched cagesà more space (750cm2),
nest boxes, litter
› Barn systems à large enclosure with litter,
birds move freely
› Free-range systems à Barn systems with
outdoor access
Animal welfare pada ayam petelur
Conventional cages

Source : http://eggfarmers.org.nz Source : http://www.worldpoultry.net/

Animal welfare pada ayam petelur

Enriched cages

Source : http://theeggchefsdigest.com
Source : http://blogs.ubc.ca
Barn systems

Source : http://www.thepoultrysite.com Source : http://www.poultryhub.org

Animal welfare pada ayam petelur
Free range systems

Source : http://www.freerangefarmers.com.au Source : http://morethanpaleo.com

Animal welfare di Indonesia

› Sudah ada payung hukum (UU no 18,

2009; pasal 66-67)
› Masih dianggap konsep baru à melihat
ternak hanya sebagai komoditas
ekonomi (aspek respect & justice blm
diakomodasi)
› Muncul karena adanya pemberitaan
media asing (tekanan pemerintah
Australia untuk sapi)
 Animal welfare di Indonesia

Source : http://industri.bisnis.com

Source : http://www.trobos.com
 Animal welfare di Indonesia

Source : http://www.emaxhealth.com Source : http://www.livestockreview.com

Daftar Pustaka
Carenzi C and Verga M 2009, Animal welfare: review of the scientific
concept and definition, Italian Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 8, p. 21-30
Moura DJ, Nääs IA, Pereira DF, Silva RBTR and Camargo GA 2006, Animal
Welfare Concepts and Strategy for Poultry Production: A Review, Brazilian
Journal of Poultry Science, no 3, Volume 8, p. 137 – 148
Van horne PLM and Achterbosch TJ 2008, Animal Welfare in Poultry
Production Systems : impact of EU standards on world trade, World’s
Poultry Journal Association, Vol 64, p. 40-52
Compassion in World Farming Trust 2005, THE WELFARE OF BROILER
CHICKENS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, A report by Compassion in World
Farming Trust