DENGUE

FEVER
Epidemiological triad:-
Agent

Host Environment
Agent Factors of Dengue
• Agent

▪ Arbovirus, flavirus

▪ Single stranded RNA

▪ 50 nm diameter with multiple copies of

3 structural proteins

( membrane bilayer and single-stranded RNA)

Man and aedes egypti are the reservoirs
HOST:
▪ Man is the only host
▪ Environmental causes:

water cooler
▪ Broken bottles  Flower pot ▪ over head tank
DIAGNOSIS
Low blood cell count:
Hemoconcentration

Hypoalbuminemia

Pleural effusion
Positive tourniquet test:
MANAGEMENT
• Oral rehydration therapy
▪ Intravenous fluids:
▪ Blood transfusion:
PREVENTION
Wear fully covered clothes:
▪ Use mosquito net and apply insect
repellent
Isolate the patient for 5-6 days
Maintain environmental hygiene
▪ Cover over head tank
Nurses responsibility
• Monitor intravenous hydration is usually needed for one or
two days.
• Sponging is required to keep the body temperature low.
• Maintenance of hydration is more important.
• Fluid administration about 10 to 20 ml/kg body weight is
usually sufficient.
• Invasive medical procedures such as nasogastric intubation,
intramuscular injections and arterial punctures are avoided or
minimized to reduce the bleeding risk.

• Paracetmol is used for fever and discomfort.

• NSAIDs are avoided as they might aggravate the risk of bleeding.