2. Rivogont ( corporal, Lui Jolode) : g mabunetale anicd -fabowncio gugtione audit don la oxigen aul 4 Ucdiohtec j) > subunitaty mare. Aan sbuctiocd : Srepmile Loyilt lu numa leapslone . emule pSovsuey rau eRoTIWWDE. (159-250 4) Ligeel in emihercia cthoplamntlica as ROL! din) GEE: romeice 3. AeApATUL Gobi (tstalitehe dict orom tbe) Roading: ridlume emumbromarn Joomak shim ani whe ri dim cilanme alumsrte = Malia ime apnoptenen ucliudud, im gona cea 1 ami axbwi. aa t =a “4 AsOUNTI RL meted Coons tore Asta OK ermteng& 4 duh nid Suet hh eel ee > 6 sag Wu, of . a LH Mt 34 emoli wre dh tua sualiiher Fedora oe {svn ATP P Lane ms RH OH manga —> AMer Pr gman \ ® {Por amovnesgies. COL: ced, Yop onion, ts Aiton Me tna S. itezomi 2 “wotin net ibe inset, a = Corruswu sei - oie IE ire ap ou (I wot) fe seme iradical Fi le ai peturn fosfor ie, macroerg (fowfatmacroeryich) ergin rezultata la nivelul mitocondriilor in rma proc math direct de citre celulil ee ec inmagazinat een CP ete. Energia inmagazinata va fi elibe fipal ATP. celulare. Hor de oxi 4 in substante m: ral in raport cu esitaitile P enzima p-A-P—t—*P-A P+ P+ E (utilizata de celutay (ATP) (ADP) A-P4 P+ Ei (utilizata de eelula) (AMP) enzima c~P +c + P+ E (transferata ATP) }+—— membrani simpli de natur: ‘4 lipoproteica Continut bogat in enzime hidrolitice Enzimele hidrolitice sunt enzimele care 17 descompunerea substantelor complexe Articiparea apei, prin desfacerea acesteia. Ele atabolismul diferitelor substanje. Organizarea unei enzime sau vitamin, parte proteic& parte = metal L_y| Portiune cu actiune specifica de Fecunoastere a substratulul ps :7A 14. Nucleut 1 endloplasmatic l _—falleul [ | MEMBRANA NUCLEARA por membranar L-cromating cu pranulatii (contine ADN, ARN, proteine, Ca”, Mp’, lipide etc.) 4 ™ = cariolimfi z nucleol =. (contine ARN, proteine, substan{e mincrale)” i Prost _ “ Peas \ dunkint . InedundLL, Organizaren general NUCEEL MEMIRANA a7 et ative citoplasma SHY citeplastatice structurata Ss Y incluziuni citoplasmatice pieaturi de lipide CITOPLASMA citoplasma nestructurata CITOSGHELET microtubuli ~* refea foarte find de filamente proteice ansamblu de miceleMEDIE = 0-30NEULON ; ilaPOTENTIAL MEMBRANAR DE ACTiUNECtnuctund, celula * 2 parle comporunis guimcinale > Q membrani @ tdsploma Q) muclu 4 HEMBRANK CEWLARR (romad feet ie saul, i ae Eat foora. x expt st antorme aie - abstuita,, TH PeluciPAL, sin sep x (ust- a [opmeein LLoy ap Tee », Vearuy Shas XloS LS, Organite celulare comune Reticutul endoplarml Ribozomus i reticul endoplasmatic subunitare poliribozomi neted mich ibozomi fiber. Proteine b libe 5 ribozomale -nucleu ARN“ ribozomal subunitate mare reticul endoplasmatic rugos Mitocondria ; ATP membrana interna matrix (matrice = stroma = continut cp CREATINA, criste mitocondriale cantit§{i mari de enzime H,PO, oxidoreducdtoare Creatindrr 1.2, Membrana celulara snbrnanti SPATIU EXTRACELULAR ori met A po strat extern proteic canalicul straturi fosfolipidice strat intern proteic [O_o por membranar-" ® Me al clasic al membranei (dupa Danielti— moxlificat) pori membranati proteine fibrilare proteine receptoare canalicul proteine transportoare oer embrana) proteine globutl in straturile fi straturi fosfolipidice pol hidrofil pol hidrofob Modelul mozaicului fluid Modelul moleculei de fosfolip (model membranar)ant Sas mea Greta qt sila doum ena “cf Juin gmaven oe idea 1 fost [zg eh onat oat tramymumnaman al wr G aka =) - naalingond funchils spualinats ale arambaa ah tt a nano oman cantk Becleinee x pot ada yphvuna art indyind a ori a fo ag fe fe qremsm i ItUnjtatea de bezd morfefunctionals ost |Celis The ting Units°6 = CAPITOLUL 2 i On Reticut endoplasmic CP relan tapetae tasarea ainitate inal Pentru ee Nehid qu ance diva hs ‘Ceutele de place (63 diamet br fesprind des ‘Final ewIh gy 4 cand wild 9 duaundd de conan ( 1 dsr) Inbta 2 some Simul, abe, “nal colutu , minora embetter Linda i ilimahe sacra, dep me nd duu mnobacesd elt umufourn. a Jumbrama KY pammult poral conic LiecR > ouda ayy to Boag fa must CAN ALE LOR foMice yo abe. quested. | Jormoluume rrrunndniama- 1 me th dumm. oak da cmich , imeah mun poh i msalinade mich onion, Od ay emivorcopulun shocbunic OSHOTA . ‘uriumta put (cotvrtulus) dicbt-0 rolupie tee Qe CE, BZ Ze1Z CA - ‘ come. mone | come. mich (raf. ema diluot) (nt. ered conudrata) rmuttnand. crural = ma quence meal dn ndledt diGk qulide adit Yodo. con. Inoue artleata, a a poayeni evmana = PRESUNE OSHOTICA = qwoptilional, wr url dy gorhwsle dinstuate im role.y 6 to WNELE al, a da di wu htega ria, URE iy aman rh Ap. gabon cof TEMPORNEE ni NEORDONATE + pmepod fs) PERMANENTE | . . , atu: 4. daclvalta) * minut stpubhuol ern Ouse snlaghinode lina fe. ? — -apdaluul fbn wna apical 4h do ctor) wh an i (no! nu ‘ al + Uk: pull muggael, Boeri eal frcdal = fo gol mp. al. al. raupcoans cna i © darmevgme = yuh sa Augshuns om adlidammard paTalat nae Manozei gi aditia \- v | “ Aditia galactozei == -acetil-glucozamina roel18 POTENTIAL DE VERBENA (> qotavinon abduct) Aisbiubeie imsonl. a ponamtlor sada de» ord. ‘6 ds aha cmumdramad satulare’ * re dakrunnd ® orvreanivdibodn cfs, qua dnote, a syne roids, cadunaihe fucinsole msgid ) adiviolsa, gwmngui da Site? ® mumbai in rapa © Aa mig. cnamdywamss ora ce peed. drepul wd secur Sn sapiy, ermumbyuama 2 imal Le naKcune porihiie fo, wh. 4 nagar Aa anlvure , ia wwomore a ronandinasad imagale ‘a tahoe dy M3 Ox" de » poke x de otha a atthe < fa sch marina t UE 9 Card cma di dune (Unit kt), 0K Sa ich 9 hay cea he LIT 7 vedlawe (aul, K') da 1 samuora( BE) we porstivme ducts nagttus te ara CO) xilexop ( POTENTIAL OG REPRUS cut uo me dad. : * de Jh'lk’ > sapudineand sted dey de ies de Wt serra ht rung ror dur Aidstuia » _poromacdrditatia pl fo mye. « tv» tie Sobuth ycdterdal). poume fle a Ptr a surhalile do dh!Ip Vorotei ue TCANSMENGRANARE : © fomalt toni — hetwnd-canal oben pormpa. mt) | kad ~~ 4 oe oe / . GD Heer Pr € ~ mode mia sper) 0, A ou! eral og. peo. emir Wetbut: one, ouel > Srorepedul cause, prin ordi coma ce ta: dtine ; A tnt -dochinis > fumidiemana pampsi_ dy Not s* (oxi) st & og Not e Z.5 is wat 2 lon de 57 a ea sigur de Ut y | & wApraliimbal i Z e O—wegemey ny} puma ewr| -eput $ mI ME egy PT Yon OH TO1 ® rumsend tm actiime + xe adiomoxd ww um rtimul, odsunt Ais Satu timuladle chcbaie op t peintial al gehts prio, emadulicorna, prinitalulu at rab RA- modifica humped. sa ponteahutia de ‘imbnama. Louie 2. Traminamna Ac datouskea, ums wud. dichuct cou npr Ba dawer ivwler fin canal. mumlranue 2 aflk, Lae Ne: tau @ Lnchid , “is be dé msvua peucvalilun ste orminamnt kp de ax. & Acconinmalr de produce, durata si frame slyved jn puncte dipul dé duds, ath a sacar tn active (td tt sum flrrnul acluevot ) emus dune ag "et 1 porting Lo. sind: I, com jen, Shinde i ae mii ial hid enable lt se in a th ill it Se i tant Ae te fo halle de aching 4H pBeincpisl ie Lig net. Trond a fox cea dtu amamdnomara Jf Rm. POTENTIAL DE AciUNE x de. ne maminond,, aut potrctral o.m. fHeurs Me eyos' f af# Rol mcomic.- de nandimoa 4 ds conduniu, o pangattashin muse Iveuusluui CToPLASHATICE : aati nn reac, we tela ee Oe - coxaclur Tepaenk many yasene a wash AP ~ grams, de guts da reruns, jodie i repveil splgaases 3, NUCLEUL ~ pod sonitlutlina. poincipa igh: coordomiata. grote Weolontr collins sulany pumarmmdate © colin, rratvualul aynibic amabolinem, oe sembudiana emebabaturr nul cobubare catalotiarm © dxamnmult dn. ginilicd, Gods gee 5 amcancbwied » slut adinoase , mucoane WERE de PXtal, ane foun. clk” Mome- = mucleate ; imajnedatia itl. i pmlc dapabai i marten * jib onsnc. sloeaty hor La fc> muda : Aumatia adultGov: dhgg pas rutt sai uuliler conn jaluuind. 3 dun cobs, sta lung iil we roa Iilor da_eahule oa Ayah, (atalino 6. CeNTROzoRUL (tutu ulutox) = Aduok im npnopiinun mufalut + ne crap din humgth AVL QTU NW CELA CENTOIOU | | <_ QENT ROSFE ed. a \ = rambkisth cluduck lupus popeulicuve uml pi clddatt, fxoujwuth dh routidt ciddlanm’ inane ( cutrsaters.) Rok: jn divininmen eestos our. fucith du duvingune, - Sapuets jm musnouk oy Weemals= ® Brunthetea = temalil 4 % aah thera tebe ae at treuse auipna mumlnarss pf 0 dob PYM pamale de Se a ndiy 2 acewodind 4 dusty, Om mu ce mad dain 4, , Q puta aumdunta ( Aipslarixanea) Aytarsravase pestis dup alingoua spitindisluhn de nna, ge daleind seitumn firma Jain tarsi nh Wat hak on urd in ul frsabe | Lay Aapsntircde & wh rian, ahiny uilewugr fo rds ee “Ak Ittchad ah Land f . ) ' a QD parte ducyndurd’ (upstrrvcaeea) patrbralil rivers bee sosoaria dy pu. a prt dat. Aue kK dum ll yin Lora nepaciads. ws, oad fon, cue ta dvechid de DITTO. Jin foun. bral Deaton Binal, duySanararet ( gata caver do, G3 em oe toni ant go donk + hastruc. Pun de ilalt nina © or pmo xistd exu- nu- ada Pow velule le Uherior astlel inet devin St hate intre lama 5) 2nm Ham 300 nm | 700 nm Jo am iderate carac- alin, considera de condensare a gpoima tea super Figura 3-10 Grade de in metafaza. a ee ADN bl teristice pentru cromo; licoidala a mol 1e $i for- : structura elicoi histor sins cca, stun ol AO gi respect” 2 catenar, cu cone is de nucleozomi, cu diametrul de 7 flamente cu a or forme: nm. Prin ester gral de onde nfercar esl prezerial Wt nm. Prin crest 700 nm. In patea iforiar® #5 ametrul de 300 Hahah in cae gradu de impact ‘cromozom in metafaza, maxim,GC ammo home \ CITOPLASMA - 31 Spatiu intermembranar Mitocondrie Unitati globulare (sintezd de ATP) (transformare de energie) igura 2-12. Reprezentare tridimensional a unei mitocondri sia restelor care patrund in matrice. Se observa ca peretele mitocondriei ste alcdtuit din doua membrane care delimiteaza un spatiu inter- 1embranar. Pe suprafata crestelor sunt prezente unitati globulare care articipd la formarea ATP-ului.OeGaNiTe. conuNeE : erumn. nck. 1 RE * - munmbr. sn. quel /f , we: gana tintulaton ihrotsop laren tie Shute. : canalicular core plomalima di Pratl a al mumlromu die tia amembcanit wlulore WeTed: sda dnb a Aufucth in vin > ema as in [ina 2.6. cmunc. Antots.., ROL » — pehscrnusl ae dujouruct . sna JZ fom LU a ce. i. vo ERGAsToRLASMA 0 jusiluluc cmambramos VUR. RiERCN QOL! ik nindbra quis. RRR COLL erat0 3 Sadi. luce awwthial de mgominage a porous unnne Cells Me tivo nts The Plasma Membrane: Structure oY Describe the chemical composition of the plasma ‘membrane and relate it te membrane functions F Compare the structure and function of tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions Te Hevea rane is the vf th here eprint dees acon ets these alae ad Hal ie) wn wea as iy al sli plasma membrane. The plasma micimbrate anuch mone tha a woth the ths. bt ths ct aot the jars ng STA Rahs Serene Pan Gnas allow esse envelope: As yom wills Phaystaymanic rte i eth The Fluid Mosaic Model he lu mal det ert ane stature eps the a mane ssa ily (7A Layer.on layer Hal meus ine oe alyerset i (Figure 3) The ‘iat host atthe thal mosAk putter The meal sana seal ls “lio the wena H phoyphatpt, st salt a rl avs calle il wt sonstetet Lay holm shSoe RN enusnomre TARA @ gulls satable ne dypolavare anc api , dad sulearice a pobrtuatule ye cravmlyjomd wide tuduaa Ja un uLKA UL tic,‘ murmul poluntial (4 0 dota. awh "4 whyns, dipstixvevua ui. nportdna > guna abiitatia sp pecs et Ye duchid tomate ft Uh” Stinnul adecuct ; @ Imtemanitate PA 2 um Hanpuum da tip, TOTUL rau Mimic” Sh 4 crnimima ; de #79 5 Lninach (Ip) = unlimedlote creumumd a ctimudulin Ga Lore crrrnbring aun pounds turn PA * 321, > SUBUMINALT = mu dstvemim’ dypoloxinarcca v6 slur nea tunis dmpuals “i Be dp = SUPCAUNI NAR ~ mun dc. 9 xian emai aompl duckct rtimulil peg @ Timp actu = dirnpusl a shimuluty pl. ca ndluomiimd anna rmumbramut « ut. paren. amu PA. ———— = © Ture bana) 5a t _ Be el2 nelowt cone mut COME. TALC . GRAWENIAL PASIVE Hota da tyrectune oct tata EATICEAIENTRL AETIV “barmport actu Coommtan, de mings clea Ate) mobeuly uplaridveati (veroudce) 0, Arman; stixout ( att otc iframe @ DIFUsiUNE K corti of ec a a Bs: fat fostix dn, 4 ag ‘ 2 sAwVr Ze Sioa moleult, ergrvrsce tu tg Quetle ac Fea andi med ecatte thetic ~ Duvue poitioutilor di notuct ds cen stain fend Bycloun sencardratilor duu cite 2 compactomuriti toliulele umd gat, £2 one i te fs > ? N omoteculele atlatiiobre solute rm qguix tmboo ‘muxor cinedonald puomamintd , eexltat al Iraq acxtora. fread. muna oi weiuNe = dis ut . att y é wim dod di opt raw 4 rutin amend umtfoumt 0 emetic. inte ton medals, gsetousvat arvat mai > t ati gtutesa) mit not Deawnsa amembiana yarn diluxiums , db aceea ay muy L protium: Juan pertoare . ————wy ®_—rrslushe ryan _qogerate i UL punta. eroiculona, mane. > way stunln Anammportoue > ramapoch ora iFiC « a) unig, dam Anenepvanh rangyrn que o Amul, + saTUCABIL A cvastimc) oe a no et a an 5 gout opine somlthia, ido crbtacubile de tnomapattal pursivw acute stim, Jnvmpaitoane DiFUrUMe FACILITATA . - ¢ blag Shs a, ‘ = (sage Lis sea ee Le ° ~ Jranapoilu reludulut ce ou axonal PASIV, umes? v dou thomeportonu,, us dhe eae > SST hy . on TRAUSTORT ACTIV fey gheoesa a Ly. Ga ei te Ze Z a AOAK gag ls yur - domeptilul netudului « et ds h a, whi ae ue fut qfeaduurrl ad, Ga auakouel padtumelo,Zz V Wacom etatwi ou dacou gum mui | bus a muti dwbli nau anubh: Aermupuama, : nop ~ beuap cidlului fuuctional af alle = lye ify du cthsplanan ade {Sait maucliond Leer reat crak ereutthe erundects Humiroma enulond. : porcard dubla Abu. tuilarnimata 3. wcrc > puutuntd rubsxom Cope Stanl &) > re conk. ur utomumlrorwl BE oda airdvons. 9 advenntt, rndereultu eeuclian yp fyderudaee oni ploneeo. + puttin rototdald su aryuck amogin. > nadia. da filamarti. rabdie fw. cin geomet foie de emai on Info ongront= » SPIRAL , in duitulme malin eee snore Apidos) om. { tome "WG Conon eiceourinic, Ww, Apri (amsh) 2% m= ADU KON UtornOOrg L- FORMA ce a ay fumelia ox dmdial , Ao ow jemi stan’ “ot errenula {out 4 2Q- “CD> ogee TN a sais Sa DIMENSION; js +i in dk if ionsSTOP LAS ia, Sn. SS \ et ASS) oe F ON one f ig J : Sg é& \ = L-Pe MAsUFA ce Mod se ovit ‘rotearete, Figura 2-16, Roti formata de o mem- ' S€ observa 3 reticulul endoplasmic neted (planut propial) int bozomi: ta Nivelul reticulutui endoplasmic rugos zomii apar sub forma unor puncte mici in. Mele Feticulului Neted sunt tubulare, in timp ce retical "Ugos este alcatuit di are eas eu M din cist—ar _ Edo eiwar ‘a ¥ TERUSPoRT HeNBRANAR. dE ule wetiontne.¢ , ® ewrweltord - emiluaiul usdtolulorc 1 fondok wy wortule ssn (un Jmongmanaa eumamat Ghul Pravnalonc i anbrauulas * eae ‘ypumocctoto, ® eedtoeks “anaddalul ibraceluloe + cogil ty wewith wee Lye ® pidioua ue meumboma clulor, io conc. fou or {i dur du fe Coll ‘ Ed 'i "9 " ' . K PROPRIETATILE, Chul nt a gunn ~~ anlguxd imdspl nolutus apna. tu < Sek a td rap. gumuate : = hoilova protic - Jegod Ania colulaxa, ~ emilabelinmul ular rt * TRANSPORTUL TeRNSMENBeAMAR, he" yu ef Julitot 2. amily ves} PEMEABILITATE SeLECIUA pordiur amumile emsterele fe. amajont ‘ Atha fontlorr > pusmilt, un adumt idiucliomal de subxt. mutcultve cs at godobstuymiol, elulave , poacum 6 um Sdeamefor tonic , care dddin- mime pantie cwunlulor “elrebucr’ £ ® ; Foxe mucuck®. UR. wn, postin rompoiten L HECAuisHE DE el irgue) - BiFUAUINE ShaLiATK t TRANSPORT TRANSHENBRAUAR. "TRANS eORT Ret Cov MY muoit’ UA. Umer svat, rrarbnoman, Anarapoctoon.: BEURUNE snot* im tmadificare Lor of Mrnalionala, puuick di Aifusetnrar fact ectata digg “été e- = e -9 2. _ ! + e2. CITOPLASHA ah rluuduna Lemp fis, fo mull gah “_— x poersipabad dandy ~ mu ui, At ~ nolim cetotdall > sul . josh Aguas AUSAWNUL DE Wick COLDI DALE. , ia rata patent path. eubdtaesti iii Comput wnth ealon) comune “hidunore wlll Fumertiowne ce govt sburdunctet ORGANITE COWULARE é ds ‘ais “dyin quake muleSbeudtord ~fhamanste de ocomat ann multi F— muplnama roti aan ie . mmumnlrorna abing a Witorninate) au fe e— pou Carina patie x rine aN AU Mongj Abe EXTER) Proreic. xbe, WiCouu uel YOFoU ey CO rb. INTERN PROTEIe. > shuthond Teicamnath > modal , Hoeatuusi guia”; proluinule ur du sn f daabeabe im cada soe. * ghuida ¢ fied 7 4do, duno. a. mumbo UTEewic TWehec ate, NEGATIVa POTENTIAL MEMBRANAR De REPAUS3 6 atom . Seika Aue mutton de oy fiecan condsibuimd, 2m fim imal ta sl ‘roo fuimgisral 3 molt, al inlneydii_oygvmam ‘DW ( rotnemdinl) 40N > \ fgamim, a a > | ‘eo da dy ali CELULA = a ot ori on ae faction A mati. hgomingge euaypuila swmayy |16 TeANSORT ACTIV a NN PRAWN ; ff. fuacioraus. Seumubhe(cotenus tor) padlimul bomeperdone © mun, angioie. maton ph Tawradyuel wae fidadliaa ATe- ulast aap AOU. 20 Smndtuno. qvadi- aydghut hu, da 40% vlan aod pun - fromdowl ath amiga, oYSum ga- * f Judi ai do courtesy Ave HIDLOUAAL Apes ey & simul tamapedsore a.m Pomec {ONTCE . ‘ 3 Se oe aiused ex: gompR du Not lk . f aol. ’ roe ‘é vo+.e aa im So, enol Wer ete. soituma. Aromaportoone. awe vintayAparatul Golgi vezicule o o o i = ° (vazut in ansamblu) (vazut lateral) Indeplineste urmitoarcle funcfii: sinteza si condensarea produsilor de secrefie, gencrarea $i regencrarea de membrane, sinteza gi secrejia polizaharidelor, acumularea si transformarea proteinelor etc. Centrozomul aster <—| centrosfera centriol OQ nucleu DUBLARE CENTRIOLI SS ee in timpul diviziunii celulare, la inceputul membrana acesteia, citoplasm’ Gin centrozom se formeaza fusul de diviziune centrioli A (nuclear) ' } CENTRIOLI o> Secfiune transversal / 9 Seturi de triplete _filamente ale fusului de microtubuli de diviziune provenite din asterfor de divixtuma, QL WAL fussans. Dror Boreal Cecauire sreditice: WOR SELES - im. cocbuadlle din parseplarma pleat ameulore filn& moweulans : SARto- Juma $A86--plowm RE MOTIBRLE - rm. abmbdr , 5- 150m, potnucaaka Covel wissl (his) 9 Sm munmual x £0 Lora Pa oe ae cu PER. (oegastaplaems) pt cobula marurcurd im etaglnen astri, i BALE = clea ian inl ds on neuroti6 Oe aaaMotafans Ceetrnene mererectvart) [individuatizarea cromozomilor, ee inityerea formar fusuilus mitotic, dezorganizarea inveligului nuclear) plant IV IziUnE este eeuatony complet nuceolul Anafaz3 terminal Ayregares cromozomilor ta polit lceluler suuperea diviznuni celulare, incepe tormarea tusulut de diviziun Seindarea longitustinal acromozomilor migrarea lor eatre poll att8 4. HiTotow paid (> coursioron) Jmutly uth (onmbrard aban) “ antoos gettin PReE. am Fweliy ext, (meembnam’ exten), Uermet da um inden apt, poe int, 9 emembeoma imteand, @licatunatat oxigen (un unkume aidouduieston) -foms. UK, ran STM, - ude Gt TB Tec AMI OAED (Li a) = mumbo uml > pibcshunshe ~) CRESE NITOOURRLE ~ Gn advo: milieu ord. Carte combine auhomuly upgirrdivaa etat oud tha, a eaalinganct \ S00 LAREN oxt patiuh = jus. pour cane four. to. ah ermacroeng f0sForiU era dae 4 | = importa im NS dapidons (aM, |) ARC omit —— - =OY POTENTIALUL DE ACTIUNE + KO md CRC Oamll + ~ Wal) 108 3. commun ae ued Sr Io cruel ovata iosiel gett) oh plural: ia Sruncdor fe be contin, SR alse AE nwa Foto de porte wa a fad jovilt en ztoml) 0 Tmelms) 5