YADAH ALINDAYO

Direction: Answer and submit your answer in MS WORD format. (50 points)

Discussion:

1. What is the importance of studying Geodetic Astronomy in the field of Geodetic Engineering.
To study of variation of density within the crust of the Earth. Determination of geographic latitude, geographic
longitude and azimuth of terrestrial direction from observation of celestial bodies, from astronomic
observations. Closely connected with the determination of geographic longitude is determination of time.

2. Give at least 5 reasons for studying astronomy

a. A knowledge of celestial coordinate systems, transformation amongst them and variations in each of
them.
b. celestial coordinate system define the link between the satellite and terrestrial coordinate systems;
c. The concept of time for geodetic purposes are developed
d. Tidal studies require a knowledge of geodetic astronomy
e. When dealing with new technologies (e.g. inertial survey systems) and understanding of a local
astronomic coordinate system is essential

3. Differentiate latitude and longitude.

-Longitude is the measurement east or west of the prime meridian. Longitude is measured by imaginary lines
that run around the Earth vertically (up and down) and meet at the North and South Poles. These lines are
known as meridians. Each meridian measures one arc degree of longitude. While Latitude is the measurement
of distance north or south of the Equator. It is measured with 180 imaginary lines that form circles around the
Earth east-west, parallel to the Equator. These lines are known as parallels. A circle of latitude is an imaginary
ring linking all points sharing a parallel.

4. Differentiate orthometric height and geoidal height

Optometric height is the height of the point of interest above geoid,mesured along the plumbline,as obtain from
the spirit leveling and en route gravity observations.While geoidal height is the distance between geoid and a
reference ellipsoid, measured along an ellipsoidal normal.